In order to implement the spirit of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the State Council's decision on strengthening environmental protection in Scientific Outlook on Development, improve the quality of soil environment, ensure the quality and safety of agricultural products, build a good living environment and promote the construction of a new socialist countryside, we hereby put forward the following opinions on strengthening the prevention and control of soil pollution:
First, fully understand the importance and urgency of strengthening the prevention and control of soil pollution
(1) Preliminary results have been achieved in the prevention and control of soil pollution. The CPC Central Committee and the State Council attached great importance to the prevention and control of soil pollution. All localities and departments have conscientiously implemented the central government's decision-making and deployment on environmental protection, constantly intensified their work, and made active explorations and beneficial practices in carrying out basic soil surveys, improving relevant systems and norms, strengthening pollution source supervision, improving the scientific and technological support capacity for soil pollution prevention and control, and organizing pilot demonstrations of contaminated soil remediation and comprehensive management, and achieved initial results.
(2) The soil environment is facing a severe situation. At present, the overall situation of soil pollution in China is not optimistic, with serious soil pollution in some areas, and there are heavy pollution areas and high-risk areas in heavily polluting enterprises or industrial intensive areas, industrial and mining areas and their surrounding areas, cities and suburbs; The types of soil pollution are diverse, showing the coexistence of old and new pollutants and inorganic-organic composite pollution; There are many ways of soil pollution, the reasons are complex and it is difficult to control; The supervision and management system of soil environment is not perfect, the investment in soil pollution prevention and control is insufficient, and the awareness of soil pollution prevention and control in the whole society is not strong; The quality and safety problems and mass incidents of agricultural products caused by soil pollution are increasing year by year, which has become an important factor affecting people's health and social stability.
(3) It is of great significance to strengthen the prevention and control of soil pollution. Soil is the basic environmental factor that constitutes an ecosystem and the material basis for human survival and development. Strengthening the prevention and control of soil pollution is an important measure to thoroughly implement Scientific Outlook on Development, an important part of building a national ecological security system, an important guarantee to realize the quality and safety of agricultural products, and an important content of environmental protection work in the new period. Environmental protection departments at all levels should further enhance their sense of urgency, responsibility and mission from a global and strategic perspective, put the prevention and control of soil pollution in a more important and prominent position, coordinate the prevention and control of soil pollution, and effectively solve outstanding soil environmental problems.
Second, clear the guiding ideology, basic principles and main objectives of soil pollution prevention and control (4) guiding ideology. Under the guidance of Scientific Outlook on Development, with the overall goal of improving the quality of soil environment, ensuring the quality and safety of agricultural products and building a good living environment, and focusing on agricultural soil environmental protection and environmental protection supervision of contaminated sites, establish and improve laws and regulations on soil pollution prevention, implement soil pollution prevention institutions and personnel, strengthen scientific and technological support, broaden capital investment channels, intensify publicity and education, consolidate the work foundation, improve management level, effectively solve outstanding soil environmental problems related to the vital interests of the people, and provide environmental protection for building a well-off society in an all-round way. (5) Basic principles. Prevention first, combining prevention with treatment. Soil pollution control is difficult, costly and takes a long time. Therefore, the prevention and control of soil pollution must focus on prevention. We should conscientiously sum up the experience and lessons of soil pollution prevention and control at home and abroad, comprehensively apply laws, economy, technology and necessary administrative measures, and implement the combination of prevention and control. Overall planning, key breakthroughs. Prevention and control of soil pollution is a complex systematic project, involving laws and regulations, regulatory capacity, scientific and technological support, capital investment and publicity and education. , to overall planning, comprehensive deployment, step by step implementation. Focus on environmental protection supervision and management of agricultural soil and contaminated site soil. According to local conditions, classified guidance. Combined with local conditions, according to the present situation of soil environment and the level of economic and social development, different countermeasures and measures are taken to prevent and control soil pollution. Rural areas should focus on basic farmland and important agricultural products, especially "vegetable basket" bases; Urban areas should be based on the relevant planning of urban construction and land use, and the focus of supervision is on the abandoned and polluted soil of industrial sites that have been adjusted for non-industrial use. Government-led and public participation. Soil is an indispensable public resource for economic and social development, which is related to the quality and safety of agricultural products and people's health. It is the responsibility of governments at all levels to prevent soil pollution. Environmental protection departments at all levels shall, under the unified leadership of Party committees and governments at the same level, conscientiously perform their duties of comprehensive management, supervision and law