First of all, this concept is based on the analysis of the site background and surrounding environment, topography, urban culture, transportation and so on. And put forward his own design concept.
Second, there are usually two or three schemes in the prototype design of the scheme. Main plan, elevation and three-dimensional renderings. In my opinion, architectural design is divided into five design stages.
First of all, this concept is based on the analysis of the site background and surrounding environment, topography, urban culture, transportation and so on. And put forward his own design concept.
Second, there are usually two or three schemes in the prototype design of the scheme. Main plan, elevation and three-dimensional renderings.
Third, the preliminary design determines the feasibility of the scheme. Determine the specific size of doors and windows and determine the elevation. Structural equipment and other professional related design instructions.
Fourth, expand the preliminary design and deepen it to the surface.
Five, the construction drawing design is divided into three stages: preliminary design, technical design and construction design. Each stage focuses on different aspects.
The preliminary design stage, also known as scheme design, is a design scheme designed according to the designer's own ideas under the condition of satisfying the owner's use function and investment guarantee, combining the environment, economy and culture of the project location, and combining the design contract, design task book and relevant construction documents (planning documents, etc.). ), and comply with the provisions of relevant national laws and regulations.
According to the scheduled design schedule, the preliminary design plan is communicated with Party A within the scheduled time, which is also called a plan report, mainly to explain the feasibility and advantages of your own design, mainly from the following aspects:
1. Find the theme -2. Design patterns according to the theme, 3. Design the pattern according to the purpose -4. Collect data -5. Organize and analyze data -6. Output various interfaces, 7. Design ideas -8. Choose the most suitable design mode according to the purpose and needs.
(1) The design description part shall include: general description and descriptions of various professional chapters, such as architecture, structure, water supply and drainage, electricity (strong current and weak current), air conditioning and ventilation, fire protection, civil air defense, environmental design and protection, labor safety, budget estimate, etc.
The general description of length design shall include: design basis (various documents, regulations, geographical and climatic conditions), general situation of the project, design scope and scale, design characteristics and guiding ideology, traffic organization and parking, landscaping layout and indicators, principles and standards such as fire protection, environmental protection, labor protection, occupational health, civil air defense, architectural design, indoor and outdoor decoration standards, equipment and electrical system standards and dosage composition. Production technology and characteristics, structural selection and characteristics, seismic fortification, existing problems, general indicators (main technical and economic indicators, total estimated investment, water, electricity, building materials consumption), etc.
2. The building description includes: design basis, general situation of the project, site conditions and general layout design, vertical design, traffic environment design, functional layout, horizontal and vertical traffic design, unit plan, elevation and profile design, waterproof measures for basement and roof, door and window tables, and main technical and economic indicators (total land area, total construction area, aboveground construction area, underground construction area, basement area of aboveground building, coverage rate and plot ratio).
3. Structural description includes: design basis, general situation of engineering, general situation of engineering geology, load selection, seismic fortification intensity, structural safety grade and seismic grade, material selection, structural design (structural selection, foundation form, section size of main components, etc.). ), structural calculation (analysis method, calculation content, calculation results and summary of calculation results), safety evaluation, time-history analysis and calculation of ground disasters as required, and special structural analysis. When there is a structural transfer story, it is necessary to explain the calculation method of the transfer story, the section size of beam and slab, the stiffness ratio of upper and lower floors, and the axial compression ratio of frame columns. 4. Description of water supply and drainage includes: design basis, general situation of the project, design scope, water supply system (water source, water consumption, outdoor water supply system, indoor water supply system), indoor hot water and drinking water supply system, fire fighting system (fire hydrant water supply system, automatic sprinkler system), circulating water system, drainage system (municipal drainage system, domestic sewage discharge, rainwater discharge, outdoor drainage system, restaurant kitchen sewage treatment, feces. Indoor drainage system, roof rainwater drainage, sanitary ware selection), civil air defense water supply and drainage (water supply and drainage), water-saving and energy-saving measures adopted, pollution prevention measures, list of main equipment and materials, etc. 5. Description of the electrical part (strong current and weak current) includes: design basis, general situation of the project, design scope, strong current and weak current design, statistical table of equipment power load, total power supply index, list of main equipment materials, etc. The design of high-voltage power supply should include: power supply design (load grade, power supply and voltage, system, substation, relay protection and measurement, control and signal, power factor compensation mode, power supply line and outdoor lighting, lightning protection and grounding); Power design (power supply, voltage and distribution system, environmental characteristics and distribution equipment selection, conductor and cable selection and laying method, equipment installation, grounding system); Lighting design (lighting power supply, voltage, capacity, illumination standard and distribution system form, selection and control of light sources and lamps, selection and connection mode of distribution equipment, zero connection or grounding of lighting equipment); Automatic control and automatic adjustment (process requirements, control principle, selection of instruments and control equipment); Automatic fire alarm and linkage control system; Lightning protection of wartime electrical system (power supply, wartime lighting, line selection and laying, grounding), buildings and structures in civil air defense basement. Weak current (intelligent building) design should include: building automatic control system design, security TV monitoring system, parking lot management system, communication facilities system, computer management system design (intelligent network), integrated wiring, central broadcasting and audio system, CATV system, etc.
6. Description of heating, air conditioning and ventilation includes: design basis, general situation of the project, design scope, heating system, ventilation system, refrigeration system, smoke prevention system, smoke exhaust system and list of main equipment and materials.
