Classification of management methods. Management methods can be classified according to the following signs: (1) According to the principle of action, they can be divided into economic methods, administrative methods, legal methods and sociological psychological methods; (2) According to the universality of management methods, it can be divided into general management methods and specific management methods. (3) According to the quantification degree of methods, it can be divided into qualitative management methods and quantitative management methods. (1) Economic method refers to the method of relying on interests to drive and using economic means to promote the realization of management objectives by regulating and influencing the material needs of the managed.

Features:

1. Benefit-driven 2. Universality 3. insist on

Limitations: There may be obvious negative forms: price, tax, credit, economic accounting, profit, salary, bonus, fine, quota management, management responsibility system, etc. 2) Administrative method refers to the method of relying on administrative authority and using administrative means to directly command and coordinate management objects.

Features:

1. required 2. Direct 3. Vertical 4. Freedom restriction: due to compulsory intervention, it is easy to cause psychological resistance of the managed person: command, instruction, planning, command, supervision, inspection, coordination, etc. (3) The statutory method refers to the method of strictly restricting the managed object to work for the realization of organizational goals with the help of national regulations and organizational systems.

Features:

1. Highly mandatory 2. Normative restriction: restriction is the difficulty and lack of flexibility in application under special circumstances. Form: national laws and regulations, internal rules and regulations of the organization, justice and arbitration, etc. (4) Sociological psychology refers to the method of mobilizing the enthusiasm of management objects through education, encouragement and communication with the help of sociological and psychological principles.

Features:

1. Voluntary 2. Persistent limitations: the limitations are mainly manifested in the forms that are difficult to adapt to emergencies: publicity and education, ideological communication, various forms of incentives, etc.

What are the main methods of management?

What is management?

Management is a human-centered coordination activity in social organizations to achieve the expected goals. Generally includes four meanings:

1. Management is an activity to achieve the future goals of the organization.

2. The essence of management is coordination.

3. Management exists in the organization.

4. The focus of management work is the manager.

In other words, management is the formulation, implementation, inspection and improvement. Formulation means making a plan, and execution means doing it according to the plan, that is, execution; Inspection is to compare the implementation process or results with the plan, sum up experience and find out the gap; The first improvement is to popularize the experience summed up through inspection and turn the experience into a long-term mechanism or new regulations; Third, correct the problems found in the inspection and formulate corrective and preventive measures.

Any kind of management activity must be composed of the following four basic elements, namely: 1, management subject (who is responsible) 2, (management object (what is responsible) 3, organizational purpose (why is responsible) 4, organizational environment or conditions (under what circumstances).

What are the management methods?

(A) Administrative management methods

Meaning: It is a method that relies on the authority of the administrative organization and uses administrative means such as instructions, regulations, rules and orders to conduct management activities step by step according to the administrative system.

Features: authority, compulsion, stability, concreteness and class nature.

(2) Legal management methods

Meaning: it is a method of management by using legal norms and various behavior rules similar to legal norms.

Features: class, generality, standardization and compulsion.

(3) Economic management methods

Meaning: refers to the method of management by using economic leverage and economic means according to the requirements of objective laws.

Features: fun, diversity and class.

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The importance of management

As we all know, the normal operation of a company inevitably needs some management. As the saying goes, "Fiona Fang can't be made without rules".

To sum up, the importance of management is mainly manifested in the following two aspects:

First of all, management enables the organization to function normally.

Management is the prerequisite for the normal operation of all organizations. Any organized collective activity, regardless of its nature, can only be carried out in the required direction under the management of managers.

An organization is composed of its various elements, and these elements interact to produce its overall function. The role of organizational elements depends on management. Manage and coordinate the activities of all parts of the organization and adapt the organization to the environment. In a band, an inaccurate tone will destroy the harmony of the whole band and affect the whole performance. Similarly, in an organization, without management, it is impossible to cooperate with each other and achieve the set goals, and even the existence of this organization is impossible. The effect of collective activities depends largely on the management level of the organization.

