However, in the investigation, we often encounter some practical puzzles:
What kind of questions are suitable for questionnaires and interviews?
Is there a sequence of questionnaires and interviews in the same research task? What role can each play?
How to design questionnaires/interview questions more effectively?
How to scientifically select the respondents/research objects of the questionnaire?
How to choose the interviewee scientifically?
How to ensure the smooth progress of the interview?
What are the questioning skills and precautions in the interview? How to ask?
The questions listed above are just the tip of the iceberg in the actual problems of questionnaires and interviews. It involves the whole process of questionnaire design, distribution, filling and recycling, interview design, operation, data collation, analysis and summary. How to be scientific, rigorous and efficient is very important.
Today, in view of the above problems, combined with the research case of teacher training industry, I will share some practical tips with you.
1. Questionnaire application status
From the research method, the questionnaire belongs to quantitative research method. Questionnaire is suitable for collecting factual information (such as gender, major, education, etc.). ), behavioral information (such as research strategy, research frequency, etc.). ) and attitude information (such as research beliefs, motivation, curriculum attitude, etc.). ). Questions with clear data are suitable for questionnaire survey, which is mainly used to see the overall trend.
2. Applicable occasions for the interview
Interview is a qualitative research method. Interview is suitable for collecting experience (such as training experience and work experience, etc.). ), feelings (such as the evaluation of the seminar, etc. ) and imagination (such as seminar suggestions, etc. ). Complex and unclear questions are suitable for interviews and research, mainly to see the process of change.
3. Combination of questionnaire and interview
For example, the combination of questionnaire and interview can not only understand the characteristics of the whole sparrow population (questionnaire), but also deeply dissect the sparrow (interview). In view of this combined research, interviews are often conducted as follow-up to questionnaires, and target users are selected from the questionnaires for follow-up interviews.
4. Questionnaire question design "Five Don 'ts"
Don't use questions.
② Don't use technical terms.
③ Don't use two-dimensional expression in the options.
④ Don't have incomplete or overlapping options.
⑤ Don't use general or lengthy expressions.
6. Don't make mistakes.
5. Questionnaire sampling does not look at much, but at representativeness.
The questionnaire must be randomly sampled, but the effect of the questionnaire lies not in the number of samples, but in the coverage. It is necessary to cover all potential subjects as much as possible to ensure that the samples are sufficiently representative.
6. Respondents should not choose "volunteers", but should hear "different" voices.
Interviewees should not look for volunteers, because interviewees who voluntarily cooperate with the interview often hold positive opinions and may not be able to dig out real and comprehensive problems. It is suggested that snowball sampling should be adopted to find negative, different voices and differentiated subjects, and dig out comprehensive and real needs. The so-called snowball sampling method is to recommend 2-3 other subjects by one trusted subject, and then gradually expand the recommendation.
7. Interview skills-lower your status, build relationships, seize opportunities, and be good at asking questions.
Only by establishing a good relationship can the interview go smoothly. The interviewer should consciously lower his status, take the subject as the center and walk into the heart of the subject. It is necessary to pay attention to this topic from the beginning. At the same time, in the interview process, we should be good at grasping the opportunity from the seemingly "small talk" questions, so that the subjects can consciously guide the interview topic and extract the demand points from it after they begin to speak.