The traditional way to learn calligraphy is to start from Tang Kai, and practice Nanbei Han Liqin seal script on the basis of writing regular script in reverse time. Another way of thinking is that starting from the immature characteristics of young people's hand muscles, we can start from Qin Zhuan, which has not changed much, from cursive script to regular script. These two concepts have their own reasons. However, I think the hard pen calligraphy we learn is essentially different from the brush calligraphy mentioned above. We can't follow its practice method, and we can't be confused by the traditional concept of learning brush first and then learning hard pen. Hard pen is widely used now. If you can't write China's calligraphy well, you can still write well. There is no need to take a detour.
What font should I practice in hard pen writing? In my opinion, starting from the characteristics of young people's hand muscle development and the characteristics of uniform strokes and less changes in hard pen calligraphy, we should start with fonts that never require fast strokes and heavy changes. It is best to print in bold. The beauty of this font mainly lies in its structure. We can master the structure of fonts by trying to figure out and analyzing bold. On this basis, you can choose your favorite font according to your personality and hobbies and practice hard.
2. What should I practice when practicing calligraphy?
First of all, practice your eyesight, that is, read the post carefully. Huang Tingjian, a calligrapher in the Song Dynasty, said: "The ancients learned to write, not all of them copied. They often hang ancient calligraphy works on the wall, watch them intently, and decide to start writing. " Ou Yangxun in the Tang Dynasty found the inscription written by Suo Jing in the Jin Dynasty, and was reluctant to leave, so he sat down and read it for three days. The more posts you read, the higher your horizon, and you will know how to write. There is an idiom called "eyes are superior but eyes are inferior". I think: eye height is the premise of hand height. If you can't find beauty, you don't know what beauty is, let alone create it. Many students think that scribbling is the so-called running script, and the reason why ugliness is beautiful is because "the eyes are superior and the eyes are inferior."
Secondly, we should practice our brains or our hearts. On the basis of careful observation, we should keep well-written model figures firmly in mind and engrave their glyphs deeply in our minds. Whenever the word is mentioned, we can immediately guess the shape of the word on the copybook. Do it with confidence and words in your heart.
Third, we should practice our hands. Practice your eyes and brain to find out how to write words. You can think of the best effect of words in your mind, but it may not be written in your hand, because your brain may not be able to command your hand, and your hand may not be able to command your pen. Hand training is to achieve the consistency of heart and hand and handwriting, so hand training is also very important. Hand training mainly refers to strength, wrist strength and hand feeling. If you write for a long time, you will feel sore fingers, sore wrists, hands that don't work, and exercise more. This phenomenon will disappear. Students who often help teachers copy questions on the blackboard and students who run blackboard newspapers often write quickly and well. This is how their finger strength and wrist strength are trained. Also pay attention to practice the sense of touch, let the brain command the hand, and feel that the pen has become a part of the hand and an extension of the hand. Hands can easily command the pen, think fast, think slow, think light, think heavy, and write whatever effect you want.
Fourth, we should practice structure, because the key to practicing Chinese characters is to master the structure of Chinese characters. The structure of a word refers to the proportion of stroke length and the relationship between strokes. Xie Xiaodong sang in the song "China People": "The favorite character is the square character taught by Mr. Wang, and the square character should be like him …" The square character summarizes the structural characteristics of Chinese characters. I have mastered the structure of Chinese characters, and I have written square and beautiful bold characters. With a little change of strokes, I can write Chinese characters in various fonts, such as Song Ti, Wei Ti, Kai Ti, Imitation Song Ti, Pang Ti, Sima Ti and Li Shu. If you can't master the structure of Chinese characters, no matter how the strokes of Chinese characters are decorated and beautified, they are ugly. Therefore, mastering the structure of characters and writing bold characters is the key and foundation for practicing all fonts.