enforcement, actively coordinate with departments of land, planning, construction, agriculture and finance, and do a good job in the prevention and control of soil pollution. Encourage and guide social forces to participate in and support soil pollution prevention and control. (6) Main objectives. By 20 10, the soil pollution survey will be completed in an all-round way, and the national soil environmental quality situation will be basically found out; Preliminary establishment of soil environmental monitoring network; Complete the national and local soil pollution prevention and control planning, and initially construct the management system framework such as soil pollution prevention and control policies and regulations; Prepare and implement an action plan for soil environmental safety education to raise public awareness of soil pollution prevention and control. By 20 15, the supervision and management system for soil pollution prevention and control will be basically established, and a number of policies and regulations for soil pollution prevention and control will be promulgated to further improve the standard system for soil pollution prevention and control; Establish an emergency plan for soil pollution accidents and further improve the soil environmental monitoring network; The supervision ability of soil environmental protection has been significantly enhanced, and the public's awareness of soil pollution prevention has been significantly improved; The plan for prevention and control of soil pollution has been fully implemented, scientific research on prevention and control of soil pollution has been carried out in depth, and the demonstration project of remediation and comprehensive management of contaminated soil has achieved remarkable results. Third, highlight the key areas of soil pollution prevention and control (7) supervision and management of agricultural soil environmental protection. Focus on basic farmland and important agricultural products producing areas, especially "vegetable basket" bases, and carry out agricultural soil environment monitoring, evaluation and safety zoning. Strengthen the supervision of key pollution sources that affect the soil environment, strictly control sewage irrigation in major grain producing areas and vegetable bases, and strengthen environmental management of pesticides, fertilizers and their discarded packaging materials and the use of agricultural films. Put forward opinions on adjusting the use of cultivated land that is seriously polluted and difficult to repair, and strictly implement the cultivated land protection system. Actively guide and promote ecological agriculture and organic agriculture, standardize the development of organic food, organize the construction of demonstration counties for organic food production, and prevent and control the pollution of agricultural production activities to the soil environment. (eight) supervision and management of soil environmental protection in contaminated sites. Combined with the investigation of soil pollution in key areas, systematically investigate contaminated sites, especially those left over and abandoned by urban industries, master the types, pollution scope and pollution degree of soil and groundwater pollutants in the original site and its surrounding areas, and establish a soil file and information management system for contaminated sites. Establish a risk assessment and remediation system for contaminated soil. For the development and utilization of sites and other land that may be polluted after the relocation of polluting enterprises, the environmental protection department should urge the relevant responsible units or individuals to carry out risk assessment of contaminated soil, clarify the responsible subjects and technical requirements for remediation, supervise the soil treatment and remediation of contaminated sites, and reduce the risk of the impact of land reuse, especially changing to residential land, on human health. For environmental problems such as soil and groundwater pollution caused by residual pollutants, the original production and business operation unit shall be responsible for controlling and restoring the use function of soil. Strengthen supervision and inspection of key industries and enterprises such as chemical industry, electroplating and oil storage, and deal with soil pollution problems in time when they are found. If the regional or centralized industrial land intends to change its use, the local environmental protection department should urge the relevant units to carry out risk assessment on the contaminated site, and take the risk assessment conclusion as an important basis for planning environmental assessment. At the same time, we should actively promote the relevant departments to carry out planning environmental impact assessment according to law, and organize the review of planning environmental impact assessment documents according to the prescribed procedures; The environmental protection department shall not approve the environmental impact assessment documents of new projects in areas where the planning environmental impact assessment is not carried out according to law. According to the principle of "whoever pollutes will treat it", the polluted soil or groundwater shall be repaired and treated by the units and individuals that caused the pollution. If the unit that caused the pollution is changed due to restructuring, merger or division, the responsibility for repair and treatment undertaken by it shall be borne by the unit that inherits its creditor's rights and debts after the change. Unless otherwise agreed by the parties before the change, such agreement shall prevail; However, the parties concerned are not exempted from the responsibility of preventing and controlling pollution. If the unit that caused the pollution has been terminated, or the unit or individual that caused the pollution cannot be determined due to historical reasons, the contaminated soil or groundwater shall be repaired and treated by the relevant people's government according to law; If the land use right enjoyed by the unit is transferred according to law, the transferee of the land use right shall be responsible for the repair and governance. Unless otherwise agreed by the parties, such agreement shall prevail; However, the parties concerned are not exempted from the responsibility of preventing and controlling pollution. Four. Measures to