Guest: Li Jiaying, Senior Engineer of Central Meteorological Observatory; Wang Yi, Engineer of General Division of Command and Coordination Department of National Safety Production Emergency Rescue Command Center.
Moderator: Xinhuanet reporter China Meteorological News reporter Ye China Safety Production News reporter
Live broadcast platform: Weibo @ China Meteorological Bureau, a live broadcast, today's headlines.
Overall planning:, Ye,, Liu Jia,,.
Reporter: What are the characteristics of the weather in the flood season this year? What are the high-impact weather?
Li Jiaying: In general, the weather and climate in flood season in China presents three characteristics. First, the spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation is uneven, and the flood disaster in the south is heavier. Second, high temperature weather has a wide range of influences and lasts for a long time. Third, typhoons are concentrated, with more typhoons landing in Fujian and Guangdong. The high-impact weather in the flood season this year is mainly heavy rain, high temperature and typhoon.
Since the flood season, there have been many rainstorms in southern China, and some areas have suffered from rainstorms, floods, flash floods, landslides and other disasters. From June 29th to July 2nd, there was continuous heavy rainfall in Guizhou, Hunan and Jianghuai areas, and floods exceeding the warning level occurred in the whole Xiangjiang River basin, the middle and lower reaches of Zizijiang River, the whole Yuanjiang River basin and Dongting Lake area.
On June 30th, affected by heavy rainfall, the Xiangjiang River in Changsha, Hunan Province was flooded with water level exceeding the warning level. Image source: Xinhuanet
High temperature weather affects a wide range and lasts for a long time. The high temperature in northern China began on June 26th, and weakened and eased on July15th. During this period, the daily maximum temperature in Xinjiang, Gansu, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi and other 10 provinces (regions) 149 counties and cities exceeded 40℃. After the meiyu in the south, there was a large-scale continuous high temperature weather. From July 10 to July 28th, the daily maximum temperature in 185 counties (cities) exceeded 40℃.
Since the beginning of this year, a total of typhoons 10 have been generated in the northwest Pacific Ocean and the South China Sea, which is more than the multi-year average of 8.410.6, of which 4 have landed, and the number of landings is more than the same period of normal years. In late July, typhoons in the northwest Pacific entered an active period, and six typhoons were generated in a week from July 21-July 28, which is very rare.
Common meteorological secondary disasters affecting safe production in flood season.
Reporter: What types of safety accidents are prone to occur during the flood season? What are the impacts of common disastrous weather in flood season on different industries?
Wang Yi: There are many kinds of meteorological disasters in China, with great intensity, heavy impact and long duration. Especially in flood season, rainstorm, typhoon, strong wind and lightning will affect production safety. Typhoons can easily cause ships to capsize and production facilities to sink; Floods caused by rainstorm will lead to accidents such as mine flooding, mine flooding, tailings dam collapse, open pit landslide and building collapse. Strong winds can easily cause tower cranes to collapse; Lightning can cause dangerous goods, fireworks fire, explosion, electrical equipment damage, open-air workers being struck by lightning and other accidents.
Li Jiaying: Persistent heavy rain and torrential rain may cause secondary disasters such as basin floods, urban waterlogging, mountain torrents, mudslides and landslides, which may further lead to production safety accidents. Urban roads, especially under sunken overpasses, are prone to water accumulation, resulting in traffic paralysis; Underground spaces such as urban subways and underground shopping malls may also be flooded. When there is strong convective weather such as short-term heavy precipitation, thunderstorms and tornadoes, strong winds may cause buildings to collapse, crops and trees to be destroyed, vehicles and ships to be out of control, power communication and transportation facilities to be damaged, and building tower cranes to collapse. Hail often destroys crops, orchards, buildings and vehicles.
Safety production in flood season focuses on industry.
Reporter: In the face of these disastrous weather, how should production and business units take precautions in advance?
Wang Yi: The flood season is prone to accidents in key industries such as mines, dangerous chemicals, road and water transport, construction, electric power and water conservancy. Therefore, production and business units should attach great importance to it and take effective measures to prevent it in advance. First, we must formulate preventive measures for safe production in flood season. Conduct a comprehensive analysis and assessment of risks, determine key prevention areas and links, and formulate prevention and response plans and measures. Second, we should carry out in-depth safety inspection and hidden danger investigation in flood season. For example, check the flood control and water prevention of mining enterprises. , and immediately rectify the hidden dangers and problems found. Third, we should further improve the emergency plan for accidents. Organize targeted emergency drills, effectively connect with local government emergency plans, and make emergency preparations for equipment, materials and teams. Fourth, we must grasp the forecast and early warning information in time. Once the relevant level of forecast and early warning information is received, preventive measures such as stopping production and withdrawing should be taken immediately.
Reporter: How does the meteorological department make decision-making services for disastrous weather?
Li Jiaying: The meteorological department will provide key disaster prevention services for the upcoming disastrous weather when making decision-making services. For example, when there is a typhoon, if the wind is strong, we will focus on the harm caused by strong winds in coastal areas; After the typhoon goes deep inland, continuous heavy rainfall will cause secondary disasters such as landslides and mudslides, and it is important to remind mountainous areas to pay attention to preventing geological disasters; Urban waterlogging may occur in heavy rainfall areas, and specific defense suggestions will be put forward.
