Suoluosheng (Xinjiang) Agriculture Technology Co., Ltd.

China's apple industry is undergoing new changes, and a large number of national leading agricultural enterprises, represented by Huasheng Fruit Industry, have invested in the construction of self-anvil apple plantations. Baoji Huasheng Fruit Industry Co., Ltd. introduced 200,000 virus-free rootstock seedlings with branches and a set of cultivation and management techniques from Cloodt Waike Nursery Company, a subsidiary of Dutch Kwa Tenas Group (the Dutch parent company of Suoluosheng (Xinjiang) Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd.). Now from garden selection, park planning, land leveling, grid system construction, guardrail installation, drip irrigation system construction and trial operation, seedling planting, seedling planting management, orchard planting, agricultural machinery configuration.

1, garden selection

Self-rootstock dwarfing and close planting orchard is convenient for mechanized management. In order to improve the utilization rate of agricultural machinery, the large-scale garden area should be at least 100 mu, with neat corners and stable water supply. Taking the annual precipitation of 600 mm as an example, the water supply capacity of auxiliary water sources such as reservoirs and rivers must reach 30 cubic meters per hour and continue to supply for more than one week. In addition, the selected garden site requires convenient transportation for bulk materials (cement columns, steel wires, seedlings, fruits, etc.). ).

In order to reduce the cost of building a garden and improve the land utilization rate, the land for building a garden should be flat with few appendages, the height of the platform in the garden should be less than 1 m, and there are obstacles such as old orchards, cemeteries, buildings, high-voltage electric towers, telephone poles and underground pipelines in the plot, so the land that needs to be moved for isolation and protection should be carefully considered.

2. Park planning

Orchards are generally divided into Dachuan construction areas. For the convenience of management, Datian can be divided into several communities according to its size. The construction area mainly includes: office building, reservoir, pump house, means of production warehouse, parking lot, etc.

& gt& gt& gt& gt community planning

According to the experiment, the drip irrigation pipeline extends in one direction120m to achieve the best irrigation effect, while 400m is the best for daily management such as mechanized spraying and fruit picking, so the fruit row length is 240 ~ 400m. The direction of fruit trees should be rationally planned according to the topography and landforms, with the aim of maximizing the use of land. Roads should be planned around residential areas, with a width of about 6 ~ 8m. The traffic on the main road is relatively large, so it needs to be paved or hardened. Other agricultural machinery roads are generally treated with grass.

& gt& gt& gt& gt variety planning

The selection of cultivated varieties mainly depends on local climatic conditions, market demand and farmers' management level. Family farm can choose 1 ~ 3 varieties for small-area planting, and the large-area planting base invested by enterprises can reasonably match early, middle and late ripening, extend the supply time of fruits, and try to plant some new varieties as reserve variety resources. The southern edge of the Loess Plateau has superior water and fertilizer conditions and early phenology, so early and middle-maturing varieties such as Gala and Yuhua Zaofu should be selected. The temperature difference between day and night in high latitude fruit areas is large, and the phenology is late, so late-maturing varieties such as Yanfu 3 and Liquan Duanfu should be selected.

& gt& gt& gt seedling selection

Good seedlings are the foundation of successful garden construction, and the diameter of rootstock high-quality seedlings is required to be not less than1.1cm above the joint; At least 6 lateral branches, and the lateral branches are at least 30cm；; The lateral branch at the base is not less than 70 cm from the ground; The root system is developed and the capillary roots are dense. Using this big seedling with branches to build a garden can achieve flowering in the first year of planting, with a yield of about 750 kg per mu in the second year and a high-yield period in the fifth year, with a stable yield of about 5000 kg per mu. Baoji Huasheng Fruit Industry Co., Ltd. invested 65.438+0.5 billion yuan to introduce 300,000 virus-free rootstocks from Crowhite Seedling Company in the Netherlands, which can produce 5 million seedlings from rootstocks every year, bringing good news to fruit farmers in China.

& gt& gt& gt planting planning

The planting density of self-rootstock dwarf close-planting orchard is generally 3.3 ~ 3.5m× 1 ~ 1.2m, and the wide row spacing is beneficial to mechanized operation, and the row spacing must be greater than the height of trees to ensure the orchard population to fully receive light. The row spacing depends on the specific planting varieties. For those varieties that grow vigorously and have difficulty in flowering, the row spacing should be larger. For varieties with moderate growth and easy flowering, such as Gala, the spacing between plants can be smaller.