strengthen the prevention and control of soil pollution (9) Do a good job in the national survey of soil pollution. Environmental protection departments at all levels should strengthen communication and coordination, effectively integrate resources, strengthen quality management, and implement matching funds in accordance with the unified deployment of the national soil pollution survey to ensure the progress and quality of the survey; On the basis of integrating the survey results, organize the development and utilization of the survey results to serve the national and local economic and social development. At the same time, it is necessary to strictly implement the relevant state confidentiality regulations, and do a good job in information security and confidentiality of data, documents, materials and reports to ensure foolproof. (ten) to establish and improve the laws, regulations and standard system for the prevention and control of soil pollution. Pay close attention to the study and formulation of laws, regulations and policies and measures related to the prevention and control of soil pollution. Accelerate the formulation of supervision and management measures for soil environmental protection in contaminated sites, and organize their implementation. Organize the formulation and revision of relevant standards such as soil environmental quality, contaminated soil remediation, contaminated site identification, and soil environmental monitoring methods. And constantly improve the standard system of soil environmental protection. Encourage local governments to adjust measures to local conditions and actively explore and formulate practical local laws, standards and policies and measures for the prevention and control of soil pollution. (eleven) to strengthen the capacity building of soil environmental supervision. Incorporate soil environmental quality monitoring into the construction of advanced environmental monitoring and early warning system, formulate soil environmental monitoring plan and organize its implementation. Further increase investment, continuously improve environmental monitoring capacity, gradually establish and improve national, provincial and municipal soil environmental monitoring networks, and regularly publish national and regional soil environmental quality status. Strengthen the construction of soil environmental protection team, increase training, and cultivate and introduce a group of professional talents. Formulate emergency treatment and disposal plans for soil pollution accidents. Prepare national and provincial special plans for soil pollution prevention and control, and organize their implementation. National and local environmental protection plans should include the prevention and control of soil pollution, and put forward specific objectives, tasks and measures. (twelve) to carry out pilot demonstration of contaminated soil remediation and comprehensive management. According to the survey results of soil pollution, organize relevant departments and scientific research units to screen practical technologies for contaminated soil remediation, strengthen the integration of contaminated soil remediation technologies, select representative farmland and contaminated sites in sewage irrigation areas, and carry out pilot projects for contaminated soil remediation. Focus on supporting a number of national key remediation demonstration projects to provide demonstration and accumulate experience for a wider range of soil pollution remediation. (thirteen) the establishment of soil pollution prevention and control investment mechanism. Local governments should increase investment in soil pollution prevention and control to ensure that investment increases year by year. Set aside a certain proportion of special funds such as sewage charges concentrated by the central government for the prevention and control of soil pollution to ensure that the funds increase year by year and tilt appropriately to the central and western regions; Local governments should also allocate certain funds in their budgets for soil pollution prevention and control. Our department will coordinate the central financial department to give financial subsidies to local soil pollution prevention and control as appropriate. Financial funds mainly support soil environmental monitoring, investigation and evaluation of contaminated sites, scientific research and technology development of soil pollution prevention and control, and demonstration project construction of contaminated soil remediation and comprehensive management. According to the principle of "whoever invests will benefit", guide and encourage social funds to participate in the prevention and control of soil pollution. (fourteen) to enhance the ability to support science and technology. Organize the research on the methods and index system of soil environmental quality evaluation and the techniques and methods of soil pollution risk assessment. Research and development of contaminated soil remediation technology, preparation of contaminated soil remediation technical guidelines, formulation of soil pollution prevention and control technical policies and best feasible technical guidelines for soil pollution prevention and control, and screening of practical technologies for contaminated soil remediation. Promote the establishment of a number of national key laboratories for soil pollution prevention and control and soil remediation engineering technology centers. Develop a number of national soil analysis and testing methods and standard samples, and develop contaminated soil remediation equipment. Actively carry out international cooperation and exchanges to continuously improve the scientific and technological level of soil pollution prevention and control in China. (fifteen) to increase the publicity, education and training of soil pollution prevention and control. Give play to the guiding role of public opinion, make full use of radio and television, newspapers and magazines, the Internet and other news media, and vigorously publicize the harm of soil pollution and the relevant scientific knowledge, laws, regulations and policies to protect the soil environment. Incorporate the prevention and control of soil pollution into environmental education and cadre training in schools, factories, rural areas and communities, and guide the masses to actively participate in and support the prevention and control of soil pollution.