Geographical location and natural conditions
topography
The topography of Heilongjiang Province is generally high in northwest, north and southeast, and low in northeast and southwest. It is mainly composed of mountains, terraces, plains and water. Daxing 'anling, which runs northeast-southwest, Xiaoxing 'anling, which runs northwest-southeast, and Zhangguangcailing, Laoyeling and Wanda Mountain, which run northeast-southwest, account for about 24.7% of the total area of the province. Hilly areas above 300 meters above sea level account for about 35.8% of the province; Sanjiang Plain in the northeast and Songnen Plain in the west are part of the largest northeast plain in China, accounting for 37.0% of the total area of the province, with an altitude of 50-200 meters.
land
The soil area of the province is 44.37 million hectares (equivalent to 670 million mu), accounting for 93% of the total land area of the province. The area of cultivated land and forest land in the province ranks 1 in the whole country, and the area of grassland ranks seventh. The land to be developed ranks fourth, and the arable reserve farmland ranks second. By the end of 2004, the province's cultivated land area was 9.905 million hectares (6.5438+49 million mu), with a per capita area of 3.9 mu. Heilongjiang has fertile land and high organic matter content. The soil suitable for cultivation accounts for 40% of the total soil area in the province, and black soil, chernozem and meadow soil account for 67.6% of the total cultivated land area in the province, making it one of the three world-famous black soil belts. The area of agricultural reserve resources in the province is 4.793 million hectares (72 million mu), accounting for 65.438+00.5% of the total land area of the province, and the area of land to be developed is second only to Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia and Sichuan Province, ranking fourth in the country.
climate
Heilongjiang has a continental monsoon climate from middle temperate zone to cold temperate zone. The annual average temperature is -4~5 degrees Celsius. The temperature gradually decreases from southeast to northwest, and the difference between north and south is nearly 10 degrees Celsius. In summer, the temperature is high, the precipitation is high, and the illumination time is long, which is suitable for crop growth. Solar radiation resources are abundant, and the annual sunshine hours are generally 2300-2800 hours. The windy days in spring are the most, mostly in Songnen Plain and Sanjiang Plain, which are rich in wind energy resources.
natural resource
Biological resources:
The land conditions in Heilongjiang Province rank first in the country, with the total cultivated land area and exploitable land reserve resources accounting for more than one tenth of the country, and the per capita cultivated land and per capita cultivated land of farmers are about three times the national average. The province has 9.905 million hectares of cultivated land, and the content of soil organic matter is higher than that in other parts of the country. Black soil, chernozem and meadow soil account for more than 60% of cultivated land and are one of the three famous black soil belts in the world. Heilongjiang province is rich in soybean, wheat, corn, potato, rice and other food crops as well as cash crops such as beet, flax and flue-cured tobacco.
The grassland area in the province is about 4.33 million hectares, with excellent grass quality and high nutritional value, which is suitable for the development of animal husbandry. Songnen grassland is one of the three largest sheep grasslands in the world.
Mineral resources:
Minerals 13 1 species have been discovered, and 74 minerals with proven reserves have been found. Petroleum, graphite, sillimanite, cast basalt, basalt for asbestos, marble for cement, pigment loess, volcanic ash, marble for glass and potash feldspar, etc. 10 mineral reserves rank first in China and coal reserves rank first in the three northeastern provinces. There are 39 kinds of minerals that have been developed and utilized in Heilongjiang Province, and the annual output value of all kinds of minerals ranks second in the country.
Forest resources:
The total forestry management area of the province is 3 1.75 million hectares, accounting for 2/3 of the province's land area. The forest area is 20.07 million hectares, with a total volume of 654.38+0.5 billion cubic meters and a forest coverage rate of 43.6%. Forest area, total forest volume and timber output rank among the top in China, and it is the most important state-owned forest area and the largest timber production base in China. There are more than 0/00 species of trees/kloc, and there are more than 30 species with high utilization value. Heilongjiang Province is one of the major forestry provinces in China, and the ecological status of forestry is very important. Natural forest resources are the main part of forest resources in Heilongjiang Province, mainly distributed in Daxinganling, Changbai Mountain and Wandashan.