3. Land leveling

Land leasing is generally carried out in autumn. After signing the contract, the ground appendages should be cleaned up as soon as possible and the garden should be built. Common ground appendages mainly include: crop stalks, fruit trees, miscellaneous trees, cemeteries, etc. Every platform reserved in the garden will reduce the planting of two rows of fruit trees and increase the weeding cost. It should be leveled as much as possible to improve the land utilization rate and facilitate management. Finally, turn the whole garden 30 cm deep and spin it flat for use.

4. Grid system construction

After planning the roads, communities, rows and row spacing of the whole park, draw planting rows first, and mark the planting points of cement columns every 10 meter on the planting rows; Then, on the basis of leaving enough road width, the embedding point of the ground anchor and the planting point of the side column are marked on the planting line from outside to inside respectively. When the distance between the column and the adjacent side column is less than 3m, cancel the column, and the distance between the ground anchor and the side column is1.5m. ..

Generally, the column size is 10 cm× 10 cm× 4 m (including four cold-drawn steel wires with a rough surface and a diameter of 4 mm, which are made of Po 42.5 grade cement, and the stone is made of granular stone or crushed stone). The cost is about one 45 yuan. The cement column is buried 80 cm, about 3.2 meters above the ground, and there is a column every 10 meter, about 19 per mu. The side column of the ground plug is inclined outward by about 15 degrees, and the vertical reflection of the ground is about 70 cm.

The steel wire should be galvanized steel wire, with a diameter of 2.2 mm, and it needs 19 kg per mu (about 3 1 m/kg, and the cost per kg is about 7 yuan). Pull four steel wires at 0.5m, 1.3m, 2. 1m and 3.0m on the ground respectively (the first steel wire is used to fix drip irrigation pipe), and the side columns are fixed with flanges, steel strands and ground anchors.

5, guardrail installation

Use loaders to level the land along the edge of the plot and push it into a gentle slope where there is a platform. The guardrail is 0.5 ~ 1 m away from the street trees. After marking, dig a hole along the road. Cement base is 40cm× 40cm× 40cm, and concrete is poured on site. The bottom of the guardrail is 10cm from the ground. The specifications of the guardrail are 3.0m× 1.5m, and the price of each guardrail is about 120 yuan (including freight).

6, dropper system construction

The investment of drip irrigation system (without automatic control system) is generally around 1, 000 ~ 1 and 200 yuan/mu (including installation cost). After the allocation is determined, the main factor affecting the cost is the area controlled by a header, and the plots are concentrated and contiguous. The larger the area covered by the header, the lower the cost.

& gt& gt& gt& gt reservoir construction

The size of the reservoir is mainly determined by the orchard area and irrigation methods. The drip irrigation system uses less water, with an average of 3 cubic meters per mu, twice a week in the dry season in summer, and at least 6,000 cubic meters per week for an orchard 1000 mu. The construction cost of a 1000 cubic meter concrete reservoir is about 200,000, and the construction cost of a 10000 cubic meter film-covered reservoir built by Baoji Huasheng Fruit Industry Co., Ltd. is about180,000.

& gt& gt& gt& gtPVC pipeline laying

In winter, all PVC pipes must be buried under the frozen soil layer to prevent frost cracking in winter. The depth of frozen soil varies from place to place. The depth of frozen soil in Guanzhong area of Shaanxi Province is less than 50 cm, that in northern Shaanxi Province is 80 ~ 100 cm, and that in northeast China is about 2 m, but the shallowest depth must be less than 80 cm to prevent the PVC pipeline from being damaged during deep ploughing.

& gt& gt& gt& gt control equipment installation and power supply.

Generally, the depth of the pool is about 4 ~ 6m, and the lift of the pump is about10m. Therefore, the drip irrigation control room should be adjacent to the reservoir, and the control room should be equipped with a header, next to the power distribution room. If transformers are used for deep well pumps and headers, the power supply line between the transformers and any pumps shall not exceed 500m. Otherwise, the transformer must be configured separately. The size of the transformer is determined according to the sum of the powers of the controlled pumps. Specially designed by the electric power department, the price of each transformer is 68,000 yuan, and the price of conductor is 80,000 yuan/km.

7, seedling planting

& gt& gt& gt& gt colonial planning

List the number of rows planted in each plot and the definable number of plants per row, and plan the variety distribution in the park according to the variety and quantity of seedlings. Generally, only one variety is planted in a planting community or irrigation community, which is convenient for later management.

& gt& gt& gt& gt field marking

Mark the planting point on the steel wire with red paint. Align the midpoint of a bamboo stick with a length of 1m with the center of the cement column, point the steel wire at the top of the bamboo stick, then align one end of the bamboo stick with this point, point the steel wire at the other end, and so on. Then the distance between two adjacent planting points is 1m, and the distance between the planting point and the adjacent cement column is 0.5m. When the distance between a planting point and the adjacent cement column is less than 0.5m, the distance between the adjacent planting points should be compressed to ensure that the distance between the planting point and the adjacent cement column is 0.5m. ..

