Drop-and-hang transportation refers to a motor vehicle (main vehicle) that has the power to continuously tow more than two load-bearing devices (including semi-trailers, full trailers and even containers on the train chassis). After leaving the trailer at the destination, drag other devices full of goods back to the original place or drive to a new place, so as to improve the turnover rate of vehicle transportation and facilitate the mode of transportation for the owner to load goods. There are broad and narrow meanings of left and right transport. Broadly speaking, all kinds of traffic modes that can replace trailers can be called left and right traffic. In a narrow sense, drop-and-hang transportation is a mode of transportation in which a trailer loaded with goods is transported to a destination by a tractor, and then the trailer is replaced by a new trailer and transported to another destination. Tractor and trailer are two different types of vehicles, each with its own driving license and operation certificate, which can realize the replacement of different trailers on the same tractor.
Second, the advantages of throwing and hanging transportation
With the rapid development of economy, the limitations of traditional truck transportation are increasingly exposed, mainly in the following aspects: the waiting time of vehicles is long, and it takes half a day to load and unload; The actual loading rate is low and the average transportation cost is high. When transporting bicycles, the actual loading rate is generally around 70%-75%. After using slings and hanging for transportation, it can basically reach more than 90%. Single-vehicle transportation has many loading and unloading times, high labor intensity and high cargo damage and cargo difference; The average fuel consumption is high, there are many drivers, and the cost of manual management and logistics is high. It is under these disadvantages that throwing and hanging transportation came into being. At present, there are many ways to carry out drop-off transportation in China: one line and two points, two ends, some at one end and some at two ends, which is simple and easy to operate. There is also a circular suspension, which is implemented at three o'clock, four o'clock and five o'clock. Specifically, sling and trailer transportation has the following advantages:
1. Drop-and-hang transportation can reduce the number of tractors and the investment cost. First, tractors engaged in trailer transportation are generally equipped with about three trailers, which improves transportation efficiency and reduces the demand for tractors by transportation enterprises. The price of trailer is much cheaper than that of tractor. Under the same conditions, throwing and hanging transportation can reduce the number of tractors and reduce the cost of purchasing, maintaining and managing tractors. Second, the tractor and trailer are required to be configured according to the ratio of 1: 3, which can reduce the number of drivers and personnel expenses. The driver's fee is a big expense for car maintenance. Drop-and-hang transportation reduces the number of tractors, and can also reduce the number of drivers accordingly, thus reducing personnel expenses.
2. Drop-and-hang transportation can reduce logistics costs and improve transportation efficiency. First of all, because trailer transport mostly adopts fully sealed van or container transport vehicle, the safety is greatly guaranteed. At the same time, automatic auxiliary equipment is used to load and unload goods, and the damage rate of goods is very low. Secondly, due to the time benefit created by drop-off transportation, materials can be ordered at will, and there is basically no problem of material backlog in manufacturing enterprises, which effectively enhances the liquidity of goods, creates conditions for realizing zero inventory and saves the storage cost of goods. Thirdly, the tractor and trailer can be separated freely, which reduces the waiting time for cargo loading and unloading, speeds up the turnover of the tractor, and there is no "empty" situation, which can save unnecessary fuel consumption, reduce costs and improve the production efficiency of the tractor; Fourthly, the unique axle of trailer makes the bearing capacity and volume much larger than that of truck, and the long-distance freight transportation benefits are obvious. Reduce the waiting time for loading and unloading, speed up the turnover of tractors, improve the utilization rate of tractors, speed up the transfer of goods, and ease the inventory pressure. The turnover of goods completed by bicycle can be increased by 30%-60%. Fifth, it can promote the development of multimodal transport of automobile transport, railway transport and waterway transport, realize the combined transport of railway piggyback transport and water ro-ro transport based on automobiles, give full play to the technical and economic advantages of various modes of transport, reduce cargo loading and unloading operations, and improve the loading and unloading efficiency of railway vehicles and ships.
3. Improve the level of intensive and logistics technology. On the one hand, it is objectively necessary to establish a relatively perfect national or regional transportation network, guide the cooperation between transportation enterprises, and effectively integrate logistics resources to ensure the overall optimization of the supply chain while continuously meeting the personalized transportation service needs of production enterprises. These objective requirements can effectively promote the construction and development of logistics distribution centers and logistics nodes in freight stations and yards, promote the real networked operation of automobile transportation industry, develop towards intensification, organization, scale, networking, informationization and standardization, and continuously improve the logistics service capacity and level. On the other hand, the overall technical level of road freight transportation is higher. We need specialized drop-off operation stations to provide production process services such as picking, parking, tally, loading and unloading, and information management systems to provide functions such as vehicle management, vehicle monitoring and dispatching, order management, warehousing management, loading and unloading tally management, and comprehensive enterprise management. At the same time, we also need standardized vehicle equipment to ensure that different tractors and trailers can be freely combined. Therefore, drop-off transportation can promote the improvement of logistics technology.
4. Conducive to energy conservation and emission reduction. On the one hand, the technical characteristics of separation of tractor and trailer can effectively reduce energy consumption. According to statistics, when transporting goods with the same weight, the fuel consumption of van semi-trailer is only about half of that of ordinary trucks. On the other hand, the organization mode of trailer transportation can reduce the idle driving and invalid transportation of vehicles, and reduce energy consumption and exhaust emissions as a whole. According to the calculation of the Ministry of Transport, taking Shanghai North Logistics Company as an example, if one tractor is equipped with three trailers, the operating cost will be reduced by more than 30%, of which the energy consumption will be reduced by 33%, which will save the operating cost for the company by about 60 million per year. If the national road freight transportation industry can increase the turnover rate of passenger drop-off transportation to 10%, it can save fuel equivalent to 3-4 million tons of standard coal every year, and correspondingly reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 6.5-8.5 million tons. In addition, the research on the efficiency of multi-axle heavy-haul trains in the United States shows that the combined multi-axle truck train can reduce the road wear by about 1/4- 1/3 compared with a single van, and transport the same amount of goods can reduce the road traffic volume by as much as 85%.
Expansion: Characteristics of Railway Freight Contract
Railway transportation is the economic artery of this country. It is one of the ways of logistics transportation. Compared with other means of transportation. Let's take a look at the following features.
1, the accuracy and continuity of railway transportation are strong. Railway transportation is almost unaffected by climate, and it can run regularly, regularly and accurately all year round.
2. The railway transportation speed is relatively fast. The speed of railway freight can reach hundreds of kilometers day and night, and that of ordinary trucks can reach about 100km/h, which is much higher than that of sea transportation.
3. The traffic volume is relatively large. A railway freight train can generally transport 3000 ~ 5000 t of goods, which is much higher than air transport and automobile transport.
4. The cost of railway transportation is low. The cost of railway transportation is only one tenth to one tenth of the cost of automobile transportation; The fuel consumption of transportation is about one twentieth of that of automobile transportation.
5. Railway transportation is safe, and the risk is far less than that of sea transportation.
6. Large initial investment. Railway transportation needs track laying, bridge construction and tunnel construction, and the road construction project is arduous and complicated; Need to consume a lot of steel and wood; Occupy land, its initial investment greatly exceeds other modes of transportation.
In addition, railway transportation consists of transportation, maintenance, vehicles, public works, electricity and other business departments. In order to have strong accuracy and consistency, it is necessary to coordinate all business departments, which requires overall arrangement and unified leadership in transportation command.