Reporter: The disastrous weather in flood season has brought challenges to safety production. What has the National Emergency Rescue Command Center done?
Wang Yi: First, arrange the deployment in time. The State Administration of Work Safety jointly with the China Meteorological Bureau issued the Notice of the State Administration of Work Safety of China Meteorological Bureau on Further Strengthening Meteorological-related Safety Work, and the Emergency Rescue Command Center issued the Notice on Implementing the Spirit of the National Video Conference on Work Safety and Doing a Good Job in Emergency Management of Work Safety in the Important Period of 20 17. From July to June, 5438+00, especially the implementation of safety precautions in flood season is regarded as one of the five important contents of enterprise inspection. The second is to organize safety inspection in flood season. All localities combined with the actual situation to improve emergency plans, strengthen emergency drills, and carry out hidden dangers investigation and centralized rectification in key industries. The third is to organize and guide professional rescue teams to carry out emergency rescue preparations in flood season. The fourth is to further improve the joint disposal mechanism of early warning and forecasting of natural disasters. Strengthen emergency linkage and information sharing with meteorological, water conservancy, land, ocean, earthquake, military and other departments.
Reporter: What are the characteristics of accidents caused by meteorological disasters this year? How to strengthen prevention in production and life?
Wang Yi: Since this year, there are three main characteristics of accidents caused by meteorological disasters. First, the cause of the accident is mainly disastrous weather such as heavy rain and strong wind. Second, enterprises and individuals do not have a strong awareness of daily prevention, do not pay timely attention to meteorological disaster forecasting and early warning information, and lack preventive measures. Third, the investigation and management of hidden dangers is not in place.
Strengthen prevention in production and life from the following aspects: First, strengthen personal safety awareness. The second is to master common sense of disaster prevention. Everyone should seize the opportunity to participate in training and enhance their disaster prevention ability. The third is to pay attention to early warning information in time. Take the initiative to pay attention to all kinds of early warning information, so as to plan ahead and take the initiative to attack. The fourth is to improve the ability of self-help and mutual rescue. Everyone should pay attention to and master the skills of disaster prevention and avoidance, escape and survival, and improve the ability of self-help and mutual rescue.
Reporter: From the perspective of professional rescue, please ask experts to put forward the requirements and precautions for confined space operations such as wells and reservoirs?
Wang Yi: A confined space refers to a space that is closed or partially closed, relatively isolated from the outside, with narrow entrances and exits, so that operators cannot work in it for a long time, and the natural ventilation is poor, which may easily lead to the accumulation of toxic, harmful, flammable and explosive substances or insufficient oxygen content. Summer is a relatively concentrated period of accidents in limited space, mainly for two reasons: First, due to the high temperature, the biochemical action is accelerated, which is easy to cause the accumulation of toxic and harmful gases and easily lead to suffocation or poisoning death. Second, frequent rainfall is easy to cause rainwater accumulation in a limited space, and accidents such as falling and drowning are easy to occur during work activities.
The operation in confined space is a high-risk operation, so it is necessary to follow the working procedure of "ventilation first, then detection, then operation", and the operation can only be carried out after the ventilation is good and the detection reaches the standard. What needs special reminder is that after an accident occurs in limited space operation, relevant personnel on site should immediately call the police, and blind rescue is prohibited. When carrying out rescue, emergency personnel should do a good job of self-protection, wear necessary breathing apparatus and rescue equipment, and carry out emergency rescue work on the basis of ensuring the safety of rescuers themselves.
Reporter: What are the adverse effects of high temperature weather on production and life? How to deal with it?
Li Jiaying: In hot weather, the demand for water and electricity for heatstroke prevention and cooling has soared, resulting in a long-term shortage of water and electricity supply and frequent failures; Tourism, transportation, construction and other industries will also be affected to varying degrees. Outdoor workers get heatstroke.
When the weather is hot, workers should wear less shirtless to avoid sunburn. The picture comes from the internet.
The impact of high temperature weather on agriculture is particularly serious. High temperature aggravated soil water evaporation and crop transpiration. When high temperature and little rain occur at the same time, it will cause serious soil moisture loss and accelerate the development of drought. At the same time, continuous high temperature and little rain are easy to cause fires and destroy the ecological environment.
Everyone should try to avoid traveling or working outdoors at high temperature; When suffering from heatstroke, you should rest immediately, drink cold water to cool down, and go to the hospital immediately when the condition is serious. When the weather is hot, the agricultural areas with water deviation should be irrigated in time to prevent adverse effects on agricultural production, and the forest-covered areas should be fireproof.
Reporter: At present, it is the main flood season of "seven downs and eight ups". Any suggestions for flood control safety?
Wang Yi: First, the main flood season is in summer, which is the peak of travel. Netizens should pay attention to the safety of travel. Avoid going to areas vulnerable to natural disasters, remind netizens to pay attention to weather forecast and early warning information in advance, and adjust or change their itinerary in time. Second, I hope that everyone will pay more attention to learning the common sense of safe travel and ensure their own safety.
The above knowledge about the flood season, I hope it can help you understand these knowledge in depth. If you find it useful, you might as well recommend it to your friends around you.