They all accepted Rousseau's strong influence, opposed the bondage and oppression of traditional education on children's body and mind, and opposed the theory of external causes; Believe in good nature, agree with endogenous theory and advocate taking children as the standard; It is required to carefully study the characteristics of children, follow nature, and emphasize the importance of freedom and activities in education. Everyone attaches great importance to early childhood education (especially 1~6 years old) and the influence of childhood life on life.
Advocate the establishment of special social education institutions for children and train a large number of qualified teachers to engage in early childhood education. Influenced by religious idealism. Froebel made a mystical explanation of children's nature, and thought that the educational purpose, even the "source of God", was revealed in children's hearts. And Montessori's life theory also contains mysterious colors.
Second, what's the difference?
On the basis of theory and German classical idealism philosophy, influenced by religion, Froebel often discusses human development and education from the perspective of mysticism or theology, so many viewpoints are full of symbols and mysterious symbolic philosophy.
Although Montessori is also influenced by religion, his educational theory is mainly based on modern science, philosophy and psychology, especially biology and physiology, and his religious materialism is far lighter than Froebel's. Froebel is a Protestant and Montessori is a Catholic.
They also have great differences in specific educational views. The more important places are:
1, on children's psychological development view
Although both of them agree with the theory of "endogenous development", Montessori emphasizes the promotion of children's development through the interaction between subject and environment; On the other hand, Froebel tends to give personal speeches.
2. In the content and method of education.
Froebel advocates "games", "kindness" and "homework" (painting, paper work and manual work), and thinks that games are the highest form of children's self-expression, emphasizing the development of children's imagination and creativity through games;
Montessori, on the other hand, advocates "work", automatic education, sensory education (including reading, writing and arithmetic exercises) and practical life exercises, and thinks that work is a unique and valuable activity for children, and opposes games and toys with imaginative activities, thus denying the important role of creative games in children's education.
3. In the form of teaching organization.
Froebel asked to organize collective teaching; Montessori advocated individual activities and study alone.
4. On the role of teachers.
In the kindergarten of Froebel, teachers are regarded as "gardeners", and they should take care of, guide and even teach children (such as demonstrating and explaining "kindness"); In Montessori preschool, teachers are called "mentors", who are only responsible for guidance, guidance, environmental protection and care.
5. Understanding of the "environment" of children's activities.
Montessori and wrobel have different understandings of the "environment" of children's activities. Both include indoor and outdoor parts; However, Montessori's "prepared environment" is somewhat different from Froebel's kindergarten environment and facilities.
6. On the object of education.
Flobert kindergartens mainly recruit middle-class children, and do not eat for half a day; Montessori preschool mainly recruits poor children and provides full-time meals.
Because of the above differences between Montessori and Froebel in specific educational thoughts, it is suggested that the establishment of Montessori system makes "the most important educational system in kindergarten history" appear in front of us, and makes the early childhood education thoughts "diversified" and "diversified".