An organization's requirements and dependence on management are closely related to the size of the organization. The larger the scale of labor, the finer and more complex the division of labor and cooperation, and the more important the management work. Generally speaking, if there is a certain division of labor and cooperation in handicraft enterprises, management becomes an indispensable condition for production. However, if the production scale of handicraft enterprises is small, the production technology and division of labor are relatively simple, and the management work is relatively simple. Modern large-scale industrial production is not only complicated in production technology, but also strict in division of labor and cooperation, with a high degree of specialization and socialization, a wider range of social contacts and a higher level of management.

In short, the higher the degree of socialization of production and the finer the division of labor and cooperation, the stricter and more scientific management is needed. The bigger the organizational system, the more complicated the management problem. The huge modern production system needs a high level of management, otherwise it will not work normally.

What are the scientific management methods?

Scientific management, also known as classical management theory, was put forward by American management scientist Taylor, who is a leading figure in scientific management. To sum up, scientific management is: science, not just relying on experience; Harmony, not cooperation; Cooperation, not individualism; Change the limited output into the maximum output, and everyone will exert the maximum work efficiency and achieve the greatest success, that is, change the low-cost production mode into the high-efficiency production mode.

Main contents of scientific management methods

Through scientific observation, recording and analysis, we are committed to "time action research" to explore the best way to improve labor productivity and work out a reasonable daily workload.

② Select and train first-class workers. The so-called first-class workers refer to workers who are suitable for a certain job and are willing to work hard.

(3) Make workers master standardized operation methods, use standardized tools, machines and materials, and operate in a standardized working environment.

(4) Adopt * * * wage system to encourage workers to work hard. This is mainly achieved by setting a reasonable work quota and implementing a differential piece-rate wage system: normal remuneration for completing tasks, low remuneration for failing to meet standards, and high remuneration for exceeding standards, which are measured according to work performance.

Both workers and employers should have a "spiritual revolution". The two sides cooperate to improve labor productivity and make the "cake" bigger, even if the distribution ratio is not changed, which is beneficial to both sides. Both employers and employees should work together to improve labor productivity.

⑥ Separate the planning function from the execution function, and replace the empirical working method with the scientific working method.

All landowners implement functional foreman system. The foreman is responsible for functional management on the one hand and detailed production process management on the other.

⑧ Implement the exception principle in management control. In other words, daily affairs are authorized by subordinates, and managers only reserve the right to dispose of exceptions or major events.

What are the methods of enterprise management?

Ha ha.

The question you ask is the question of the sea! Because there are too many mature and commonly used management methods, what's more, with the development of economy, new management theories are constantly updated, management methods are also increasing, and the old management methods are gradually eliminated.

Macroscopically, the management methods of enterprises include administrative methods, economic methods, institutional methods and educational methods.

To put it bluntly, there are behavior management, people-oriented management, quality management and so on.

Specific management tools are: ISO9000 family standard is a management tool. Small ones are PDCA cycle, 5W 1H, six sigma and so on.

In addition, some people named "Top Ten Most Popular Enterprise Management Tools in China". In fact, this ranking is unscientific and unfounded. You can refer to:

customer relationship management

Methods to improve quality

Customer segmentation

Non-core function

Competitive advantage skills

strategic planning

operation flow

Key strategic assets

Knowledge management is a management tool, which enables enterprises to acquire intellectual capital, a key strategic asset, and share it internally.

The way to achieve the goal

What are the management skills?

Six abilities that managers should possess:

1, communication skills. In order to understand the interaction of employees in the organization and listen to the voices of employees, a manager needs to have good communication skills, of which "being good at listening" is the most important. Only in this way can subordinates not alienate themselves from Germany or dare to put forward constructive suggestions and requirements. Managers can also know whether their communication skills are successful through their subordinates' sense of identity, understanding and * * *.

2. Coordination ability. Managers should be sensitive to the emotions of their subordinates and establish channels for persuasion and venting. Don't wait until the opposition deepens and the contradictions expand before rushing to deal with them. In addition, managers should resolutely solve serious conflicts or contradictory events that may expand the opposite. Even when the situation is unclear, we should take immediate measures to cool down and use appropriate and effective strategies to resolve conflicts immediately after we understand the situation. As long as we master the preemptive right and the initiative to eliminate contradictions, any form of opposition can be easily solved.