Fifth, we should practice strokes. Many students have practiced calligraphy. Since they began to practice regular script, they have forgotten many writing rules and only remember pens. As a result, the words written are very cumbersome, like ghost symbols. I advocate practicing in bold, mastering fonts and canceling pens. Let me introduce some common strokes to you, and the common problems that most students have when writing these strokes:
1 o'clock, the pen is transported from the upper left to the lower right, and there is a pen transport process. Note that "points" are also long and cannot be rounded into points.
(2) Put the pen horizontally and divide it equally from left to right. The key is to be "horizontal and vertical", not high at one end and low at the other, nor wavy. The length should be controlled according to the font of the square characters, not too short or too long.
(3) vertical pen, vertical pen from top to bottom. The key is "vertical to be straight", and it can't be skewed left and right, let alone written as a vertical hook. The length should be controlled according to the font of the square characters, not too short or too long.
(4) Left, from the upper right to the lower left, no dots or horizontal left.
⑤ Folding: When writing a folding pen, the folding angle should be square, not round. Don't put the pen heavily on the corner and write it as two obtuse angles from the shoulder, but as a right angle.
The words written in this way, if written with a ballpoint pen, are small round artistic words similar to matchsticks; If you write with a pen, it is in standard bold type. Although the strokes are monotonous, they are beautiful as long as the structure is accurate. Just like squatting is the basic skill of practicing martial arts, horizontal and vertical is the basic skill of writing Chinese characters. Many people can't write well because they are uneven, vertically arranged and inaccurate in structure. If the structure is wrong, no matter how rich the strokes are, you can't write good words.
3. The general steps of writing.
On the basis of practicing bold font, mastering the structure of characters and practicing basic skills, you can choose your favorite font to practice. The process of choosing fonts is called post selection. On the basis of selecting posts, it goes through five steps: reading posts, describing posts, copying posts, carrying posts and creating posts.
The first step is to read the post. We all know the pronunciation of the posted Chinese characters, so we don't need to read them any more. Read what? Read fonts, read structures, read strokes, and analyze the relationship between stroke characteristics and strokes of Chinese characters. For example, when we read the word "Zhong" in bold, we should read that a vertical line of the word "Zhong" passes through the middle of the word "Kou", and the horizontal length of the word "Kou" is slightly flat. The long vertical line in the middle is divided into two sections with the same length by the lower horizontal line of the word "Kou", and the upper horizontal line of the word "Kou" is divided into two sections with the same length. This is an interpretation of glyphs and structures. Different fonts and strokes have different characteristics. The changes of strokes in hard pen calligraphy are not obvious, and it is not easy for middle school students to master them, so I won't say much here.
The second step is tracking. "Tracing" refers to tracing red, that is, beginners use a blue pen to trace the printed red copybook along the handwriting. "Imitation" refers to copying the post, that is, covering the model words with transparent paper and writing them one by one along the shadow of the words on the paper, which is also called writing imitation.
The third step is to post. It means to put the copybook aside and watch the copybook written on the homework paper word by word. This method is helpful to master the brushwork and meaning of Chinese characters, but it is not easy to master the structure of Chinese characters.
The fourth step is to recite the post. Refers to the method of removing the copybook on the basis of copying, recalling the font on the copybook according to your own memory and writing it on the homework paper. This is a key step in practicing calligraphy. Only by carefully examining the words you read and write, can you write accurately. When writing, if you can see the exact font of the Chinese characters to be written on white paper, so that "the words are on the paper and the words are on the chest", it is not a problem to write a good hand.
The fifth step is creation. On the basis of mastering the writing method of the words on the copybook, I learned the writing method of the words not on the copybook by analogy. According to the needs of self-expression, writing a paragraph with center, content and self-contained system is creation.
If you can write a word close to copybook in your daily study life, the purpose of calligraphy practice for middle school students will be achieved.
4. Precautions for practicing calligraphy
Let me talk about some problems that should be paid attention to when practicing calligraphy:
The first problem is the choice of writing tools. "If a worker wants to do a good job, he must first get his tools." Whether it is a pen or a ballpoint pen, choose a good pen with smooth writing and uniform line thickness. The ink is too light to recognize; The ink is too dark, giving people a sense of oppression. In the exam, it often affects the mood of the marking teacher and causes unnecessary loss of points, so the ink color of the handwriting is blue and black.