Energy:
Heilongjiang province is an important national energy industrial base. In 2004, the whole province produced 7 1 169000 tons of raw coal, which is one of the main provinces to transfer coal. In addition, electricity and natural gas also occupy an important position. Before the founding of New China, there was only one Jingbohu hydropower station in Heilongjiang. For decades, hydropower stations have developed simultaneously. By 1999, there are nearly 200 power plants in the province, with a total installed capacity of nearly10 million MW. The province's hydropower generation reached 65.438+0.4 billion MWh. Harbin Gas Chemical Company belongs to the Harbin-1 gas project, with a daily gas output of 1.89 million cubic meters, and the total construction scale is "the highest in Asia".
Animals and plants: There are 88 species of wild animals and mammals, belonging to 6 orders and 20 families, accounting for 265,438 0.6% of the national species, among which 6 species are under first-class protection: sable, mink, leopard, tiger, sika deer and musk deer. There are 19 orders, 57 families and 36 1 species of birds, accounting for 29% of the national species. Red-crowned crane, merganser, stork, golden eagle, etc. 12 species, belonging to the first-class key protection. There are more than 2 100 species of wild plants, including gymnosperms belonging to 4 families and 8 genera 17 species, angiosperms 107 families and 636 genera 1747 species, and seed plants10/family and 644 species. There are about 2.5 million tons of wild plant resources with economic value, more than 250,000 tons of edible plants, more than 6,543.8 million tons of wild papermaking raw materials and 6,543.8 million tons of various medicinal materials.
Water resources: There are many rivers and lakes in the province, including Heilongjiang, Wusuli River, Songhua River, Nenjiang River and Suifenhe River. There are more than 6,000 lakes and reservoirs with a water surface of over 800,000 hectares. Heilongjiang Province is one of the provinces with abundant water resources in China. 70% of the annual rainfall is concentrated in the growing period of crops, with the same season of rain and heat, and a good environment for biological growth.
Tourism resources: Heilongjiang Province is rich in tourism resources with distinctive features.
The mountain range covers 60% of the whole province, with moderate slope, good snow quality and large snowfall. There are more than 100 places suitable for building advanced ski resorts. There are more than 20 million hectares of forest land, and the forest coverage rate is 43.6%, ranking first in the country, and most of them are natural forests; There are many rivers in the province, and the water resources rank first in the northern provinces. Heilongjiang, Songhua River, Wusuli River, Nenjiang River and Suifenhe River constitute the five major water systems in the province, and Xingkai Lake, Jingbo Lake and Lianhuan Lake are beautiful and magnificent. Zhalong, Sanjiang and Xingkai Lake have vast wetlands and good biodiversity protection. Wudalianchi is a world-class resource with the most development potential because of its unique volcanic landform and rich mineral springs.
There are 10 ethnic minorities living in Heilongjiang province, among which Hezhe, Oroqen, Korean and Mongolian ethnic minorities have rich customs. Longquan House in Shangjing and Huining House in Shangjing were the capitals of Bohai State in Tang Dynasty and early Jin Dynasty respectively, which were the symbols of economic and cultural prosperity in Heilongjiang Province at that time. The construction of Harbin, Daqing and other cities is changing with each passing day, and the modern cities in northern Xinjiang have distinctive characteristics; More than 3,000 kilometers of border line connected with Russia by land and water is a channel for various exchanges between China and Russia. In addition, there are unique industrial culture and foreign culture in Heilongjiang Province, which are important foundations for developing characteristic tourism in Heilongjiang Province.
There are 163 nature reserves in the province (including 4 national 14 and 40 provincial).
Environment and problems
By the end of 2004, there were 4,090 employees in the province's environmental protection system, and there were 106 environmental monitoring stations at all levels. 288 smoke control zones have been built, with a total area of 1068.9 square kilometers; Noise standard area is 30 1 piece, covering an area of 898.9 square kilometers. The treatment rate of industrial wastewater, the standard rate of smoke and dust emission and the comprehensive utilization rate of solid waste are 92.0%, 90.0% and 72.0% respectively. At the end of the year, there were 163 nature reserves in the province, an increase of 12 over the previous year.
