Compare the reading styles. We can generally divide reading into two categories: one is the traditional reading method (commonly known as slow reading), that is, reading one by one according to several words, such as words; The second is fast reading or "speed reading". It is to read the text into groups, lines and blocks of different sizes as a whole, and "groups" or "blocks" may often contain phrases, half lines, one line, multiple lines or even the whole page. It is a reading method that allows us to receive information from written materials quickly.
Fast reading is a method of "direct reflection of eyes and brain" by scientific use of vision and brain. This "eye-brain direct reflection" reading method omits two optional intermediate links, namely the language center and the auditory pathway, and directly reflects the text signal to the brain memory center for understanding and memory. Therefore, the words seen by the eyes can enter the brain center "in parallel" at the same time like images, providing information at a speed that matches the thinking speed of the brain.
It is generally believed that intensive reading, which has lasted for thousands of years, is the best reading for understanding and remembering. On the one hand, the reading habit formed by China for thousands of years has its reasonable existence foundation; On the other hand, it is a misunderstanding of thinking. People often confuse understanding with memory. Although intensive reading is good for understanding, it is the most unfavorable reading for memory. The reason is that the rhythm of intensive reading is too slow, and the rhythm of brain processing information is too wide, which is not harmonious and does not match. However, speed reading is the opposite. On the one hand, it uses the super memory ability of human brain to memorize words as a whole. On the other hand, it uses the excellent super-wide viewing ability after training to quickly absorb a large amount of text information, making the speed of providing information closer to the rhythm of brain processing information, easier to coordinate and match, and can process a large number of text materials in a short time. Therefore, after strict, scientific and systematic training, the understanding and memory level of fast reading is not inferior to that of traditional reading. Skilled speed readers have a good understanding and memory effect in speed reading. So speed reading is the most beneficial reading for memory.
Who is the whole brain speed reading memory method suitable for learning?
As long as people from all walks of life have a level of education above the fifth grade of primary school and have certain reading comprehension ability, they can learn and master the whole brain speed reading memory method through certain efforts.
Because the image thinking and image memory ability of the right brain of ordinary people are not fully developed and utilized, the integrity and coordination of the left and right brains are poor when reading, so the reading speed is only about 300 words/minute, and the efficiency of understanding and memory is not ideal. However, through a period of careful study and training of the whole brain speed reading memory method, the reading speed can be increased by five times to dozens of times, reaching more than 1800 words per minute ~ 10000 words, and the understanding and memory efficiency can also be improved to more than 60%.
At the same level of education, the younger the person, the better the effect of learning and training. Specifically, junior high school students have the best effect, while primary school students and senior high school students are slightly worse.
This is because, firstly, the brain and thinking of junior high school students are in a mature state of thinking in images and memory, while abstract thinking has not yet formed an advantage in its development period and has a good physiological and psychological foundation;
Second, their experience in using traditional reading is not too long, their habits are not strong, and of course they are easier to change;
Third, they don't have too many traditional ideas in their minds, are not too stubborn, and are more likely to accept new things;
Fourth, their world outlook is not yet mature, and they lack mature opinions psychologically, so they are easily induced.
However, primary school students are less literate because of their poor reading ability, reading experience and reading level, while high school students have lost their right brain's image thinking and image memory ability because of their mature abstract thinking, so their acceptance of the whole brain speed reading memory method will be slightly worse than that of junior high school students.
As for those who are older and have higher academic qualifications, the learning effect will be worse due to physiological, psychological, ideological and customary reasons such as the maturity of world outlook, the solidification of traditional reading habits, and the burying of image thinking and image memory ability.
Of course, the above differences are not significant on the whole, and can only be seen through long-term and large-scale statistics. Specific to everyone, because there are many differences and complexities in various aspects, we must not generalize.
How do fast readers take the first step?
