The first washing machine in the world appeared in 1867.
Although the history of using washing machines in China is not long, it has developed rapidly in recent years. With the continuous improvement of people's living standards, the buyers have developed from urban residents to township residents, and the selection requirements have gradually changed from single bucket to double bucket, from popular to semi-automatic and full-start. Washing machine has aroused more and more people's extensive interest and become a necessary household appliance for residents' families. I. Classification of washing machines (I) Classification according to structural principles There are three common washing machines: drum type, stirring type and pulsator type.
1. Drum type; It has a horizontal circular barrel for holding washing liquid, and a rotatable porous inner barrel is installed in the barrel, and the washed clothes are placed in the porous barrel, and the motor drives the inner barrel to rotate back and forth, so that the clothes are constantly knocked in the washing liquid; Turn it over for washing. 2. mixed type.
The machine part is a vertical barrel. There is no vertical shaft in the center of the barrel, and there are stirring wings on it. Through its rotation, or the positive and negative rotation alternately, the water flow and the clothes turn over, so that the clothes turn over and rub against each other in the bucket, thus achieving the purpose of washing. 3. Pulsator.
The washing container is a vertical bucket, and the pulsator is arranged at the center or slightly off center of the bottom of the bucket. With the rotation of Apollo wheel, the washing liquid forms a vortex in the bucket, which drives the clothes to rotate and rotate, thus achieving the purpose of washing. (2) According to the classification of washing function, it is generally divided into three types: popular type, semi-automatic type and full-automatic type.
1. Popular type. Single barrel washing machine without dehydration function.
Most of these washing machines are equipped with timing switches, which can control the intermittent forward and reverse rotation of the pulsator or drum during washing and rinsing, and can automatically stop according to the selected washing and rinsing time. 2. Semi-automatic type.
Generally, it is a double-simple type, which consists of a washing machine and a dehydrator. It has the functions of washing, rinsing and dehydration, but the clothes should be taken out by hand and put into the dehydrator for dehydration. This washing machine is equipped with timing switches for washing and rinsing, and also with timing switches for dehydration. At present, all the double drum washing machines in China belong to this type. Because there is only one dehydration function compared with single-barrel universal type, it is generally called double-barrel universal type to distinguish it from single-barrel universal type.
3. Fully automatic. It is a single barrel type, and washing, rinsing and dehydration are all carried out in one barrel. In addition to taking and placing clothes, as long as the position of the control button is adjusted according to the required working procedure, water inlet, washing, rinsing, dehydration and drainage can be automatically carried out.
In addition, some washing machines are equipped with drainage pumps, which are suitable for houses without ground drainage. Some washing machines are equipped with electric heaters to automatically control the water temperature. Advanced washing machines have used computers to control programs and time, and can automatically adjust the temperature and water volume. Finally, the buzzer sounds, indicating that the work is over.
There are also multifunctional washing machines, which can be pre-washed, washed, rinsed, dehydrated, dried or scalded. Although there are many kinds of washing machines, pulsator washing machines are mainly produced in China because of their simple structure, easy manufacture, low cost, short washing time, high cleaning rate, low power consumption, small floor space, flexible movement and convenient use. The following briefly introduces the structure and usage of the double-barrel pulsator washing machine. By the end of 1960s, the pulsator washing machine was becoming more and more perfect, but it grew rapidly in 1980s. From the perspective of structure and function, the pulsator washing machine is mainly composed of the following parts. (1) The pulsator washing machine mainly stirs water and clothes through the rotation of the pulsator. Because the pulsator rotates at high speed, it can produce vortex of washing liquid, so it is also called vortex washing machine.
There are several special-shaped flanges arranged radially on the pulsator. When the impeller rotates at high speed, the force acting on the washing liquid at any point on the flange water surface can be divided into horizontal and vertical components. At any moment when the impeller moves, the spatial position and direction of the action points of these two forces are changing, and the sizes of the points of the two components on the flange are also different due to the different radius of rotation and the shape of the curved surface. These two components form two disasters, horizontal and vertical, which make the clothes roll and stir strongly.
