Librarians should abide by the basic principles of international communication in their foreign exchanges.

1. Respect national dignity and observe foreign affairs discipline.

In foreign affairs activities, every staff member performs official duties on behalf of his own unit, so we must strictly implement China's basic foreign policy, persist in safeguarding national sovereignty and national dignity, and do nothing to harm and insult the country. Consciously abide by foreign affairs discipline, don't reveal secrets, don't use the convenience of work for personal gain, don't have private contact with guests, don't advocate and agree with unreasonable demands made by guests, don't lose yourself when interacting with foreign guests, and behave appropriately.

2. Treat each other as equals, neither humble nor supercilious

China's foreign policy emphasizes the equality of all countries. Therefore, no matter where the guests come from, big or small, strong or weak, rich or poor, etc. We all communicate with each other as equals. We should be warm, friendly and equal, neither humble nor supercilious. Librarians should really be neither humble nor supercilious. They should not only improve and correct their attitudes in thought, but also put them into practice in their work.

On the one hand, while learning all the advantages of foreign counterparts with an open mind and respecting the customs and habits of other countries, we resolutely oppose the idea of inferiority, and on the basis of self-respect, self-respect and self-love, we are honest, frank, optimistic, open-minded, calm and natural in foreign exchanges.

On the other hand, in all foreign exchanges, we should not be arrogant, arrogant, arrogant, self-righteous and indifferent.

3. Respect each other and seek common ground while reserving differences

Foreign affairs involve different countries and nationalities. Due to different historical, cultural and religious factors, each has its own special customs and habits, so we should pay attention to them. It is important to understand and respect the differences between them and China, instead of judging right and wrong and distinguishing advantages and disadvantages by our standards. As long as the other party's behavior does not endanger his own life safety, violate the law and damage the national personality, in principle, there is no need to interfere and correct.

In short, "seeking common ground" means observing international conventions on etiquette and paying attention to the "* * *" nature of etiquette. "reserving differences" means not to completely deny the customs and habits of other countries, but to understand the customs and habits of countries that interact with each other when necessary and show respect. For example, in countries all over the world, people often use different gifts. Among them, China people bow, Japanese people bow, Koreans bow, Thais fold their hands, Arabs press their chests, and Europeans and Americans kiss their faces, hands and hugs. Everyone has his own exquisite manners and belongs to the "personality" of etiquette. At the same time, shaking hands, as a kind of meeting etiquette, can be said to be popular all over the world. When dealing with people from any country, the handshake etiquette of "* * *" is applicable as the meeting etiquette, so it is "to observe the convention" to adopt the handshake ceremony in foreign-related communication.

4. Honesty, punctuality and moderate enthusiasm

Honesty, as the basic premise of any work, is embodied in the reception and communication of foreign affairs, mainly manifested in observing the agreement, especially the punctuality, diligence, honesty and punctuality in all formal agreements. First, on the issue of time, don't hesitate, don't be vague and don't be ambiguous. Second, once the communication time is agreed, we should do everything possible to abide by it, rather than changing or canceling it casually. Third, for the appointment time of both parties, it is appropriate to arrive on time, and it is not correct to arrive early or late. Fourth, you are not allowed to leave early during the appointment. Fifth, if you miss the appointment, you must inform the date as soon as possible, explain the reasons and apologize to the other party.

Moderate enthusiasm, not only reflects the enthusiasm and friendliness, but more importantly, grasps the specific scale of enthusiasm and friendliness to people, mainly grasping the following three scales of reception and communication:

One is "caring", that is, it is not appropriate to show too much concern for foreign friends;

Second, there is a certain distance. In other words, when communicating and socializing with foreign friends, we should keep an appropriate space distance from each other according to the different relations between the two sides. Usually the social distance is 0.5 m ~ 1.5 m, the etiquette distance is 1.5 m ~ 3 m, and the distance over 3 m is the public distance between strangers.

Third, "the behavior should be moderate." Don't do some casual and enthusiastic actions, such as patting shoulders and touching the top of your head, and don't do some uncivilized and impolite actions, such as pointing and crossing your legs.

5. Ladies first, right first.

Ladies first is an important etiquette principle recognized by the international community, which requires every adult male to consciously show respect for women, care for women, be considerate of women, care for women, protect women's civilization and treat all women equally.