3. Planning and integration ability. Managers' planning ability focuses not on short-term strategic planning, but on long-term planning. In other words, a good manager must have a vision, have a vision, can't see the present but can't see the future, and let employees know the company's vision in time, so as not to let employees lose their way. Especially in decision-making and planning, we should properly use the integration ability, effectively use the wisdom of subordinates and existing resources, and avoid manpower waste.

4, decision-making and execution ability. In the democratic era, although there are many things suitable for collective decision-making, managers often have to make independent decisions, including allocating work, coordinating manpower and solving employee disputes. This often tests the decision-making ability of managers.

5. Training ability. Managers must be eager to have a strong work team, therefore, cultivating outstanding talents has become an important task for managers.

6. Control ability. There is a saying: "A leader will not set up an enterprise, but he will set up an organization to set up an enterprise." According to this statement, the prerequisite for being a manager is to be able to build a team in order to further establish an enterprise. But no matter how complicated and changeable the role of managers is, winning the trust of employees is the first condition.

The management skills that managers need mainly include:

1, technical skills

Technical skill refers to the understanding and proficiency of a specific activity, especially the skills related to methods, processes, procedures or technologies. Including professional knowledge, analytical ability within the professional scope and the ability to flexibly use the professional tools and skills. Technical skills mainly involve the work of "things" (processes or tangible objects).

2. Personnel skills

Personnel skills refer to a person's administrative ability to work effectively as a team member, and the ability to establish cooperative efforts in the team he leads, that is, cooperation and team spirit, and create a good atmosphere so that employees can freely express their personal views without scruple. Managers' personnel skills refer to the leadership, motivation and communication skills that managers should have to accomplish organizational goals.

3. Ideological skills

Ideological skills include: "the ability to regard the enterprise as a whole, including identifying various interdependent functions in the organization, how the change of one part affects all other parts, and then affects the relationship between individual enterprises and industries, associations and the overall political, social and economic power of the country." That is, the ability to take the overall situation into account, judge important factors and understand the relationship between these factors.

4. Design skills

Design skills refer to the ability to solve problems in various ways that are beneficial to the interests of the organization. Top managers, in particular, should not only find problems, but also have the ability to find a practical solution to a problem like excellent designers. If managers can only see the existence of problems, but only "people who see problems", they are unqualified managers. Managers must also have the ability to find feasible solutions according to the current situation.

The relative importance of these skills to managers at different management levels is different. The importance of technical skills and personnel skills gradually decreases from low to high according to the organizational level of managers, while ideological skills and design skills are the opposite. For grass-roots managers, having technical skills is the most important, and having personnel skills is also very helpful in frequent communication with subordinates. When the manager's organizational level in the organization develops from the grassroots to the middle and high level, with the decrease of the number and frequency of his direct contact with subordinates, the importance of personnel skills gradually decreases. In other words, for middle managers, the requirements for technical skills have dropped, while the requirements for ideological skills have risen, and personnel skills are still very important. But for top managers, ideological skills and design skills are particularly important, while the requirements for technical skills and personnel skills are relatively low. Of course, the relationship between management skills and organizational level is not absolute, and some factors such as the size of the organization will also have a certain impact on it.

What are the methods of site management?

On-the-spot management method-Enjoy the article * * *: Once there is a problem in the on-site operation of "three-in-one" on-site management, you should go to the "spot" immediately, observe the "reality" impromptu (spot) and deal with the "spot" immediately. So as to get to the point of the problem and make a decision to solve the problem, the instructions for site management should be clear (5W 1H method), who, when, what, where and why) and how), and the visual management of the job site will affect the progress of the job site, and the inventory and quality of materials or semi-finished products are poor.

Let everyone have a good or bad state, even new employees can quickly narrow the quality difference in their homework. "A, B, C" of site management. Write down what you saw and felt at the scene.

Divide the parts that don't meet your own opinions or requirements into three levels: A, B and C, and decide that A will improve tomorrow, B will improve after one week and C will improve after one month. Communicate with relevant person in charge.

Go back to the site every time and check the progress until you are satisfied. NODEEM site management cycle neatness-neatness-order-decoration-beauty-efficiency-cost-result morale-morale site management 7P operation perfection cycle refers to a set of perfect operation methods to find and repair the blind spots and vacuum of site management by checking the deviation between operation standards and operation target points.