Clothes not only collide with each other in the washing liquid. But also collides and rubs with ribs on the wall of the washing tub.
The comprehensive effect of these mechanical actions is equivalent to rubbing, beating, rubbing and rubbing in manual laundry, so the washing effect is very significant. (2) The washing process of clothes in the washing tub is carried out in the washing tub; Therefore, the washing tub is also an important part of the washing machine.
The cooperation between the washing tub and the pulsator can enhance the eddy current, and the ribs on the wall of the washing tub are equivalent to the scrubbing plate we use every day. The friction between the clothes and the bucket wall can greatly improve the washing effect. The materials of washing barrels are commonly used, such as aluminum plate, enamel, glass fiber reinforced plastic, stainless steel and so on. , but in recent years, most of them are made of plastics such as ABS and polypropylene.
(3) Dehydration bucket Double-barrel washing water Besides washing bucket, there is also dehydration bucket. The dehydration of clothes is realized by the high-speed movement of the drying basket in the dehydration barrel. Most of the spin-drying baskets are made of ABS plastic and enamel, and the rotating speed is about 700~ 1000 rpm. The centrifugal force produced makes the clothes press against the basket wall together with water, and the water flies out of the small holes in the basket wall, and the clothes are gradually dehydrated and dried. The spin-drying basket must have a good dynamic balance, if it is unbalanced, it will produce noise and vibration.
In fact, it is impossible to distribute clothes evenly, so all spin-drying baskets are equipped with special balance rings to form a new balance during operation. (4) Transmission mechanism 1, washing part. Generally driven by belt, the motor is fixed on the bracket at the bottom of the box, and the impeller is driven by V-belt. The key problem in transmission mechanism is to prevent water leakage at the joint between impeller bearing seat and cylinder, so it is necessary to add a thin rubber gasket between them and install oil seal on the upper part of bearing.
2. Dehydration part. The motor spindle is directly connected with the spin drying basket shaft through the coupling to realize transmission.
The spin-drying basket cover is equipped with a mechanical interlock device, which cooperates with the electrical system. When the spin-drying basket rotates at high speed, or the operation procedure changes and the spin-drying basket cover suddenly opens, the motor stops quickly to avoid accidents. The transmission system should be stable to reduce power consumption, vibration and noise.
(5) The box body and all supporting parts are installed in the box body, and the box body is made of 1mm thin steel plate or plastic-coated steel plate through cutting, punching, bending, spot welding, surface cleaning and painting.
2. Tips for washing clothes
Tips for saving money by washing clothes
1, selected cleaning procedure
When the washing machine washes a small amount of clothes, the water level is set too high, and the clothes float around in the high water, lacking friction with each other, but not clean and wasting water. At present, in the program control of washing machines, washing machine manufacturers have developed more washing machines with water level, the water level is refined, and the washing start-up water level is also reduced by1/2; The washing function can be set as primary cleaning, secondary cleaning or tertiary cleaning, and we can completely choose different washing levels and washing times according to different needs, thus achieving the purpose of saving water.
2. Soak in advance to reduce water consumption
The washing time can be determined by the fabric type and the degree of dirt of the clothes. Soaking clothes before washing can reduce rinsing times and water consumption.
3, the right amount of washing powder.
The dosage of washing powder (that is, the concentration of washing powder in water when the washing machine is at an appropriate water level) should be mastered well, which is the key to the rinsing process and the key to saving water and electricity. Take a washing machine with a rated laundry capacity of 2kg as an example. Low-level low foaming detergent needs about 40g when the laundry amount is small, and 50g when the water level is high. According to the dosage, the optimum washing concentration is 0. 1%~0.3%, so the solution with this concentration has the greatest surface activity and good decontamination effect. There are many kinds of washing powder in the market with different functions, which can be selected according to family habits. Too much washing powder will inevitably increase the difficulty and frequency of rinsing.