Human population
lustrum
In 2004, the birth rate was 7.27‰ and the death rate was 5.45‰. At the end of the year, the total population of the province was 38 1.68 million.
population rate of increase
In 2004, the natural population growth rate was 1.82‰.
Race and population
Heilongjiang province is a multi-ethnic province. According to the fourth national census of 1990, there are 53 ethnic groups in the province, of which the Han nationality accounts for 94.3% of the total population. The population of ethnic minorities is 2 million, accounting for 5.7%. Fifty-three ethnic minorities are distributed all over the province, and Dorbod Mongolian Autonomous County is the only ethnic autonomous area in the province. Cities and counties with more than 10,000 people have 5 1 ethnic minority population, 69 ethnic townships (towns) and 680 ethnic villages. The ethnic groups with a large population are Manchu, Hui, Mongolian, Korean and Daur. There are Xibe, Hezhe, Oroqen, Ewenki and Kirgiz nationalities with a small population, and the average population density is 8 1.7 people/square kilometer.
level of education
By the end of 2004, there were 23 postgraduate training institutions in the province, with an enrollment of 654.38+200,000, an increase of 20.0% over the previous year. 30,000 graduate students, an increase of 25.0%; There were 8,000 graduates, an increase of 28.2%. 59 colleges and universities, with an enrollment of 6.5438+0.5 million, an increase of 20.0%; 466,000 students, an increase of18.9%; Graduates104,000, an increase of 23.2%. Adult colleges and universities enrolled 77,000 students, with 6,543,800 students and 54,000 graduates. There are 44 general secondary specialized schools with 73,700 students, 222,000 students and 80,000 graduates. There are 2,697 ordinary middle schools with 66 1 10,000 students, 24 1 10,000 students and 728,000 graduates. There are 32,000 students in adult secondary specialized schools. Primary school 1079 1, with 384,000 students, 2,365,438 students+5,000 students and 458,000 graduates. Special education schools enrolled 960,000 students and enrolled 600,000 students. There are 423,000 children in kindergarten. Adult technical schools have trained 1554000 students.
economy
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
In 2004, the province's GDP reached 530.3 billion yuan, an increase of 1 1.7% compared with the previous year, an increase of 1.4 percentage points.
per capita GDP (gross domestic product)
In 2004, the province's per capita GDP was 13897 yuan, an increase of 1 1.6%.
Industrial output value and growth rate
In 2004, the industrial added value was 2.81.44 billion yuan, an increase of 1.3% over the previous year, accounting for 53. 1% of the GDP.
Agricultural output value and growth rate
In 2004, the total output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery was113.66 billion yuan, an increase of 19.3% over the previous year. The grain output was 3 1.35 million tons, an increase of 24.8%.
Foreign trade situation
In 2004, the total import and export value reached US$ 6.79 billion, an increase of 27.4% over the previous year.
state revenue
In 2004, local fiscal revenue reached 34.93 billion yuan, an increase of 22. 1% over the previous year. The local fiscal expenditure was 75.84 billion yuan, an increase of 20.4% over the previous year in terms of comparable diameter.
Business and people's lives
In 2004, the total retail sales of social consumer goods was155.54 billion yuan, an increase of 13.0% over the previous year, with an increase of 2.9 percentage points, the highest increase since 1997. In 2004, the per capita disposable income of urban residents was 747 1 yuan, an increase of 1 1.9% over the previous year. The per capita net income of rural residents was 3,005 yuan, an increase of 496 yuan (current price) over the previous year, an increase of 19.8% (current price). At the end of 2004, the number of people participating in the basic old-age insurance in the province was 738 1 10,000; 4.758 million people participated in unemployment insurance; There are 55 1 10,000 people participating in the basic medical insurance. There are 1.57 million people in the province receiving the minimum living security relief.
