Classification and composition of industrial and civil building engineering training summary: the composition of single-storey industrial workshop The structural composition of single-storey industrial workshop is generally divided into two types. The load-bearing structure of the wall is a load-bearing structure with bricks and brick columns on the outer wall. Frame load-bearing structure is a load-bearing structure composed of reinforced concrete members or steel members.
Classification and composition training of industrial and civil building engineering
1, master the classification, composition and structure of industrial and civil construction projects;
2, familiar with the classification, composition and structure of roads, bridges and culverts;
3. Understand the classification, composition and structure of underground construction projects.
Industrial and civil construction engineering
Civil buildings for people to study, live, work and live include residential buildings and public buildings.
Industrial buildings refer to all kinds of ancillary buildings for production and service. Single-storey and multi-storey industrial workshops, mixed-storey industrial workshops
Agricultural buildings refer to seed banks, tractor stations and other houses used for agricultural production.
I. Classification and composition of industrial and civil construction projects
(A) the classification of industrial buildings
1. Depending on the number of layers.
(1) single-storey factory building.
(2) Multi-storey factory buildings. The common floors are two to six. Commonly used in: food, electronics, precision instrument industries.
(3) Mixed-level workshops. Commonly used in: chemical industry, thermal power station.
2. It is divided into six items according to the purpose.
3. According to the number and direction of spans: single-span workshops, multi-span workshops and criss-crossing workshops.
4. According to the span size
(1) small span. Refers to a single-storey industrial factory building less than or equal to 12m. The structural type of this kind of workshop is mainly masonry structure.
(2) Long span. Refers to 15-36m single-storey industrial workshop.
Among them, the workshop of 15-30m is mainly reinforced concrete structure, and when the span exceeds 36m, it is mainly steel structure.
5. According to the production situation, it is divided into cold working workshops. Hot working workshop. Constant temperature and humidity workshop. Clean workshop. Workshops under other special conditions.
(B) the composition of a single-storey industrial plant
The structural composition of single-storey industrial workshops is generally divided into two types.
The load-bearing structure of the wall is a load-bearing structure with bricks and brick columns on the outer wall.
Frame load-bearing structure is a load-bearing structure composed of reinforced concrete members or steel members. The skeleton of the factory building consists of the following parts, and the wall only plays the role of enclosure.
1, roof structure
Comprise a roof panel, a roof truss (or a roof beam), a skylight frame and a bracket.
Roof truss (roof beam) is the main load-bearing component of the roof structure, and the roof truss (roof beam) leans against the columns.
2. Crane beam
The crane beam is placed on the bracket protruding from the column, and the crane beam transfers the load to the column.
Force on the crane beam: self-weight of the crane, maximum lifting weight of the crane, and impulse generated when the crane brakes.
3. The column bears the load and transfers the load to the foundation.
4. The foundation bears all the loads acting on the column and part of the wall load on the foundation beam, and these loads are transferred from the foundation to the foundation. The foundation adopts independent foundation.
5. Exterior wall enclosure system
Including external walls, wind-resistant columns, wall beams and foundation beams around the factory building.
The loads borne by these components mainly include: the dead weight of the wall and components, the wind load acting on the wall, etc.
6. Support system
The support system consists of two parts: inter-column support and roof support. Its function is to strengthen the overall spatial stiffness and stability of the factory building structure, and mainly transfer the horizontal wind load and the punching force generated by the crane.
(3) Classification of civil buildings
1. According to the scale and number of buildings: a large number of buildings. Large building.
2. According to the number and height of the building.
(1) Low-rise building: 1-3 floors.
(2) Multi-storey building: 4-6 floors.
(3) Middle and high-rise buildings: 7-9 floors.
(4) High-rise buildings: buildings with more than 10 floors or a height of more than 28m.
(5) Super high-rise building: the building above the loom.
3. According to the main load-bearing structural material: wood structure. Brick and wood structure. Reinforced concrete structure. Steel structure.
4. According to the bearing mode of the structure
(1) wall load-bearing structure. Use walls to support loads from floors and roofs.
(2) skeleton load-bearing structure. The skeleton composed of columns, beams and plates bears the load, and the wall only plays the role of enclosure.
(3) The load-bearing structure of the internal skeleton. The inside is supported by columns, beams and plates, and the outside is supported by brick walls.
(4) Spatial structure. Space grids, suspended cables and various types of shells are used to bear the load.
5. According to the construction method, it is divided into cast-in-place, cast-in-place masonry, partial cast-in-place masonry, partial assembly, partial cast-in-place, partial assembly and full assembly.
(4) the structural composition of civil buildings
Buildings are generally composed of six parts: foundation, wall or column, floor, stairs, roof and doors and windows.
1. basis
The foundation is a load-bearing component, located at the lowest part of the building, which bears all the loads of the building and transmits them to the foundation.
2. Walls and columns
The wall plays the role of supporting, enclosing and separating.
The load-bearing wall bears the load from the roof and floor, and adds its own weight to the foundation;
When columns bear loads, the walls between columns only play the role of enclosure and separation;
As an enclosure component, the external wall plays a role in resisting the influence and destruction of various factors in nature;
3. Floor and floor
The floor divides the whole building into several floors, which is a horizontal load-bearing component of the building, bears the load acting on it, transmits it to the walls and columns together with its own weight, and supports the walls horizontally;
The first floor directly bears all kinds of service loads on it and transmits them to the foundation, and also plays the role of heat preservation, heat insulation and waterproof.
Step 4: Roof
It is the envelope structure and load-bearing component at the top of the building, and consists of two parts: the roof layer and the load-bearing structure layer. The structural layer bears all the loads of the roof and transfers these loads to the walls and columns.
5. stairs
6. Doors, windows and doors are part of the building envelope.
For more information about project/service/procurement bidding, and to improve the winning rate, please click on the bottom of official website Customer Service for free consultation:/#/? source=bdzd