Many people want to learn speed reading because of the pressure of life and study. However, looking up information on the Internet found that a lot of information about speed reading was not very practical. I want formal training, but I can't afford the high training fees. So how does speed reading take the first step in learning?
1. Seriously study the principle of speed reading. There is a lot of information about this on the Internet. Personally, I suggest looking for ordinary speed reading books. As for wave speed reading and video reading, you can't learn without special qualifications. Don't hold that unrealistic idea. You must understand the principle and realization method of speed reading, so as not to be misled by some people.
2. Choose a good tutorial or software. There is no need to buy software, and there is nothing good about the current software. Find a free speed reading course or software and practice your eyes first. In speed reading, there are requirements for the beating of eyes, vision, etc. The training of eyes is relatively less strokes and less difficult. If you think it's difficult, then you're training wrong. In this way, the basic skills are almost done.
3. Learn to read silently and master comprehension skills. When your vision can reach one eye and one line, you should focus on this aspect. Silent reading is difficult to train, but it is certainly not simple. Don't deliberately suppress pronunciation and reading. This is the advice of a man who has been there before. We should choose a more scientific method. At this point, it will be of great help to find a fast reader as a tutor. If you can't solve the problem in a month, he will solve it for you in one sentence. I have a deep understanding.
4. Learn some mnemonics. For example, homophonic method, association method, linking method and so on are all useful for memory after speed reading. Mind mapping, in particular, must be learned.
Problem-solving skills of classical Chinese reading in college entrance examination
First, grasp the whole, not the details. First, read the article carefully, so as to know what events the article is about (several events, the relationship between events), the characters involved (several people, what is the relationship between people), and the author's attitude towards characters and events, so as to know fairly well, and not to delve into the words that you don't understand for the time being.
Second, read and understand carefully and analyze the text. Search the information in the text as carefully as possible, pay attention to the notes after the text, the expression of the stem of the question, and the options of multiple-choice questions, especially the options of multiple-choice questions. Comprehensive reading is of great benefit to understanding the original text. According to the topic, it is easy to find the relevant explanations in the text, and then it is difficult.
Third, savor carefully and focus on breakthroughs. How to break through the difficulties?
■ Grasp the relationship between the upper part and the lower part as a whole because sentences are mutually confirmed, supplemented and explained in a paragraph. For example, the sentence "the way of civil and military affairs" in the classical Chinese of the college entrance examination in 2007, if taken literally, is likely to be translated into "there is only one road to success for ancient scholars and military commanders". However, if we carefully grasp the article, the full text is about the role of literary talents and military commanders in the country. Taking the ability to deal with the world as the standard, "Tao" is not the way to success, but can also be interpreted as the law. In this way, the whole sentence should be interpreted as "the law of literature and martial arts is the same."
■ Accumulate notional words and transfer them out of the classroom. First of all, we should accumulate a large number of real words and function words in class and learn classical Chinese well. This is the foundation and the key, and it also allows us to face unfamiliar classical Chinese and transfer knowledge.
■ Inferring the meaning of words by means of glyphs Most Chinese characters are pictophonetic characters, which express meaning by shape and sound by sound, and the meaning of words can be inferred from their shapes. For example, in the first paragraph of classical Chinese in 2007, we understood the meaning of "support", but it was impossible to "support ourselves with words". Contact the above-mentioned "secretary of Boshe" and see that the word "branch" is composed of the word "Bei" and is related to the amount of wealth.
With the help of context and extended meanings, it is inferred that the word "pity" in the sentence of "no pity" translated in the 2007 college entrance examination means "pity" in our textbook, and "Chen Qingbiao" means "I am still ashamed of being old"; There is a meaning of "boasting, boasting", such as "the bug is so proud as to report to its owner" and "promoting weaving"; There is a meaning of "halberd handle", which means "hoeing thorns, but not the same as hook halberd", but it doesn't make sense. But from the context, we know that the following "silent language is impermanent, and people are called crazy", which does not pay attention to details, but is called "crazy" by others. From this, we can infer that,
■ Using idioms and proverbs to infer that most idioms come from ancient poetry, and many idioms have the same meaning and usage as classical Chinese. According to this feature, it is an effective and good method to infer the meaning of function words in classical Chinese by using familiar idioms. For example, the meaning and usage of "yes" in "being eager to learn and seeking only talents" can be inferred from the familiar idioms of "obeying orders" and "being mercenary", which should be an auxiliary word and a symbol of prepositional objects.