Poverty population and poverty alleviation plan
There are 14 national poverty alleviation and development counties, 7 provincial poverty alleviation and development counties, 3 1 12 poverty alleviation and development villages (including 14 ethnic villages with small population) and 3.66 million poor people in our province. Implement the strategy of "one-time planning, two-year implementation, village-by-village acceptance and batch promotion". During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, the province * * * completed the poverty alleviation and development tasks of10/8 key villages and 14 minority villages with a small population, and has helped 960,000 poor people get rid of poverty. The poverty alleviation and development work started well and the village achieved remarkable results. First, the channels for increasing income have been broadened, and the income of poor households has increased substantially. By supporting poor households to develop income-increasing projects, the single planting structure in the past has been changed, and the income of poor people has shown a good momentum of sustained growth. The per capita income of farmers in key villages increased from 1 105 yuan in 2006 to 2 175 yuan in 2004, an increase of 96.8%. The second is to improve road conditions and solve difficult problems. * * * The village road 1.987 km and the number of bridges and culverts 1.98 were completed, which basically realized the rain or shine, reduced the production and transportation costs, promoted the circulation of agricultural products and facilitated the production and life of the people. The third is to improve the level of agricultural machinery and equipment and improve agricultural production conditions. We purchased large tractors and harvesters 135 sets, 403 supporting agricultural implements, drilled 4,489 drought-resistant wells, and built 983 small-scale irrigation and water conservancy facilities, which improved the ability to resist disasters and reduce disasters, improved the standardized operation level of agricultural production, and promoted the increase of grain production, agricultural efficiency and farmers' income. The fourth is to solve the problem of drinking water for people and livestock. 948 drinking wells were drilled for people and livestock, which enabled 574 people in natural villages/KLOC-0 to drink tap water that met drinking standards, and reduced the occurrence of endemic diseases such as Kaschin-Beck disease and goiter. Fifth, medical and health conditions have been improved. In key villages, basically every village has a health center and necessary medical equipment, so that ordinary people can stay in the village for minor illnesses and reach the level of primary health care. Sixth, the construction of animal husbandry service system has been strengthened. Each village has established village-level animal husbandry technical service stations, equipped with corresponding equipment, to provide epidemic prevention, improvement and treatment services for poor people to develop animal husbandry. Seventh, the TV reception conditions of poor households have been improved. Cable TV was installed for198,000 poor households, the household rate increased from 10% to 87.4%, and the number of TV programs received increased from two to more than 10, which enriched the cultural life of the masses and created conditions for farmers to master rural policies, understand social changes brought about by reform and development, and learn all kinds of knowledge. Eighth, it solved the problem of difficult enrollment for poor households. 93 schools were built and maintained, teaching equipment was increased, and the conditions for running schools were improved; Exempt poor students from tuition and miscellaneous fees in key villages and reduce textbook fees; Living allowance for boarders. The enrollment rate and consolidation rate of school-age children reached more than 98%, achieving the goal of "popularizing nine years" education. According to the questionnaire survey of 500 key villages 100 "village officials" and 180 poor households by the provincial agricultural transfer team, the satisfaction of grassroots cadres and the masses in promoting the selection of poverty alleviation targets, the construction of public welfare and infrastructure, poverty alleviation policies, the work of grassroots cadres, technical training and production services reached 100% and 96.7% respectively. At present, 2,080 key villages have not been implemented, and it is planned to be completed in three batches in six years. According to the "Eleventh Five-Year" poverty alleviation and development plan of our province, the third batch of 600 key villages will be supported in 2006-2007; In 2008-2009, the fourth batch supported 700 key villages; 20 10-20 1 1, the fifth batch of 780 key villages to be supported.
mainstay industry
Heilongjiang province has six industrial bases, including equipment, petrochemical, energy, food, medicine and forest products processing. In 2004, the investment in six industrial bases was increased. Tourism has made great progress. In 2004, * * * received 40.753 million domestic and foreign tourists, an increase of 1 1.7% over the previous year, and achieved a total tourism revenue of 25.03 billion yuan, an increase of 12.6%.