The minefield control method of field management refers to the insurmountable area where field managers should fully understand the management concept and operation method of managing fields; Operation methods of reasonable avoidance or exclusion. On-site management implements TPM total production management, and the goal is to pursue the limit of production system efficiency (comprehensive efficiency).

From the change of consciousness to the use of various effective means to build a system that can prevent all disasters, defects and waste. From the production department to all departments such as development, business and management.

Full participation from top leaders to front-line operators. One of the best on-site management in one place for safekeeping.

Deal with it in one day (what can be done today, what can be done today). Folders (folders in a volume).

An hour's meeting. A piece of paper (the report is fully expressed in one page).

One minute phone call. One original (no need to copy, just keep the original).

A tool (without tools, or simplified to one). The focus of the "Key Guidance" training content in on-site management is made in the form of charts, articles or diagrams, so that students can see at a glance and learn and accept it easily.

The management of on-site consultation mainly refers to the standardization, principle and simplification of information, so as to provide fast and correct information for the production site and solve problems effectively. When to use "red card" in site management and arrange unqualified; Objects that need continuous improvement; Objects that need to be cleaned; The purpose of the article is unknown; Deterioration, deterioration and badness of articles; Dirty and unclean items; Unfinished events or problems.

Prediction and judgment of minor defects in field production management. Look with your eyes: whether there is shaking or deviation; Smell it with your nose: Is there any strange smell? Listen with your ears: Is there any strange sound? Touch by hand: whether there is abnormal heating or vibration in all parts of the equipment body. Several common methods of workshop site management. Cockroach search method: In some inconspicuous places, some hidden things may be piled up.

Check-up method: Maybe you will see the wires stuck on the ceiling at this time! Downward inspection method: there may be unattended rags on equipment and pipelines. The law of finding things that you can't bear to throw away.

After-hours inspection method. Q: How to manage personnel identification on site? Different wearing: a. Armband, armband and epaulettes. Those who are qualified for registration must wear the registration stamp; B work card color personnel number, and should add the position and qualification after the name.

Wear different clothes: a. Skilled workers and unskilled workers wear different clothes; B. what kind of clothes to wear for what position. Photography of organization members: draw the organization structure, paste my photo in the corresponding position and post it on the billboard.

Q: What is field control point management? Some operating points in production can promote or restrict the efficiency or quality of the whole operation process, which is the key operating point. Control it, and you may control the whole line.

There is also such a key point in management behavior. Grasping it and implementing comprehensive and effective control is the management method of control point operation site. Q: Site safety management? On-site safety management mainly uses people's vision of color * * * to realize warning and take it as a criterion to judge behavior, so as to achieve the purpose of danger prediction.

Q: When do you need to improve the layout? When the current layout has hindered the further improvement of production efficiency, it is necessary to improve the layout. When the production process changes, it is necessary to make corresponding layout settings to bring greater benefits into play, and the layout needs to be improved.

When the design (process) changes, it is necessary to improve the layout accordingly to bring into play the benefits. When output increases, the layout needs to be improved.

When adding new models, the layout needs to be improved. When the website is relocated, the layout needs to be improved.

When the safety of personnel is endangered, the layout needs to be improved. Q: How does site management deal with pollution and leakage? Clarify the targets of pollution sources; Clean; Investigate pollution sources; Determine the key parts with the most serious pollution; Investigate in detail why there is pollution; Countermeasure review; Formulate implementation plans and implement countermeasures; Implement treatment.

Q: How to manage the on-site canteen and dormitory? Dining room staff must wear clean clothes, white overalls, sanitary caps and towels. The floor is clean, and there are no meals, sundries, foreign objects and peculiar smells in the space.

Cookware is bright and clean, and the pool, pot table and cooking window sill are clean and free of oil stains. There is no dirt, food residue, garbage, insects and flies in the dead corner.

Cooking utensils, bowls and chopsticks should be placed neatly, and meals should be covered. Drinking items such as bowls and spoons are not allowed to be hung on the windowsill.

Tables and stools are clean and free of oil stains. There is no garbage in the dormitory corridor. The garbage should be put in the designated trash can, not piled up.