■ Inferring from the syntax of classical Chinese, there are many parallelism sentences and antithesis sentences in classical Chinese, among which words with symmetrical positions generally have the same part of speech, but their meanings are similar or relatively opposite. For example, "when there is no seedling, it is solid and heavy, and when there is seedling, it is empty and floating", and "solid" is relative to "virtual" and "heavy" is relative to "floating", so the meaning becomes clear.
The key to reading classical Chinese, in a word, is to grasp the textbook and lay a solid foundation.
Four levels of reading
A, browse (measurement)
Before the formal reading, we can have a preliminary understanding of the content of the material through browsing. Browsing will help you understand the organizational form of reading materials, determine the best reading method to use, organize the thinking process quickly and efficiently, and complete the reading goal.
Second, Skimming.
When you don't have enough time, enough interest, or don't need to read some materials carefully at all, read quickly and omit some content, and you can get the general idea of the article and the content you need. Generally speaking, it is much better to skim a subject a lot than to read a book or two carefully, which can help you gain more knowledge in a short time.
If it is an article of four or five thousand words, you should read all the first paragraph or the first two paragraphs as quickly as possible in order to make clear the overall background of the article. Then quickly browse the first sentence or the first few lines of each paragraph, because topic sentences are usually at the beginning and end of the paragraph. Many sentences can be omitted in the following paragraphs, and the last paragraph usually contains a summary of the full text, so be sure to read it comprehensively.
The speed of skimming is roughly twice as fast as the ordinary speed, but the understanding rate is low, because the purpose of skimming is to get the theme of the article as quickly as possible.
Third, search (scanning)
It is mainly used to find some information from materials without reading all the materials. For example, find TV programs in newspapers, look up phone books and look up new words in dictionaries. The purpose of reading is to find out the data and information quickly and accurately, and to memorize the prompt words to avoid the interference of irrelevant words and thoughts. You should read it carefully when you find it.
In order to save time, you must be familiar with the arrangement order of materials. Some are sorted alphabetically, such as dictionaries and indexes; Some of them are arranged logically, such as the program table and historical materials arranged in chronological order.
Fourth, study (research)
Germany Planck said: "Reading without thinking is equal to eating without digesting." When it is necessary to evaluate the works or absorb the viewpoints and theories of the whole text, careful speculative research should be carried out.
When you study, you must be serious. Sometimes you need to stop to reread or think, remember and understand the meaning between words, so that you can fully understand the material. Rereading should be done at a fast reading speed. Overview of application reading methods
Basic principles of fast reading II
Fast reading is carried out with a clearer purpose and more focused attention, so it is a reading method that can acquire knowledge and information quickly and efficiently by using eyes and brain scientifically. The main points are: read with your eyes, not with your voice; When reading an article, the words you see are directly evoked in your mind. When reading, people's eyes are in the alternating process of movement and pause, and only when the eyes pause can they perceive words. The more words they perceive every time they stop, the faster they read. The less times you stop, the faster you read. In other words, when reading, try to absorb a lot of text information. Every pause is not a word or a word, but the whole sentence or paragraph. As long as you use your brain scientifically, combine reading with thinking and form habits, you can quickly master the speed reading method and use it freely. However, after long-term unremitting research by speed reading linguists, it is finally found that the functional characteristics of people's left and right brains are the main basis for speed reading.