7. Thermal description includes: (1) boiler room: design basis, general situation of the project, design scope, determination of heat load, selection of boiler model, thermal system and auxiliary machine, flue gas system and environmental protection measures, and briefly describes the composition of boiler room and auxiliary room, considerations of expansion and development, technical and economic indicators. (2) Indoor and outdoor power pipelines: design basis, design scope, determination of various medium loads, pipelines and their laying, and list of main equipment and materials.
8. Description of technical economy and budget estimate: The design budget estimate document must completely reflect the contents of the preliminary design of the project, strictly implement the relevant national guidelines, policies and systems, and be compiled according to the construction conditions (including natural conditions, construction conditions and other factors affecting the cost) and relevant basic data of the project location. The budget design document shall include: compilation description (project overview, compilation basis, construction scale, construction scope, excluded items and expenses, other issues that must be explained, etc.). ), total budget table, single project comprehensive budget table, unit project budget table, other projects and expenses budget table, steel, wood, cement and other main materials list. The general budget estimate is a general document to determine all the construction costs of a construction project from preparation to completion acceptance and delivery, including three parts: construction and installation costs, equipment purchase costs and other costs (such as land acquisition costs, house demolition costs, research and test costs, survey and design costs, etc.). ) and preparation costs (unforeseen items and costs).
9. The design description of the fire protection chapter includes: design basis, general situation of the project, general layout, building and structural parts, fire protection system, automatic fire alarm and linkage control, smoke control and design description, etc.
Articles 10 and * *: design basis, general situation of the project, design scope and design principles, wastewater treatment, waste gas treatment, noise treatment, solid waste treatment and environmental design (greening and beautifying the environment).
1 1. Description of labor safety and hygiene design: design basis, general situation of the project, indoor air quality and environmental noise control, hygiene measures and safety measures.
12. The design description of the civil air defense chapter includes: design basis, general situation of the project, design scope and design principles, building parts, structural parts, water supply and drainage of civil air defense, electrical system design of civil air defense basement in wartime, ventilation and air conditioning design (ventilation and exhaust system design in peacetime and wartime).
13. The total construction area refers to the sum of the construction areas of basement, podium, overhead floor, tower and roof machine room. This is the concept of the general project, which is consistent with the estimated total construction area. The main technical and economic indicators should include: total land area, building area, green area, road square area, total building area (overground area, underground area), total number of households, total population, supporting area of public buildings, green rate, building density, floor area ratio, etc. The above-ground area should include the shopping mall area, office area, residential area (including balcony area), overhead floor area, roof water tank, computer room area and other sub-items. In the underground area, the area of equipment room, the area of motor vehicle parking garage and the number of parking spaces should be clearly separated. If the project is simple or small-scale, the general design instructions and the design instructions of various disciplines can be written together, and the relevant contents can be appropriately simplified. (2) Preliminary design drawings: 1. Architectural design drawings include: catalogue, four-dimensional map, general plan, basement plan, first floor and above (the floor plan of each floor indicates the construction area, and the floor plan of the first floor indicates the total construction area), elevation, and cross-sections in all directions (cross-sections should be cut at different floors with complicated internal and external spaces). 2. Structural design drawings include: catalogue, pile location and foundation plan, basement structure plan, structural plan of each floor (select representative floors, transfer floors and structural transfer floors, and mark the plate thickness and beam section size), structural requirements or node drawings of new structures. 3. Water supply and drainage design drawings include: catalogue, general plan, floor plan, water supply system diagram, drainage system diagram, list of main equipment and materials. 4. Electrical design drawings: catalogue, general power supply plane, substation, power supply plane, system diagram, building lightning protection, weak current engineering system diagram (block diagram), and list of main equipment and materials. 5. The design drawings of heating, air conditioning and ventilation include: product catalogue, air conditioning and ventilation plan, plan of main cold and heat sources in main engine room and heat exchange room (equipment location and specifications), schematic diagram of special automatic control system, and list of main equipment and materials. 6. Thermal power design drawings include: catalogue, equipment layout, profile layout, schematic thermal system diagram, fuel and slag removal system layout, regional layout, pipeline layout, list of main equipment and materials. 7. The fire protection design drawings include: plane fire prevention and smoke prevention zones of each floor of the building, and evacuation road map; General plan of fire water supply and drainage, fire plan of each floor and schematic diagram of fire water supply system; Electrical fire protection system diagram and fire protection plan of each floor; Fire smoke exhaust ventilation plan, pressurization system diagram of front room, stairwell and inner corridor, and selection of main equipment and materials for each type of work. 8. Environmental design drawings include: the first floor plan of the building plus outdoor greening, sketches, sculptures and other arrangements. 9. Civil air defense design drawings include: the plan of civil air defense entrance on the first floor of the building, the plan of civil air defense in the basement, the plan of each entrance and the section; Details of civil air defense roof structure layout, civil air defense floor structure layout, temporary plugging, wartime column increase, explosion-proof partition wall, etc. Ventilation system diagram and operation instructions, ventilation plan, poison filter room and machine room, mouth details and embedded parts drawings; Basement civil air defense water supply and drainage plan, water supply and drainage plan and system diagram of each port, and wartime drainage system diagram of civil air defense basement; Basement civil air defense distribution plan, civil air defense distribution system plan, air intake and exhaust, water pump control circuit diagram, mobile power station, civil air defense distribution room and air intake and exhaust room distribution plan.