Finance and money
Fiscal revenue and expenditure grew steadily. In step with economic development, the province's fiscal revenue and expenditure are in good condition. The annual local fiscal revenue was 24.85 billion yuan, an increase of 14.0% over the previous year, of which the general budget revenue was 213.6 billion yuan, an increase of 12.8%. The fiscal expenditure was 510.35 billion yuan, an increase of 13.5%, of which the general budget expenditure was 47.83 billion yuan, an increase of 12.3%.
The financial situation is basically normal. At the end of the year, the balance of various deposits in financial institutions was 3,7421billion yuan, an increase of 410.50 billion yuan over the beginning of the year. Among them, the company deposits 95.57 billion yuan, an increase of 6.63 billion yuan; Savings deposits of urban and rural residents reached 257.84 billion yuan, an increase of 29.3 billion yuan. The balance of various loans of financial institutions was 335.86 billion yuan, an increase of 20.43 billion yuan over the beginning of the year. Among them, short-term loans amounted to 242.93 billion yuan, an increase of 8.32 billion yuan; Medium-and long-term loans reached 83.065438 billion yuan, an increase of 6.5438 billion yuan. At the end of the year, the accumulated net investment was 9.05 billion yuan.
The securities industry is developing in a standardized way. At the end of the year, there were 34 listed companies and 35 stocks, including 3 listed overseas. The accumulated financing is 654.38+0.48 billion yuan.
The insurance industry continues to grow. The annual premium income was 5.33 billion yuan, an increase of 30.5% over the previous year, of which property insurance premium income 15 1 billion yuan, an increase of 8.5%; Life insurance premium income was 3.5 billion yuan, an increase of 56.4%. The compensation paid was 65.438+0.48 billion yuan, an increase of 33.5% over the previous year. Among them, the amount of property insurance compensation was 800 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of10.9%; The amount of life insurance claims was 440 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 1.2 times.
consistent
Radio and television
In 2004, the comprehensive coverage rate of broadcast population was 98.5 1%, and that of TV population was 98.5 1%. There are 2.6 million cable TV users.
telephone
At the end of 2004, the number of fixed telephone users was109.86 million, an increase of 24.8%; The number of mobile phone users101765438+100000, an increase of 20.8%. The telephone penetration rate in the province was 55.5%, an increase of 10.3 percentage points over the previous year. Internet users 1, 452,000 households, broadband access users 1, 654,38+0,000 households, a threefold increase.
traffic
railway
At present, there are 62 railway trunk lines, branch lines and tie lines in Heilongjiang Province, with the operating mileage of railways exceeding 5,300 kilometers (including local railways exceeding 492 kilometers) and special railway lines exceeding 1.030 kilometers, ranking first in the country. The railway from Suifenhe to Manzhouli via Harbin is an important part of the "Continental Bridge" connecting Europe and Asia. In 2004, the freight turnover of railways was 85.69 billion tons kilometers, an increase of 8.4%; The passenger turnover of the railway was 65.438+0.709 billion person-kilometers, an increase of 654.38+04.5%.
Lugong
In 2004, the turnover of road freight was 20.38 billion tons kilometers, an increase of 25% over 2003. The turnover of highway passengers was 22.58 billion person-kilometers, an increase of 1 1% over 2003. In 2004, the total mileage of highways was 6682 1 km, including 2 national trunk highways, 8 national highways, 30 provincial highways and 225 county highways, with expressways and first-class highways reaching 1.762 km, and highways above the second class reaching 8796 km. 97.7% of townships and 56.39% of villages have access to highways.