Language activity is the most advanced thinking activity, a unique phenomenon of human beings, an essential difference between human beings and animals, and the most basic way of human communication. According to the research of neurophysiology and psychology, there is a clear division of labor between the two hemispheres (the specific division of labor has been said earlier). When the two hemispheres are closely related, the whole brain is like a unified entity. After the communication between the two sides of the brain is cut off, as long as the internal structure of each hemisphere of the brain is not destroyed, each side of the brain still functions in its own way. This is the main idea of brain function sharing theory.
The traditional reading methods we are used to are actually audio reading and silent reading. Phonetic reading refers to reading words one by one according to the actual sound. Silent reading is also a phonetic phenomenon, but it is done in the mind without making a sound. In other words, this is not recognized by visual grasp, but confirmed by hearing. Audio reading or silent reading must be recognized under auditory response. Language is made up of sounds and must be pronounced in order. It takes some time to pronounce each sound. It can be seen that auditory cognition is far more time-consuming than visual cognition. In addition, the speed of visual cognition and auditory cognition is different, which makes the process of visual acceptance interfered by auditory cognition, which could have been clear at a glance and had to be recognized repeatedly, thus hindering the natural development of reading, consuming a lot of time and interfering with correct reading. Therefore, if you want to read quickly, you must exclude phonetic symbols. Therefore, it is best to completely eliminate the pinyin in your mind. You can completely get rid of the habit of using hearing to confirm, so that the visual function is no longer bound and interfered by the phonetic phenomenon composed of individual sounds, and it is completely liberated. In this way, the function of the visual language center of the brain is obviously reversed in the complete liberation, and it also awakens the outstanding potential functions of the brain. Therefore, reading should be a pure visual behavior, which is accomplished brilliantly by the right brain, which is good at processing visual information. In this way, the right brain undertakes the part of comprehensive visual impression, and the left brain undertakes the part of comprehensive conscious impression, which makes reading comprehension have a two-pronged function, of course, with excellent efficiency. Because human beings have various basic conditions for fast reading, such as physiology, thinking and language, as long as they learn the right methods and persist in long-term training, everyone will master or have the skills of fast reading.
Basic knowledge and training methods of fast reading training
The traditional reading method is generally through word-for-word silent reading.
When you see words, sounds are generated in your brain, perceived by your ears, and then understood.
Use a simple process to express the traditional way of reading: words-seeing-sound-listening-thinking-understanding.
The speed at which people speak is generally around 160- 180 Chinese characters per minute, and the speed can reach 250-300 words.
If you read in the traditional way, due to the limitation of speech speed, the reading speed usually does not exceed 300 words per minute.
The main principle of fast reading is to start directly from words (sentences and paragraphs)
Perceive the text as a whole, overcome the pronunciation of the text to the maximum extent, and understand it directly in the brain.
Use a simple process to express the traditional way of reading: words-seeing-understanding-thinking.
In this way, by expanding the intake, reading is no longer limited by the speed of speech, and the brain receives more and faster information.
The brain's attention will be more highly concentrated than ordinary reading, so the understanding rate will not decrease, but will increase.
In normal reading mode, the brain is easily distracted because of the slow reading speed.
Moreover, if you read for too long, you will forget the front after reading, and the understanding rate will be lower.
For abstract and difficult professional books, read quickly.
You can still get very good learning results and effectively improve the efficiency of professional learning!
Let's briefly popularize the basic knowledge of speed reading.
Visual field refers to all text areas (including clarity and illegibility) that people can see without turning their eyes.
Eye stop refers to the pause of eyes on the page (page) during reading.
Viewpoint refers to the point (word, word) that you can see clearly when your eyes stop reading.
Scanning refers to the rapid eye movement on the article when reading, also known as viewpoint movement.
Video refers to the breadth of content that can be seen clearly after reading a book for a pause.
It is often used to refer to the largest range of words, phrases and sentences that people can see clearly with their eyes stopped once when reading.
It takes almost the same time for eyes to recognize a word and multiple words, and after training, they can gradually expand and make full use of the reading range.
