A detailed description of the type
0 1
Interbank lending refers to unsecured financing between financial institutions that enter the national interbank lending market through a unified nationwide interbank lending network with the approval of the People's Bank of China.
In the past, the credit lending market was divided into on-site and off-site markets. Over-the-counter market refers to the fact that the two parties to the transaction agree on the transaction elements and sign a contract, complete the liquidation through offline transfer, and then report to the relevant departments of the People's Bank of China. On-site transactions are completed through the national unified interbank lending network, which automatically generates lending contracts and completes transactions without additional filing. Because there are certain operational risks in the contract content and liquidation process, OTC trading has basically stopped now. At present, we believe that OTC lending generally refers to interbank lending business.
2
Inter-bank lending refers to the inter-bank capital lending business given by the current laws and regulations to financial institutions with this business scope. Inter-bank lending related funds are accounted for in the subject of "lending and borrowing funds".
The biggest difference between interbank lending and interbank lending is over-the-counter trading, which is lent to non-bank institutions. Compared with interbank lending, interbank lending is an over-the-counter transaction, and both parties sign contracts privately, which has a lot of "personalized" content. In recent years, the most common business, that is, bank financial institutions issue interbank loans to financial leasing companies, auto financing companies and consumer finance companies, with the loan term generally ranging from 6 months to 1 year, or even as long as 3 to 5 years.
three
Inter-bank deposit business refers to the inter-bank deposit and withdrawal business of funds between financial institutions, in which depositors are only financial institutions qualified to absorb deposits. Interbank deposit business is divided into settlement interbank deposit and non-settlement interbank deposit according to term, business relationship and purpose.
Interbank deposit certificates are book-entry time deposit certificates issued by deposit-taking financial institutions in the national interbank market. After issuance, it can enter the secondary market and can also be used as collateral for pledged repo transactions. It is an important pilot tool for interest rate marketization.
Interbank deposit business is conducted in the form of one-to-one deposit, while interbank deposit certificates are issued in the form of one-to-many certificates, which is a more standardized product. In addition, there are some differences between interbank deposits and interbank certificates of deposit in terms of business term, pricing method, business platform and business development model. Details are as follows:
① To carry out the business of interbank certificates of deposit, only the counterparties need mutual recognition, and the issuance of interbank certificates of deposit needs to be filed with the central bank. Before issuing interbank certificates of deposit, institutions need to file the issuance quota of the current year with the central bank, and determine the issuance quota and duration of each interbank certificate of deposit within the quota, but the single issuance quota shall not be less than 50 million yuan.
② Interbank deposits are more flexible than interbank certificates of deposit. The term of interbank deposits can be agreed by both business parties, generally 7 days, 14 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, and can generally be withdrawn in advance as agreed. The issuance period of interbank certificates of deposit is relatively standard, which can be 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months, 1 year, 2 years and 3 years. ?
③ The quotation of interbank deposits is guided by the prices of big banks and market conditions, and the pricing of interbank deposit certificates is based on the Shibor interest rate of the same term and the supply and demand of deposit certificates market. Interbank certificates of deposit with a term not exceeding 1 year are issued at a fixed interest rate. If the term exceeds 1 year, the interest will be calculated with Shibor as the floating interest rate benchmark. ?
④ Inter-bank deposits are offline business, and there is no unified trading platform and perfect information distribution channels. The issuance of interbank deposit certificates is more open and transparent. Electronic issuance through the issuance system of the National Interbank Funding Center. The announcement before the issuance and the registered issuance information will be made public on the website of the foreign exchange trading center.
four
Inter-bank payment refers to the financing behavior that commercial banks (trustees) accept the entrustment of financial institutions (customers) to pay corporate customers, and customers repay the principal and interest on the agreed repayment date. The interbank payment of the trustee is accounted for in the loan account, and the interbank payment of the trustee is accounted for in the loan account.
five
Buy-and-sell (sell-and-buy-back) refers to the financing behavior that two financial institutions first buy (sell) financial assets according to the agreement, and then sell (buy-back) the financial assets at the agreed price on the maturity date. Repurchase-sell (resale) related funds are accounted for in the "Repurchase-sell (resale) financial assets accounting subject". Similar transactions between three or more counterparties shall not be included in the management and accounting of repurchase or resale business.
six
Inter-bank investment refers to the investment behavior of financial institutions to buy (or entrust other financial institutions to buy) inter-bank financial assets (including but not limited to financial bonds, subordinated debts, etc.) or special-purpose carriers (including but not limited to commercial bank wealth management products, trust investment plans, securities investment funds, asset management plans of securities companies, asset management plans of fund management companies and subsidiaries, asset management products of insurance asset management institutions, etc.). ).
seven
Discounting refers to the bill behavior that the holder of a bank acceptance bill transfers the bill rights to the bank in order to obtain funds before the bill expires. This is a way for banks to raise money from holders. Among them, discounting is divided into bank acceptance bills and commercial acceptance bills.
eight
The current rediscount means that commercial banks discount bills that have not yet expired to other commercial banks or discount institutions to obtain financing when funds are temporarily insufficient. Discounted cash is divided into bill buyout and bill repurchase.
nine
Re-discount refers to the behavior of the central bank to provide financing support to commercial banks by purchasing discounted but not yet expired commercial bills held by commercial banks.