What are the common management methods?

The prevalence of value management capital management in China's business circles is a leap from "physical management" to "value management". With more and more enterprises being allowed to go public, the value (market value) of listed companies in the stock market has become a more important measure than the traditional concept of asset value. Accounting standards, financial indicators and other "enterprise evaluation systems" will inevitably be constantly updated.

systems management

In the new management era, due to the complex and changeable competitive environment, only by allocating all the resources of the enterprise as a whole and coordinating the actions of all levels, departments and posts in the enterprise, as well as the actions between the head office and branches, subsidiaries, product suppliers and distribution service providers and related partners, can we form a competitive advantage and realize the enterprise goals. Therefore, the management of the new era must be holistic and systematic.

Computerized management

Computer has become a productivity tool in 2 1 century. To this end, the "computerized enterprise" adapted to the trend of the times came into being. For example, at present, Beijing UFIDA Software Group, the largest financial and enterprise management software company in China, has launched UFIDA financial software according to the national torch plan, with more than 654.38+million users in China. China's enterprises and their management can enter the era of computerization without much difference from developed countries.

International management

The internationalization of enterprises has put forward new problems for enterprises and their management, and formed another feature of the new management era in China. Internationalized enterprises are not only influenced by social factors such as international market policies, culture and laws, but also undergo major changes in management, including financial capital operation, accounting system, quality system and marketing network. General management

All enterprises, big or small, public or private, domestic or foreign, can only survive and develop in competition. There is competition between big groups and small restaurants. State-owned enterprises must rely on competition, while private enterprises, township enterprises and foreign-funded enterprises can only win regeneration through competition. To compete, there must be management, so the new economic era is an era that generally needs a higher level of management.

Humanized management enterprise leaders should abandon the traditional management methods in the past and develop humanistic management in the direction of "people-oriented management". Humanized management is a management that pays equal attention to emotion, reason and law, but it is certainly not a laissez-faire management.

democratic management

The management goal is to do a good job. Leaders should understand the reciprocal relationship, be broad-minded, listen with their ears and be willing to listen. This is the way of democracy. After employees are respected, they can show it through their own abilities, which is the source of productivity.

Timely management of the 265438+20th century is an era of quick success and instant benefit. From taking a series of work-production-innovation-sales-service, we should pay attention to timely coordination and solve problems everywhere. Time is money, production and sales are smooth, and zero inventory can be achieved in order to compete with peers.

process management

Quality is visible, technology is the key, and quality is achieved through the following aspects: 1. Carefully planned; 2. Enthusiastic execution; 3. Enlightened comments; 4. Take immediate measures to correct the problem.

What are the research methods of management science?

The research methods of management lay particular stress on empirical analysis, normative analysis, case analysis (which can also be classified as empirical analysis), chart analysis, econometrics and system analysis, which means that analysis is a very important method.

1. Comparative research method: By studying the similarities and differences of different management theories or methods, summarize their advantages and disadvantages, so as to learn from or summarize the management laws with universal guiding significance.

2. Quantitative research method: Using natural science knowledge, grasp the internal quantitative relationship between management activities and management phenomena, and seek the method of its quantitative law.

3. Historical research method: summarize the management practice, management thoughts and management theories of predecessors, find out the things with regularity, and realize the method of making the past serve the present.

4. Case study method: Through combing and systematic analysis of typical management cases in reality, we can master different means to deal with problems in different situations, so as to master management principles and improve management skills.

5. Integrate theory with practice: apply the existing management theories and methods to practice, test the correctness and feasibility of these theories and methods through practice, and constantly sum up new theories and methods in practice.

Management is a science that systematically studies the basic laws and general methods of management activities. Management is produced to meet the needs of modern socialized mass production. Its purpose is to study how to improve the productivity level under the existing conditions through the reasonable organization and allocation of human, financial and material resources. Management is a comprehensive interdisciplinary subject.

The research object of management science is management activities and management processes.

What are the basic methods of workshop management?

Eight basic methods of site management

1, three straight and three present methods. Namely "instant scene, instant product, instant phenomenon". The purpose is to help managers in the production site correct the correct management style, accurately grasp the problems, find out the truth, implement the most effective countermeasures and solve practical problems on the spot.