Shuilu road
In 2004, the cargo turnover by water transport was 654.38+0.9 billion tons-kilometers, down by 2.7% compared with 2003. The passenger turnover of waterway transportation was 29.7 million person-kilometers, an increase of 3.8% over 2003.
civil aviation
There are five civil airports in Heilongjiang Province, namely Harbin Taiping International Airport, Qiqihar Sanjiazi Airport, Mudanjiang Airport, Jiamusi Airport and Heihe Airport. Except Heihe Airport, they are all international port airports. There are 56 existing routes, including 40 domestic routes, international routes 15 and special management routes 1. Open 15 international city, 1 regional city and 28 domestic cities. Harbin Taiping International Airport can take off and land all kinds of large passenger planes, and the international routes can reach international cities such as Khabarovsk, Vladivostok, Abakan and Yakutsk in Russia, Niigata, Osaka and Seoul in South Korea. International transit routes can reach international cities such as Los Angeles, Vancouver, Sydney, London, Paris, Singapore, Bangkok and Kuala Lumpur. The domestic airline network covers Beijing, Guangzhou, Shanghai, Shenyang, Xi, Shenzhen and other domestic large and medium-sized cities. In 2004, Heilongjiang * * received more than 2.98 million passengers, up 29.2 1% year-on-year, of which Harbin Airport received more than 2.726 million passengers, up 26.9% year-on-year, ranking 22nd in the national airport throughput ranking.
Communications, posts and telecommunications
traffic
200 1 year, the railway mileage is 50 13.2 kilometers, accounting for 8.5% of the country, ranking first in the country. The railway trunk line runs through all directions in the province, and Suifenhe is a "continental bridge" connecting Europe and Asia via Harbin to Manzhouli, which can carry out international transit container transportation business. At present, more than 98% of townships and 95.3% of villages in the province have access to automobiles. Civil aviation has opened 73 domestic and international routes, rebuilt and expanded 5 civil aviation airports, and its comprehensive transportation capacity has been significantly enhanced.
Communication situation
In terms of post and telecommunications, at the end of 20001,every 100 people in the province had telephones 14, with a telephone penetration rate of 28.0%, 4.894 million mobile phones and 302,000 computer network users. At present, all towns and villages have telephones.
General situation of the municipality under its jurisdiction
Harbin Qiqihar Mudanjiang Jiamusi Daqing Jixi Shuangyashan
Daxinganling District, Suihua City, Heihe City, hegang City, qitaihe city City and Yichun City.
Harbin Municipality
Harbin is the capital of Heilongjiang Province, China, the political, economic and cultural center of northeast China, and the largest and second most populous megacity in China. The city's land area is 536.5438+00,000 square kilometers, of which the urban area is 7,086 square kilometers, the built-up area is 3,024,654.38+0 square kilometers, and the urban population is 4.728 million. It governs 8 districts and 10 counties (cities), with a total population of 9.804 million and 48 ethnic groups, including 660,000 ethnic minorities.
Harbin is located at125 42'-13010' east longitude and 44 04'-46 40' north latitude. It is located in the center of Northeast Asia and is known as the Pearl of the Eurasian Continental Bridge. It is the first important hub of Eurasian continental bridge and air corridor. The rivers in Harbin belong to Songhua River system and Mudanjiang River system, and the precipitation is mainly concentrated from June to September, with an average annual precipitation of 569.38+0 mm. The climate belongs to the mid-temperate continental monsoon climate, with long winter and short summer, and is known as the "ice city". There are 63 kinds of minerals found in the city, and 25 kinds of minerals with proven resource reserves, including energy minerals 1 species, metal minerals 10 species and non-metal minerals 14 species. There are 12 nature reserves in the city, including 4 provincial nature reserves with an area of 1 19400 hectares. There are 50 species of wild animals and 7 species of plants under national first-class and second-class protection.
Harbin-Dalian Railway mainly includes Harbin-Dalian Railway, Sui Bin Railway, Binzhou Railway, Binbei Railway and Labin Railway connecting China. Harbin's waterway routes are all over Songhua River, Heilongjiang River, Wusuli River and Nenjiang River, and are connected with some ports in the Russian Far East. After passing through the waterway-river combined transport line, it leaves tatar strait in the east, and ships can go directly to Japan, North Korea, South Korea and Southeast Asia. Taiping International Airport has an annual passenger throughput of more than 3.6 million passengers, and can handle passenger and cargo combined transport services in more than 1 10 countries. At present, there are 18 airlines stationed in Harbin Taiping International Airport, with 64 international and domestic routes and 53 navigable cities.
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