The principle of ladies first has become different etiquette norms on different occasions. For example, when speaking to groups or the public, the audience should be addressed in the order of "ladies and gentlemen". When greeting, give priority to the ladies present; When walking together, men should let women go first and let women walk on the inside of the road; When entering the door, the man takes the initiative to open the door or give way to the lady; Wait a minute.

In addition, the principle of "respecting rights" is usually used in various types of international communication. Speaking of job placement in foreign affairs activities, such as meetings, queues, etc. The order is right and left, right and left, and the right position is always more noble than the left position. It should be noted that in the process of receiving visiting foreign guests, the situation is just the opposite when the host visits or sees them off at the place where the foreign guests stay. At this time, the identity of the host should be "guest" and the guest should be "master". When necessary, the host should be on the right and the guests on the left, reflecting the intention of being at home. Foreign guests should be regarded as hosts in temporary accommodation arranged for them. The same exception also includes that when wearing a medal, it is customary to wear the medal on the left side of the skirt on formal occasions, especially when attending social activities.

Do as the Romans do in Rome.

Due to historical and environmental reasons, there are huge cultural differences between countries in the world and between East and West. In foreign-related communication, to truly respect the communication object, we must first respect the unique customs of the other party and do as the Romans do. The most important thing is to pay attention to the following two aspects:

First of all, we must fully understand the customs related to the communication object. The ancients said that "entry is forbidden, entry is asking customs, and entry is asking taboos", which is a good word to guide foreign exchanges today;

Second, we should unconditionally respect the unique customs of our contacts. In foreign affairs, there is no need to copy the unique customs of other countries. We need to carry forward our own traditional customs, but we must never criticize the customs of other countries.

In foreign affairs, when you are the host, you usually pay attention to "the host is convenient for the guests", while when you are the guest, you will pay attention to "the guests are convenient for the host". In essence, these two practices are the concrete implementation of the principle of "do as the Romans do, ask the Romans".

Second, the public etiquette of foreign-related exchanges

Maintaining a good personal image is not only the expression of personal life attitude, but also the need of foreign affairs etiquette norms. As a cultural communication organization, every employee of the library is more obligated to show a good personal image and cultural upbringing, and fully display China's profound cultural heritage as a country of civilization and etiquette in foreign affairs activities.

Generally speaking, foreign-related communication must master the conventional foreign etiquette in order to cope freely and take the initiative. Here are some personal requirements for foreign communication and several internationally accepted foreign affairs etiquette, such as addressing, shaking hands, introducing and handing out business cards.

1. Personal image

(1) The importance of personal image

① Everyone's personal image truly reflects his personal education and taste;

② Everyone's personal image objectively reflects his personal mental outlook and attitude towards life;

③ Everyone's personal image faithfully shows the importance he attaches to communication, and the importance one attaches to self-image should be directly proportional to the importance he attaches to communication. In other words, it is impolite not to modify your self-image in foreign-related communication.

④ Everyone's personal image is an integral part of the overall image of his unit. Therefore, every comrade who takes part in foreign affairs reception represents the characteristics of his library and even all libraries in his region.

⑤ Everyone's personal image often represents the image of his country and nation in international communication. If a China person does not pay attention to maintaining his image in foreign exchanges, it may damage the image of the country and the whole nation to some extent.

For the above reasons, every librarian must always pay attention to maintaining his own image, especially the first impression left on formal occasions.

(2) Personal appearance and behavior

Personal appearance is a general term for manners, manners, looks and manners. In foreign affairs, we should not only observe the general etiquette, but also observe the necessary diplomatic etiquette.

1 appearance. Men are not allowed to grow beards, nose hair and ear hair, and long hair; Women are not allowed to shave their heads, eyebrows, armpits and wear too much makeup; No one is allowed to get tattooed, tattooed or untidy.

2 expression. Kindness, enthusiasm, friendliness and naturalness are neither too exaggerated nor too heavy and indifferent.

3 courtesy. "Standing in a standing position, sitting in a sitting position" shows civilized and elegant manners.

4 clothing. The basic requirement is simple, generous and neat. Secondly, we should adapt ourselves to our identity, status and age, especially to our social role in foreign affairs. In addition, it is most important to pay attention to the coordination of clothes and occasions. As for dress etiquette, the "TPO" principle is universally recognized. TPO is an English word for time, place and purpose.

