With the continuous development of urban transportation, subway, as a convenient and fast means of transportation, is favored by many large and medium-sized cities. More and more cities have made subway traffic development plans, and large and medium-sized cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Nanjing, Chongqing, Xi, Shenyang and Chengdu have launched subway projects one after another, which has become an important engineering field of supervision. Since the implementation of China's construction project supervision system, it has been developing continuously in the practice of various engineering construction fields for more than ten years. However, in the field of subway engineering, most supervision enterprises and engineers lack relevant supervision experience because they are less involved in engineering practice. Therefore, it is very important to summarize the experience of subway engineering supervision and exchange and learn in the industry to improve the quality of supervision in this field. Characteristics of subway engineering Compared with general industrial and civil construction projects, subway construction projects have many different characteristics. Compared with railway engineering and ground urban rail engineering, it also has its own characteristics. These characteristics are mainly manifested in: large investment, investors are mostly local governments. M subway invests 600 million yuan, and a subway with a distance of more than ten kilometers invests billions to billions, which is far from being comparable to ordinary housing construction projects. Due to the high investment and slow return, the main body of subway investment is generally local government, and the source of funds is mainly local financial funds, supplemented by social funds ... the construction period is long and the construction period is tight. The construction period of subway projects is generally more than 5 years. However, the urgency of solving urban traffic congestion requires the project to be completed and put into use as soon as possible, and the construction period is urgent ... involving a wide range of specialties, strong professionalism, many applications of new technologies, new materials, new processes and new equipment, and great technical difficulties. Subway engineering includes tunnel engineering, track engineering, station engineering, communication and signal engineering, water supply and drainage engineering, air conditioning and ventilation engineering, power supply engineering, electric traction engineering, housing construction engineering and many other majors. With the development of social economy, the application of "four innovations" is increasing, which puts high demands on the technical level of supervision ... there are many construction sites and long queues. In the management of subway engineering, the project is generally divided into multiple construction tenders and supervision tenders, and a supervision tender often contains multiple construction tenders, so the establishment of supervision institutions is more complicated. The geological conditions and ground conditions along the line change greatly ... safety accidents are prone to occur. Except for subway entrances and exits, the construction faces of all subway projects are located more than ten meters underground in the city. The complexity of geological conditions determines that safety accidents are prone to occur, and landslides and groundwater are common safety hazards. Due to the intricate underground municipal pipe network and numerous buildings above ground, the safety accidents in construction will not only affect the project itself, but also seriously affect the existing buildings and structures if the top of the tunnel collapses ... The social impact is great, and the government and society attach great importance to it. Because of the large investment, it is related to the travel of citizens. The subway project is the key project of every city government, and government officials, the media and even the public are very concerned about the progress of the project. Difficulties and problems faced by subway engineering supervision The above characteristics of subway engineering determine that subway engineering supervision faces many difficulties and problems. These difficulties affect the supervisors and enterprises engaged in supervision work, and also affect the subway construction itself. Not only supervisors need to face it seriously, but also supervision enterprises and subway construction units need to analyze and study it seriously.
The status of the main body of supervision is not prominent. Like other fields of engineering construction, in the process of subway construction, among the three participants, the construction unit, the construction unit and the supervision unit, the main position of the supervision unit is the least prominent. As the legal person of the project, the construction unit, namely, Party A of the contract, is the subject of investment, with absolute subject status and right to speak; As a key project invested by the government, the leader of the subway construction unit is often the leader of the government department, so its main position will be consolidated. As the main body of the construction task, the construction unit has a large contract amount, and its behavior determines whether the progress of the project construction and the degree of investment completion can finally meet the investment requirements of the construction unit. In a sense, the work quality of the construction unit directly dominates the construction process, so its main position is beyond doubt. However, due to the small contract amount, no direct investment, no direct organization of construction to complete the project construction, and the old concept of emphasizing construction over management formed in China for many years, its main position is difficult to be guaranteed and even marginalized.
Supervision is marginalized as follows: the construction unit ignores the existence of the supervision unit, directly issues various instructions to the construction unit, directly manages the construction process outside the supervision, but investigates the responsibility of the supervision unit when the project is not progressing smoothly; Supervision units can't exercise their rights normally, but they can't be exempted; The construction unit can ignore the instructions of the supervision unit.
It is difficult to set up supervision institutions and the supervision power is insufficient. Subway engineering supervision institutions are usually composed of two levels: the general supervision engineer's office and the resident supervision engineer's office. In order to complete the supervision work better, the supervision unit needs to configure the supervision organization according to the division of construction tenders, the distribution of work sites, geographical location, the scope of engineering specialty, schedule requirements and other factors. The complexity of subway engineering determines that it is very difficult to scientifically configure institutions.