& gt& gt& gt& gt dig holes in the ground.

The planting pits are 30cm× 30cm in size, which can be dug in advance, and each person can dig about 300 pits every day. The day before planting, drip irrigation for 4 hours.

Preparation of>& gt& gt& gt seedling soaking pool

Choose a place with convenient transportation, close to water sources and plots, and large activity space to dig a seedling pond, usually near the reservoir. The width of the seedling soaking pond is 1.5m, and the depth is 0.5m. About 8000 seedlings can be stored every 45m. A thick layer of agricultural film is laid on the bottom of the seedling soaking pool, and a layer of colored strip cloth is added on it (to prevent the roots from puncturing the agricultural film), and a sunshade net is erected on the top of the seedling soaking pool.

& gt& gt& gt& gt personnel preparation

Technician: Each planting group arranges a planting technician to be responsible for the technical guidance of seedling planting.

Truck loader: responsible for dipping the saplings into the roots and loading them on the truck. Use 6000 times rooting powder solution, put it in a vat and dip the roots before planting. On average, a worker can load 1500 plants a day.

Planting workers: 15 people in a group, of which 1 group leader, 2 scattered seedlings, and the rest 12 people planted seedlings in a group of 2 people. An average person can plant 200 plants a day.

Drip irrigation workers: responsible for the maintenance of drip irrigation system, need to be trained in advance. 2 people are needed per 150 mu. In the early stage of planting, drip irrigation workers can arrange to put seedlings in the seedling soaking pool, water them and then check them in the soil.

& gt& gt& gt& gt transportation preparation

According to the planting speed, arrange enough tricycles to transport the seedlings soaked in water to the field. All vehicles should be numbered uniformly for easy management. Every car should be equipped with a sunshade net (4m× 1.5m) to prevent the seedlings from being directly exposed to the sun. Each tricycle can transport 350 ~ 400 seedlings at a time.

& gt& gt& gt& gt seedling colonization

It is suitable to plant large seedlings from late March to early May and sow in the first half of June, which has no effect on the survival rate of seedlings, but the growth is obviously reduced. Plant the seedlings evenly on the south side of the steel wire, with the central trunk two fingers wide from the steel wire and facing the red marking point on the first steel wire. Galajia interface is 15cm from the ground. Fuji needs soil to cover its roots. After planting, the seedlings will stand upright and step on the soil to cover them.

8, planting seedlings management

Irrigation: Irrigation should be carried out immediately after planting. After the first watering for about 6 hours, the moist soil in drip irrigation pipe became banded.

Stamp your feet: when planting, stamp your feet when burying the soil. In order to ensure the survival rate, the soil sinks after the first watering, so a small amount of soil should be covered and then covered.

Pruning: Pruning should be carried out immediately after planting in spring, mainly cutting off injured branches, branches with branch-stem ratio greater than 1/2, competitive branches in the central trunk, and branches planted below 70 cm in the central trunk, and applying protective agent to prevent water loss or infection with germs.

Binding: insert a bamboo pole next to each fruit tree and bind it with a branch binding machine. The diameter of the bamboo pole base is 1.5 ~ 2.0 cm, the length is about 3.5 m, the distance from the trunk of the seedling is about 5 cm, and the buried depth is 20 ~ 30 cm. If the bamboo pole is too thin, it will not play a good supporting role, and if it is too thick, it will affect the germination of buds on the trunk. First, tie the bamboo pole to the steel wire with a wire, and then tie the fruit tree to the bamboo pole with a branch tying machine. When binding, the belt should be looser to leave some room for growth.

Branching: The distance from rootstock to seedling is only 1 m.. In order to control the growth of the main branches, it is necessary to pull the branches with a length of more than 60 cm or a small included angle to 65,438+065,438+00 ~ 65,438+020 degrees.

9. Planting grass in the orchard

Lolium perenne or clover is generally used for planting grass in orchards, and the two kinds of grass seeds can also be mixed and sown according to the ratio of 1: 1. Sowing time is early August (before the autumn rain), sowing width between rows is 1.5 ~ 2.0m, and sowing amount is 2 ~ 3kg per mu.

10, agricultural machinery preparation

Mechanization is one of the important signs of modern agriculture. After reasonable planting planning, large-scale orchards can be mechanized. Taking the orchard as an example, the following agricultural machinery should be equipped: 2 high-power tractors, 3 tractor-type pesticide sprayers, 2 lawn mowers, 1 rotary tiller, 1 thinning machine, 1 working platform.