4. Wash clothes together.
Don't wash clothes too little. It is also a water-saving method to concentrate on washing after waiting too much.
5. Make full use of washing
(1) Increase the number of times of rinsing, and the amount of rinsing water per time shall be less than more, and the amount of submerged clothes shall prevail. (2) The water consumption for each rinse is the same. (3) After each rinse, wring out the clothes as much as possible, and then drain the water. (4) If the rinsed water is left to the next batch of washing water, 30-40 liters of clean water can be saved at a time.
3. What common sense should I pay attention to when washing clothes with a washing machine?
The rated voltage of the safe (1) washing machine is 220V and 50Hz. If it exceeds this range, it is easy to damage the motor.
(2) Do not use more than one electrical equipment in one socket to avoid over-current and overload, which may cause fire hazards.
(3) When using the washing machine for the first time, first check whether the washing machine is safely grounded, otherwise an electric shock accident may occur.
(4) Don't press heavy objects on the power cord, and don't let the washing machine squeeze the power cord, which will deform the power cord and reduce the cross-sectional area, resulting in overcurrent and overload during use.
(5) All clothes soaked in flammable solvents (such as gasoline and organic solvents). ) shall not be put into the washing bucket or dehydration bucket.
(6) When the washing machine is in use, do not place or use flammable chemical solvents around the washing machine, such as spraying, painting, paint, gasoline and other organic solvents.
(7) Do not pour hot water above 50℃ directly into the washing machine, so as to avoid the aging and deformation of the washing bucket and waterproof sealing ring.
(8) Don't use the washing machine in the environment below 0℃, and don't store water in the washing tub to avoid freezing and cracking the washing tub.
(9) Do not open the cover of the washing machine when it is dehydrated or when the dehydration barrel does not completely stop rotating, so as to avoid danger.
(10) When using the washing machine, don't let children touch the washing tub or dehydration tub to avoid danger.
(1 1) If the washing machine is found not to start, the running sound is abnormal, the rotating speed is obviously slow, smoking, water leakage, electric leakage and burning smell are found, the power supply should be cut off immediately, and it can only be used after inspection and troubleshooting.
(12) Be sure to unplug the power plug after use, so as to avoid the laundry machine standing by for a long time, causing fever and potential failure.
(13) When washing the washing machine, don't wash it directly with water (especially the control panel and the electrical parts at the lower part of the washing machine).
(14) When the washing machine needs maintenance, you should contact the local maintenance technical service center or ask professional technicians for maintenance. Do not carry out maintenance easily, so as not to cause safety problems.
4. Common sense of washing machine maintenance
How to clean the washing machine?
When using the washing machine, at first glance, you will think that the washing tub is very clean, but many people don't know that when washing clothes, the washing tub is covered with a coat bucket, and the washing water enters and exits between the two floors, and the water is discharged from the mezzanine. If you pull out the washing tub, you will find a lot of dirt piled up in the interlayer. Not cleaning the washing machine for a long time is not only harmful to your health and your family's health, but also gives off an odor. So how to clean the washing machine?
First, turn on the washing machine and inject enough water. Pay attention to the fact that the water level can't be lower than the highest water level, and then put a certain amount of laundry liquid or special detergent for cleaning laundry liquid (the liquid solvent should be more than 200ml and the solid solvent should be more than 200g). After everything is ready, start the laundry button of the washing machine, let the washing machine idle for 5 minutes, and let the detergent fully dissolve. After 5 minutes, cut off the power supply of the washing machine, let the detergent soak in the washing bucket for three or four hours, and let the dirt in the washing machine fall off. Finally, rinse the washing machine twice, so as to clean all the detergents in the washing machine. It is generally best to clean the washing machine once every three months.
How to maintain the laundry for a long time?
(1) If the laundry machine stops for a long time, be sure to drain the accumulated water and keep it clean and tidy.
(2) It should be placed in a dry place with no corrosive gas, strong acid and strong alkali, so as to avoid rusting of metal parts and reduce the insulation performance of electrical components.