2.5W2H method. It is a comprehensive analysis method, which is suitable for solving problems. What is this? What place (where)? What time (what)? Who is it? Why? How? How much is it? How much is it? 5.3 PDCA method. Deming model, put forward by Dr. Deming in the United States, is called plan)-do)-check)-action. Closed-loop management, interlocking and continuous improvement.

3. Visual management. That is, a management method that causes people's consciousness to change through vision. Three elements of vision: anyone can see whether it is good or bad (abnormal), can judge quickly, with high accuracy, and the judgment results will not vary from person to person. Visual level 3. Primary level: Ability to express and understand the present situation. Intermediate: anyone can judge whether it is good or not. Advanced: management methods (exception handling, etc. ) It is all listed.

4. Kanban management. It is a manifestation of management visualization, that is, showing data and information at a glance, mainly for transparent management activities of management projects, especially information. It reveals the information hidden in documents, in the brain or on the spot through slogans, status boards, charts, electronic screens and other forms. , so that anyone can grasp the management status and necessary information in time, so as to quickly formulate and implement countermeasures. For example, the planning module of Nissin liquidation can update information at any time. Therefore, management kanban is a very effective and intuitive means to find and solve problems.

5. Fixed location management. That is to say, in order to locate and classify items, it is easy to find items. Where there are things, there must be areas, and where there are areas, there must be classifications, and the classifications must be listed. There are two ways to combine people and things. One is the direct combination, which is relatively rare, such as pens and glasses for personal use. The second is indirect combination, which can only be combined through certain information. People and things have three combined states.

A state: that is, people and things are in a state of close integration, things that people need can be obtained at will, and things are closely integrated with people.

B state: people and things are in a state of searching. At this time, people can't get what they have when they need it. They need to look everywhere and waste some time looking.

C status: it is something that doesn't work for people, or something that is not needed at the scene. The purpose of fixed management is to prohibit state C, constantly improve state B, make it reach state A, and try to keep state A. ..

6.5S management. 5S is the abbreviation of sorting, rectifying, sweeping, cleaning and literacy. 5S activity is a basic activity, which is the basis of all activities on site. Tidy up. Divide everything in the workplace into necessary and unnecessary things, clearly and strictly separate the necessary and unnecessary things, and get rid of the unnecessary things as soon as possible. Correct. After finishing, the necessary items left at the scene are sorted and placed neatly. Clear quantity and effective identification. Sweep it. Clean the workplace and keep it clean and bright. Clean. Institutionalize and standardize the implementation of the above 3S. Literacy. Through the morning meeting, etc., improve the level of employees' civility and politeness, enhance team awareness, and develop good work habits of doing things according to regulations. 6S, increase security. 7S, increase savings (S**ING). 8S, add service (service).

7.TPM management. The factory has been comprehensively improved. In order to solve many problems in the process of equipment operation, the United States summarized the experience of maintaining equipment, and called the post-event disposal method of taking emergency measures after equipment failure as "post-event preservation (BM)", the pre-event disposal method of taking countermeasures before equipment failure as "preventive preservation (PM)" and the improvement activity of prolonging equipment life as "improved preservation (CM)". The activity of manufacturing equipment that will not fail or fail is called "maintenance and prevention (MP)", and finally the four activities of BM, PM, CM and MP are called "production and maintenance (PM)", which is the prototype of TPM. After World War II, in the process of learning from the United States, Japan introduced American PM production safety activities into Japan and successfully established Japanese PM, namely "TPM". Since 80~90% of employees participated in this activity, a "T" was added before PM, and the company's PM activity was officially named TPM.

8.JIT management. Just In Time, also known as real-time management and zero inventory management. Japan's Toyota company pioneered. Its core idea is "to use the needed resources and produce the needed products at the needed time". Produce raw materials and products to achieve zero inventory.

On-site management methods are very rich, and it is a process of sustainable development and pursuit of Excellence. A good on-site environment can stimulate employees' work motivation, innovation ability and cohesion. Only by raising awareness, unifying thoughts, renewing ideas, paying attention to details and stressing practical results will the face of the production site be completely new.