The basic meaning of TPO principle is that people should pay attention to the time, place and purpose when wearing makeup and jewelry, and should not be too casual. Specifically, clothes should be ironed, pants should be ironed, leather shoes should be oiled and polished, long-sleeved shirts should be kept in pants, cuffs should not be rolled up, short-sleeved shirts should not be stuffed in pants, pants should not be rolled up, and shorts should not be worn to participate in foreign affairs activities under any circumstances; Men should take off their hats, coats, raincoats and rain boots when entering the room, while women can wear gauze gloves, masks and hats indoors.

5 talk. When you speak, you must follow international practice and consciously turn down the volume. At the same time, we should also use standard respectful language, modest language, respectful language and polite language.

2. Title

Addressing each other correctly is the first step in polite communication. International addressing requirements mainly include:

Generally speaking, it is called "Mr" for adult men, "Mrs" for married or status women, "Miss" for unmarried women, and "Ms" for women who don't know their marital status, and can be given names or titles;

For senior officials, such as officials above ministerial level, they can be called "Your Excellency" and "Mr." with titles. Some European and American countries, such as Germany, the United States and Mexico, often call them "sir" instead of "your Excellency", and women with high status in Japan are also called "sir";

Address the king and queen as "Your Majesty", the prince, princess and prince as "Your Highness", and those with titles are titles or "Your Excellency" and "Sir";

Address soldiers as ranks or "officers" and senior generals such as generals and marshals as "your Excellency";

Address intellectuals or professionals by their positions or degrees and give them surnames, such as "Professor John" and "Dr. Ma", or Mr. Gabbush, such as "Lawyer Bush";

For the clergy, the title of ability can also be called "Mr.", such as "Mr. Pastor", and for those above the bishop, it can be called "Your Excellency";

For male and female waiters, they are generally called "sir" and "miss";

Foreign guests who are commensurate with "comrades" may be given names or titles at the same time, such as "waiter comrades".

In fact, due to the different languages, customs and social systems of different ethnic groups, there are also great differences in addressing. Therefore, we should not only pay attention to the general address used in the world, but also consider the specific situation of the country where the visitor is located, choose the appropriate address and take the first step in foreign exchanges.

Handshake etiquette

Greeting each other and shaking hands are the most common etiquette in foreign communication occasions. Internationally, the main details to grasp when shaking hands are:

(1) Subject comes before object.

Between the host and the guests, the host has the obligation to reach out to the guests first, so when welcoming foreign guests, he should take the initiative to reach out and shake hands with the guests to welcome them. It must be noted that unless it is necessary to welcome guests, superiors, elders and ladies must reach out to shake hands, otherwise it is impolite;

(2) the strength is appropriate

Shake hands with your right hand, and the strength is appropriate. Not too light and not too heavy. Being too light means indifference, arrogance and lack of sincerity. Too heavy will make the other person feel pain and appear rude. It is advisable to be soft, appropriate and tight without pain.

(3) Grasp the time

The appropriate handshake time is 3 ~ 5 seconds. Holding each other's hands for a long time, even shaking violently, will make each other feel at a loss.

(4) Pay attention to each other

When shaking hands, concentrate, look at the inverted triangle of the other person's face, smile and greet, and never shake hands and look around at the same time;

(5) Handshake taboo

Don't wear gloves or hats when shaking hands, don't wipe your hands on the spot after shaking hands, don't cross your hands, don't refuse to shake hands, don't neglect or be impatient, and in case of special circumstances such as injury or illness, make it clear to the other party and ask for forgiveness.

introduce

If the two sides are acquaintances, there is no need for introduction. If it's the first time we meet and don't know each other, the receptionist should take the initiative to introduce others in order. The general requirements of introduction are: accurate order, proper manners, proper title and modest attitude.

(1) Introduce yourself

Nod to the other person first, and then introduce yourself after getting a response. The content of self-introduction can be simplified or added on the basis of three elements, such as name, unit and position, and strive to be concise. Generally, it should be within 1 minute, and the longest time should not exceed 3 minutes. When introducing yourself, you should show enthusiasm, calmness and confidence in knowing each other. Self-introduction can also be done by handing in business cards.

(2) Introduce others

When greeting guests, first introduce the greeting person to the foreign guests, and then introduce the foreign guests to the welcoming staff. If there are full-time etiquette personnel or receptionists, this work can be done by them or by the person with the highest status among the receptionists. The introduced person should smile, nod or say "hello" and look at each other. In case of foreign guests taking the initiative to hug our staff, they should not be turned away or managed reluctantly, but should generally make corresponding representations.