Due to the rapid development of subway projects in recent years, the training of related talents has not developed simultaneously, and the shortage of talents is very prominent. Supervision units are not attractive to talents because of their low wages, low sense of professional accomplishment and poor development prospects. At present, the limited subway engineering talents are mainly concentrated in construction units and scientific research units. Therefore, the supervision units engaged in subway engineering supervision are facing a serious shortage of talents.
The lack of supervisors makes the establishment of regulatory agencies more difficult, which directly leads to the irregularity of regulatory work. The supervision work is not standardized, and there are many irregularities in the supervision work of subway projects due to the lack of qualified supervisors and the lack of supervision experience of supervision units and supervisors. As a key project invested by the government, the requirements of the construction unit for contractors are much more standardized than those of ordinary projects invested by the private sector, but whether and how the supervision enterprises and supervisors can adapt to this standardized management and requirements is a big problem.
On the one hand, the proportion of supervisors with subway engineering management experience is small, so it is difficult for them to fully grasp the technical specifications and standards related to subway engineering in a short time, let alone fully understand the technical characteristics of adopting new technologies, new equipment, new processes and new materials, and even adapt to the subway engineering management system and methods advocated by the construction unit. Seriously, even the supervision unit lacks relevant experience and can't work out effective implementation rules for subway engineering supervision. On the other hand, most supervisors with experience in subway engineering management introduced by supervision enterprises come from construction units, scientific research units and retired technicians, and their understanding of supervision work is not enough to complete the supervision work well. Their biggest feature is that they don't understand the supervision norms, can't carry out supervision work according to the guidance of supervision planning, and don't know how to do or what to do. Therefore, we attach importance to quality control and schedule control, ignoring investment control, contract management and information management; Pay attention to the study and application of construction technical knowledge, but ignore the study and application of economic, legal and management knowledge; Attach importance to the standards of current technical specifications and ignore the study and application of "four innovations"; Pay attention to macro-rough management, ignore the details of supervision, and be lazy to go deep; Pay attention to the inspection of the construction process and ignore the scheme audit in the construction preparation stage; Pay attention to on-site work and ignore the analysis and summary of internal data and information management; Paying attention to work attitude and neglecting work effect are all manifestations of irregular supervision work.
In addition, the lack of advanced supervision means is also a prominent problem. In the subway construction project, the construction unit has high requirements on the contents and timeliness of supervision weekly, monthly, quarterly and annual reports, so the management of engineering supervision information requires timely, accurate and complete contents. How to make good use of network communication technology and improve the level and efficiency of computer information management is an important topic for large-scale project supervision.
There are many hidden dangers in construction, and the supervisors are on pins and needles. As a subway construction prone to safety accidents, the hidden danger in the construction is a big stone that is pressed on the head of each participant. The supervision and management of safe production such as waterproof, fire prevention and landslide prevention is an important daily work of subway construction supervision. The Regulations on the Administration of Work Safety in Construction Projects, which was implemented in 2000, clearly stipulates the responsibilities that supervisors should bear for safety accidents. However, in the construction safety accidents of Shanghai Metro Line 4 and Beijing Metro Line 5, the relevant supervision units and supervisors were punished for taking responsibility, which caused certain psychological pressure to the supervisors. As mentioned above, due to various factors, all underground subway construction is prone to safety accidents, and some even have a wide impact and great losses, such as the accident of Shanghai Metro Line 4. Because the public and the media pay more attention to the subway, some accidents are "specially taken care of" by the media, such as the accident of Beijing Metro Line 5. Thereby increasing the psychological pressure of supervisors currently engaged in subway engineering supervision. Proper pressure is the driving force of work, and excessive pressure will have a negative impact on normal work. This is another difficult problem that needs to be solved in subway supervision.
There are many inspections, inspections, inspections, meetings and visits, and the supervisor is tired of coping. Because it is a key project, the construction unit is complex, and many government departments directly participate in the management and coordination of the project. From the various departments of the construction unit to the relevant government departments, the inspection of the project is a prominent feature of the subway project. At the same time, there are so many inspections, inspections, meetings and visits that the supervision is tired of coping. Most problem-solving meetings, such as experts discussing a scheme, are really beneficial to the project, and regular inspections are also effective for supervision, but too much formal content will have an adverse impact on the work and the project itself. How to identify useful inspections, meetings, inspections, etc. It is a great test for the supervision engineer's work coordination ability to make use of it, skillfully avoid the content that wastes time and energy and coordinate the relationship between all parties.
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