(3) If it is a pulsator washing machine, if there is no oil hole in the pulsator shaft, the washing machine should be oiled once to prevent corrosion.
(4) The washing machine stored for a long time should be covered with plastic cloth or cloth cover to avoid dust erosion and keep the washing machine clean.
(5) Start the machine every 2 or 3 months to prevent the parts from rusting and the motor winding from getting wet. Energization is also a means to dry the winding, which can avoid the failure caused by too long downtime.
(6) The washing machine should not be exposed to direct sunlight for a long time, especially the plastic devices, so as to avoid fading and aging.
5. Knowledge about refrigerators and washing machines
Washing machines are mainly divided into pulsator and drum.
The washing time of pulsator is short, but there is more water, more power consumption and louder sound. If it is fully automatic, it can be used semi-automatically. Now Haier's selling point in the market is the appearance and intelligence of Shuanglishen lg.
The washing time of the drum is usually several hours, and the fast washing is also half an hour, but the washing effect is good, the cleanliness is high, and the power-saving sound is low, but one thing is that it can't be used semi-automatically and the washing time can't be set by itself, and some doors can't be opened during washing. Lg has several high-end models.
LG's refrigerator mainly takes its own compressor as its main selling point, and its appearance. The washing machine is LG drum, mainly his DD, which directly drives Haier, mainly because of his after-sales guarantee, and the price is relatively dominant. Siemens is a high-end brand ! !
6. Common sense of buying a washing machine
1, how to choose the washing machine capacity
For washing underwear and children's clothes, you can choose a washing machine with a capacity of less than 3kg, a washing machine with a capacity of 4.5kg for two people, a washing machine with a capacity of 5.0k g for a family of three, a washing machine with a capacity of 6.0kg for a family of four and a washing machine with a capacity of more than 6.0kg for a family of four.
2. Selection of pulsator and drum
Automatic pulsator washing machine: the main advantages are simple structure, moderate price, low power consumption, high cleaning degree, convenient addition of clothes and no need for fixed placement. However, it is generally impossible to heat and wash clothes, which is easy to be entangled and worn when washing clothes, and consumes a lot of water.
Drum washing machine: high degree of automation, no entanglement with clothes, little wear on clothes, suitable for washing high-grade clothes, wrinkle-resistant and non-ironing, less water consumption, saving detergent, uniform and clean washing, heating washing, but the washing time is slightly longer, the power consumption is higher and the price is higher.
These are the basic introductions of two kinds of washing machines. You can choose pulsator or drum washing machine according to your working environment and lifestyle.
3. Other requirements
When buying a washing machine, in addition to the choice of capacity and basic functions, some parameters of the washing machine should also be considered according to your specific situation.
measure
Before you buy a machine, you should first consider the size and layout of your room, and then comprehensively consider whether the size of the washing machine you want to buy can be installed and whether it can ensure the overall beauty of the room after installation.
noise
Noise is also a parameter to consider when you buy a washing machine. Most office workers are very busy during the day and usually wash clothes after work at night. If the noise is too loud, it will first affect your sleep quality, and then affect your quality of life.
In daily life, different people have different feelings about noise. If you are a part of people who are sensitive to noise, I suggest you consider buying ultra-quiet goods.
Special education needs
Some washing machines have the functions of steam washing and air washing, which can be used to wash high-grade clothes. This kind of washing machine does not hurt clothes, has high cleanliness, does not need ironing, and most of them have drying function.
4. Brand selection
Haier, Midea, Little Swan and other domestic washing machines are the best-selling machines on the Internet. Domestic products have high cost performance, mature technology, good quality and good after-sales service, especially Haier's sales of washing machines with 4.5 kg-6.0 kg capacity have been in the leading position.
Foreign brands such as Whirlpool, Panasonic, Sanyo, Siemens, etc. are advanced in technology, multi-functional, elegant in shape and strong in artistic sense.