The second question: Pay attention to the posture and method of writing when practicing calligraphy. Since most middle school students use ballpoint pens now, I will take ballpoint pens as an example to talk about writing posture and writing methods. When writing with a ballpoint pen, sit in a sitting position, so that your head should be straight, your body should be straight, your arms should be open, and your feet should be safe. Because the words written by ballpoint pen are small, the activity of the pen tip should be in the area with the best visual effect. Generally, the right hand holds the pen, and the position of the pen should be slightly to the right. The eyes are about 30cm away from the paper, and the chest is about10cm away from the table. Stretch your arms naturally and lay your forearms flat on the table. Press the left and right sides of the penholder with the fingertips of thumb and forefinger respectively, the left side of the first joint of middle finger is close to the lower part of the penholder, and the ring finger and little finger naturally bend into a semi-clenched fist to press against the middle finger in turn, which plays a control role in the municipality directly under the central government. The distance between the thumb and the pen tip is about 4 cm. The pen holder leans against the tiger's mouth and forms an angle of 45-60 degrees with the paper. The smaller the word, the bigger the angle. If you write with a pen, you should also pay attention to the outside of the pen tip and the inside of the pen tongue, so that the middle seam of the pen tip touches the paper surface to ensure uniform water discharge and smooth lines.
The third question: you should be calm when practicing calligraphy, and you should not be impetuous and perfunctory from beginning to end. When you write, you should be meticulous, and every stroke should be true. When someone is practicing calligraphy, they like to scribble before they finish. This kind of scribbling is a taboo for practicing calligraphy, which not only damages the life of the pen tip, but also makes the progress that has just been made go up in smoke for a long time.
Fourth question: Don't change fonts easily. To practice calligraphy, you should have perseverance and perseverance, and you should practice solid basic skills. Practice calligraphy often, you can't fish for three days and dry the net for two days. Note: practice kung fu for one day, not ten days a day. On the basis of mastering the font structure, you can choose your favorite font and keep practicing. Don't change the font easily. Because once you change the font, you have to practice from the beginning.
The fifth question: we should combine learning with application and practice with writing. Some students write well when practicing calligraphy, but they are blind when writing homework. They can never practice writing well. You usually use the words you have practiced, so write as well as you practiced. Only by practicing and using one can both middle schools and schools be used, and the combination of learning and using can be practiced well.
Sixth question: Teachers in all subjects should pay close attention and cooperate closely. One is that teachers should write standardized words, and the other is to encourage students to practice. Students who scribble their homework should be criticized, educated and corrected. It is not only the responsibility of Chinese teachers to urge students to practice calligraphy, but also the responsibility of every teacher.
5. There are three realms in practicing calligraphy.
Everyone has read Jin Yong's novel "the legendary swordsman", in which there is an incisive exposition about practicing swords: When beginners start practicing, they use their hands to make swords, and sometimes the swords don't listen to him, and even hurt themselves. After practicing for a period of time, fencing has reached a higher level, combining hand and sword, making swords with heart and acting with heart. The highest state of fencing is the unity of heart and sword, without sword and without me. All gestures are swords, all flying flowers and leaves are swords, and a thin embroidery needle can also resist three swordsmen. This kind of fencing can be said to have reached a superb level.
The same is true of writing. In the primary stage of practicing calligraphy, we also use our hands to make pens. There is a process from never listening to hands to being proficient, which can be further developed to the realm of pen and hand integration. At this time, when writing, I feel that the pen is a part of my hand, not writing with a pen, but writing by hand. As long as we practice hard, we can reach this level.
The second realm of calligraphy practice is to write with your heart, to integrate your heart with your pen, and to be happy with your pen. What he wrote was what he thought. When he reaches this level, his calligraphy level can be said to be a small achievement. All of us, including me, should work hard towards this goal.