When people receive reading training, the more words, phrases and sentences they can see clearly with their eyes at a time, the greater their visual range, the faster their reading speed and the higher their reading efficiency.
In the same time, the wider the viewing range, the faster the reading speed and vice versa.
Once you understand the principle of visual range, you will consciously and actively expand your visual range in reading or training to improve your reading speed and efficiency.
1, opinion is the core of fast reading training. The viewpoint should be able to identify what it sees "clearly, accurately and quickly".
2. For most people, the horizon of reading is enough, and most people can adapt to the requirements of speed reading without expanding their horizons.
3. As far as speed reading is concerned, it is people's "visual range" rather than "vision" that needs to be expanded and trained.
Visual range is a dynamic range, which is a continuous range of saccade, eye stop and viewpoint perception.
1, through the training of expanding visual range, let each viewpoint absorb more roles; Let each viewpoint perceive more textual information.
2. Because the amount of words ingested by each viewpoint has been greatly improved, the brain has a larger unit to understand words.
In this way, the gap between the moving speed of the viewpoint and the understanding speed of the brain thinking is greatly narrowed, and even the synchronization speed is obtained.
These are the main knowledge points that must be learned in the actual training of speed reading, so how to learn these to help our speed reading?
1, to ensure a clear point of view, you need to train your concentration and a little gaze.
2. To achieve fast reading, we need to speed up the movement of viewpoints, so we need to train the movement of viewpoints.
3. In order to realize a wide range of perception, we also need to expand visual range training and visual field training.
Speed reading training network training (1V 1 single person guidance)
After training to move the viewpoint and expand the visual range, the problem of our intake speed can be solved perfectly. The following problem is to understand the speed problem.
The most fundamental reason that affects our reading speed and understanding ability lies in some bad habits that we have developed for decades.
The first is sound reading.
"Pronunciation" generally refers to the phenomenon that the auditory organs and pronunciation organs of the brain pronounce words intentionally or unintentionally when we read books quickly.
In most people's habits, if we don't read it, we will violate our most accustomed reading habits, and we may not understand the meaning of these words.
In this process: the eyes see the font-the brain feeds back the pronunciation-the brain clarifies the meaning-and finally understands the meaning of the article.
We call this process "pronunciation". Simply put, it is "words-sounds-listening-thinking-understanding"
Silent reading is also a phonetic phenomenon, but it is done in the mind without making a sound.
Pronunciation phenomenon can be specially trained through silencing training. At present, there are mainly sound interference method and flash thinking method.
The second fundamental point that affects reading speed is to look back and confirm repeatedly.
Note: read only what you can understand, and don't stop for what you can't understand at once.
Keep reading, skip the parts you don't understand, and never slow down reading because some parts don't understand.
If you insist on understanding the meaning of each sentence before reading, you won't read much.
When you try to understand those subtle points, you will miss some big principles. In this way, your reading speed and comprehension will never improve.
Looking back at the problem, we can overcome it through rhythm training.
The third basic point that affects understanding is to pick and see.
Just to improve reading speed, I only look at individual words in a sentence and give up reading other words.
This is actually related to the previous video expansion noise reduction.
This phenomenon can be solved as long as there is enough visual clarity and preliminary noise reduction.
To solve the above three problems, it is mainly to understand the mode conversion.
1, from reading by words to reading by words and sentences. After reading a sentence, you can make an overall perception and understanding.
2. Use the brain's natural integration ability to read several words in a row and then understand them together.
3. Cultivate the ability to interpret glyphs and completely overcome the interference of pronunciation and reading on understanding.
Simply put, it is "word-understanding-thinking"
Just read it first. Don't think about the meaning of the article when reading it. Read a complete sentence and then understand the meaning of the article.
With the deepening of training, we should learn gradually, read a few words in a row, and then see what the words mean.
The above are the basic knowledge points and points for attention of speed reading.