The internationally recognized order of introduction is that men are introduced to women, young people are introduced to the elderly, subordinates and people with low status are introduced to superiors and people with high status, guests are introduced to hosts, and latecomers are introduced to seniors; In short, the general rule of introduction is to introduce others to people you respect, and the first person nominated shows the greatest respect.

5. Use of business cards

The use of business cards is very common in the world, and it has many functions such as self-introduction. When using business cards in foreign affairs activities, business cards must be printed in Chinese and the foreign language used by the other party or the internationally accepted English. One side is printed in Chinese, the other side is printed in foreign languages, and it is printed in accordance with international practice. As an important tool of international communication, the transmission, acceptance and storage of business cards have certain etiquette norms.

(1) delivery

Generally, people with low status give it to people with high status first, and men give it to women first; If it is sent to many people at the same time, it should be delivered in the order of position. When sending, you should face each other, hold out your hands, smile, look at each other and say generously and sincerely, "This is my business card, please keep it safe."

Business cards should be handed in after the introduction, not in a hurry without knowing the identity of the other party.

(2) Receiving

When you receive a business card, you should stand, stare at each other with a smile, and accept the business card with both hands to express your gratitude. After reading it carefully, address each other according to the name of the business card; You should show great interest in getting to know each other and respect him. You can return your business card. If you don't have or bring your business card, you should apologize to the other party.

(3) storage

After receiving the business card, put it in the business card holder, preferably in the left breast underwear bag, to show respect for the other party. Don't rub, touch, fold, throw, press, throw or insert business cards when you speak.

Section 2 Foreign Affairs Reception and Visiting

The library not only has certain foreign affairs reception tasks, but also may send personnel to visit foreign countries. Both foreign affairs reception and foreign visits serve the development and promotion of cultural exchanges and exchanges at home and abroad, and they should do a good job in all aspects of details. From reception preparation to departure, every step needs careful arrangement, so as to successfully and happily complete the whole reception task and foreign visit and leave a comprehensive and accurate impression on the other party.

I. Preparations for reception and visit

1. Learn about visitors or places to visit, and ask for and prepare necessary information.

The reception work needs to be prepared in advance, including: understanding the guests' visit intentions, requirements and plans for accommodation; Understand the arrival time, train number or flight, and whether it is necessary to pick up the station; Know the name, gender, age, identity, cultural customs, eating habits, religious beliefs, taboos and other information of visitors. According to the first-hand information obtained, study and confirm the reception.

Standardize and determine etiquette activities and take the initiative.

The preparations for the visit are similar. The focus is on understanding special cultural customs, eating habits, religious beliefs, taboo requirements, etc. Place and object of visit. If necessary, prepare the contact information and materials of the contact person of the embassy or travel agency that you can visit or ask for help, as well as the documents, publicity materials and gifts that you need to bring out. In particular, it is necessary to know in detail whether the institutions, places and people you need to go to have any special requirements, so as to make corresponding preparations in advance.

2. Draw up a reception or visit plan

The reception plan refers to the reception specifications and the main activity schedule. Reception specifications are usually determined according to the identity and wishes of visitors, and the etiquette of reception activities is also arranged accordingly. After the schedule is completed, the visitors should be informed and get their consent. Once confirmed, we must strictly follow the plan, and any activities that violate the schedule will reflect that the reception hall is not well prepared and has not fulfilled its obligations. Repeated violations of the schedule, such as changing the visit time and lack of transportation, will make the whole reception work leave a negative impression on visitors. In order to ensure the smooth implementation of the reception plan, the leading cadres in charge of reception in the museum should customize a complete plan for the whole reception work, set the purpose, requirements, content, time and place, and divide the work, with clear responsibilities, and implement it to everyone who implements it. Before each activity, we should carefully implement the vehicle reception, check the venue layout, seating arrangement, and matters that guests may need help. For most libraries in China, there are few opportunities to participate in foreign affairs reception, so the reception staff generally lack relevant experience, and sometimes it is necessary to give necessary guidance and training to those who participate in reception services, such as introducing the general situation, religious beliefs and living customs of the countries where the guests are located. Emphasize service norms and skills; Conduct safety education and so on.

The visit plan includes drawing up the visit schedule, visit items and their purpose requirements, possible accidents and alternative measures, as well as related specific itinerary and route arrangement.