The third realm of calligraphy practice is to learn from nature, without me and without a pen. Many famous great calligraphers in ancient times were like this. For example, Wang Xizhi saw the posture of the white goose swimming in the water and realized the gesture of "floating goose hook"; Zhang Xu saw that the lantern-bearer was fighting for the road and Gong Sundaniang was dancing with a sword, from which he realized the relationship between the struggle and interpenetration of structural stippling and the quickness and rhythm of using a pen, which greatly enriched his writing style of Crazy Grass. Looking at the waves in Xia Yun, Huai Su realized the majestic cursive script and the trend of tumbling down the river; Yan Zhenqing understood the slowness and exertion of using a pen by observing the leaks in the house and drawing sand with an awl. This is the ideal state for us to practice calligraphy. When we reach this state, whether we have a pen or not, whether we have a soft pen or a hard pen, even a dead branch or a broken broom, we can write wonderful calligraphy works.
Let's write with our heart, not just by hand, and work hard towards this ideal realm!
Let's talk about the fourth question first: how do I practice writing?
At first, I read Yan's inscription with a brush. Later, I found a 99-day calligraphy book, which featured 99 representative Chinese characters and asked practitioners to practice one, remember one and learn one every day. After 99 days of practice, you can write 99 Chinese characters, and all other Chinese characters can be written. I found these Chinese characters from the north, one every day, and practiced hard, and made obvious progress in less than a month.
Later, some students said that my Facebook style was very "Yan", but it was very soft and weak, because I couldn't do "middle pen" when I started writing, and I often dragged my pen. This classmate is a man with a high eye but a low hand. He found my mistake, but he couldn't help me correct it. I asked for advice in many ways, carefully observed how others wrote, and finally found this trick: it turns out that when others write, they often twist the pen, making the pen tip rotate with the sketch, always in the middle of the strokes, thus achieving the "middle stroke."
Later, another classmate of mine told me: "Your handwriting is very standard, but it is not beautiful when combined, mainly because of the wrong structure." If you want to master the structure of Chinese characters, you might as well learn to write bold characters with strokes like matchsticks. Only when the structure is right can it be beautiful. "So I dipped my brush in water and practiced on the floor according to the bold headlines of newspaper news. Soon I mastered the writing in bold, and wrote big slogans for some classes. I found that after learning boldface, many untrained fonts can be written with a little practice of their basic strokes. This is why I advise students to practice boldly today. 1993 won the third prize in the painting and calligraphy contest organized by Shijiazhuang Municipal Education Commission. Now I often help my colleagues to send posters and write big characters, which not only consolidates the effect of practicing calligraphy but also improves the writing level, helping others and cultivating myself.
Above, we talked about the methods and precautions of practicing calligraphy. If you do as I say, I think you will make progress, because I have achieved good results in guiding students to practice calligraphy. Finally, let me talk about this problem.
As a Chinese teacher, we should not only write well by ourselves, but also guide students to write well. In order to make students write well, I once asked students to write "one word a day". After practice, 98-year-old Li Chao has reached a high level in learning Pang Zhonghua-style pen calligraphy, and Niu Kunpeng's pen calligraphy is rigorous and self-contained. I have also given many calligraphy lectures for students and organized students to participate in calligraphy competitions for many times. Hu Zhanxiong and Li Mo, students of Class 200 1, won prizes in the "Star of the Century" calligraphy competition. Now, I carry out the activity of evaluating "star-rated writing experts" among students, and the students are very enthusiastic about practicing calligraphy. Sun Ruijing, a three-star writing expert, not only writes neatly and clearly, but also achieves a writing speed of more than 50 words per minute.
Finally, I want to tell you that it is not difficult to write beautiful Chinese characters. As long as you practice your handwriting with your heart, you will always succeed. When you see dignified and beautiful Chinese characters flowing from your pen, when you see pages of neat and clear homework being born in your pen, when you see red tick marks and "excellent" in the exercise book, don't you think writing Chinese characters well is also an artistic enjoyment? Let's walk into the art world of China's calligraphy and splash ink with our heart!
References:
Voice of education