As we all know, there are always potential hazards in people's work activities or working environment, which may cause property losses, harm the environment, affect human health and even cause injury accidents. These hazards are chemical, physical, biological, ergonomic and other kinds. People refer to the possibility of one or some dangers causing accidents and their possible consequences as risks. Risk can be evaluated by indicators such as probability of occurrence, harm scope and loss size. The object of modern occupational safety and health management is occupational safety and health risks. The losses caused by accidents caused by risks are various, generally divided into the following aspects:

(l) Injuries to the employees themselves and others' lives;

(2) Health injuries of employees themselves and others (including psychological injuries);

(3) Damage and loss of data, equipment and facilities (including failure to work normally within a certain period of time or for a long time);

(4) Accident handling expenses (including indirect expenses such as shutdown and accident investigation);

(5) Increase the economic burden of organizations and employees;

(6) Mental, psychological and economic injuries and losses of employees themselves and others' families, friends and society;

(7) ***, industry, public opinion criticism and accusation;

(8) organizational image damage caused by legal investigation and news exposure;

(9) Investors or financial departments lose confidence;

(10) Damage and loss of organizational reputation and loss of business opportunities;

(1 1) The market competitiveness of the products declines;

(12) Complaints, complaints and criticisms from employees themselves and others. The loss of occupational safety and health accidents includes direct loss and indirect loss, and the cost of loss far exceeds the cost of medical treatment and disease compensation, that is to say, the indirect loss is generally far greater than the direct loss. There are two kinds of risk-induced accidents that cause losses: personal factors and work/system factors. Personal factors include: lack of physical/physiological structural ability, such as height, weight, lack of stretching, sensitivity or allergy to substances; Insufficient thinking/psychological ability, such as insufficient understanding, poor judgment, poor sense of direction, etc. ; Physiological stress, such as feeling overload and fatigue, exposure to extreme temperature, lack of oxygen, etc. Thinking or psychological stress, such as emotional overload, requires extreme concentration/attention, etc. ; Insufficient knowledge, such as insufficient training, misunderstanding, etc. ; Insufficient skills, such as insufficient internship; Incorrect driving force, such as inappropriate colleague competition. Work/system factors include: insufficient guidance/supervision, such as unclear or conflicting authorization responsibilities, insufficient decentralization, and insufficient policies, procedures, operating methods or guidance; Insufficient engineering design, such as insufficient consideration of human factors/ergonomics, insufficient preparation for operation, etc. Insufficient procurement, such as incorrect storage materials or transportation materials, insufficient identification of dangerous goods, etc. ; Insufficient maintenance, such as insufficient lubricating oil and maintenance, and insufficient inspection equipment. ; Insufficient tools and equipment, such as insufficient working standards, abnormal wear and tear of equipment, abuse or misuse, thus, loss control is not limited to the scope of personal safety control. Dr Deming and other management scientists found that about 65,438+05% of the problems in a company can be controlled by employees, and about 85% or more problems can be controlled by management. Losses are not "inevitable" costs in enterprise management, but can be prevented and eliminated through management.

2. Occupational health knowledge

Hello!

The hazards of tin are as follows:

Most tin and its inorganic compounds are low toxic substances. Generally, as long as the protection is proper, there is no obvious harm to the human body in a short time. However, some tin salts and long-term exposure to tin dust can cause tin lung and may be neurotoxic!

So if you are exposed to tin dust for a long time, you need to pay attention to protection, especially to protect the respiratory tract. Some tin salts, such as tin tetrachloride, should also protect your skin from contact!

Because of the different varieties of tin, the harm to human body is also different, but most of them invade the respiratory tract and digestive tract, some damage the skin mucosa, and a few are neurotoxic!

General respiratory manifestations may appear in the initial stage: mild dyspnea and dry cough, which will not affect work ability; Mid-term: obvious dyspnea, which will affect work ability; Final stage: unable to work.

Malignant, vomiting, abdominal pain and constipation may occur in the digestive tract.

Ulcers will appear on the skin.

Harm of lead: Long-term exposure to lead can lead to neurotoxicity, which is manifested as listlessness and obvious fatigue in the early stage and chronic dizziness and headache in the later stage. Acute poisoning, chronic harm and "three causes" harm

The following methods can avoid the harm of lead to human body:

First of all, don't use lead-containing materials to make tableware, and it is best not to use colored glazed ceramic products to hold acidic food and drinks; Try to go to streets or highways with large traffic and serious lead pollution as little as possible, especially for children. Drivers should not smoke gasoline with their mouths, keep a certain distance from the car in front when driving, and it is best to close the windows on crowded roads. Traffic police, auto repair and gas station staff should take a bath and change clothes in time after work, and go to the hospital for regular inspection so as to find and treat them in time.

3. What are the occupational diseases of road transport enterprises?

Definition of occupational disease:

1. Diseases directly caused by occupational hazards in occupational activities.

2. Occupational diseases prescribed by statutory occupational diseases laws and regulations are called statutory occupational diseases. 132 diseases listed in the classification and catalogue of occupational diseases (version 20 13).

3. Occupational disease diagnosis standard is a technical standard for occupational disease diagnosis with regulatory significance. As the basis for occupational disease department and related clinicians to diagnose and deal with occupational diseases.

4. Classification standard of occupational disease diagnosis adopts clinical and laboratory representative indicators that can be used as the basis of occupational disease diagnosis to distinguish the severity of the disease.

5. On-the-spot investigation goes deep into the operation or accident site to investigate, aiming at understanding the types, nature, sources, contacts and health status of people of the same type of work, monitoring the working environment and health examination of contacts when necessary, and clarifying the relationship between occupational hazards and health damage.

6, the nature of the disease of occupational disease diagnosis, the degree of illness and whether there is a causal relationship with occupational hazards. We must make a comprehensive dialectical analysis and logical reasoning according to the results of occupational history, field investigation and medical examination, and exclude other diseases with similar manifestations before making a diagnosis.

4. What does the occupational health and safety training include?

1, ideological education

Ideological education includes ideological education and labor discipline education. Ideological and cognitive education is mainly to improve the policy level of leaders at all levels and workers through the education of occupational health and safety policies and regulations, correctly understand the occupational health and safety policy, and conscientiously implement occupational health and safety laws and regulations, so as not to command or operate illegally.

Labor discipline education is mainly to make managers and workers understand the importance of strictly observing labor discipline to realize safe production, improve the consciousness of observing labor discipline and ensure safe production.

2, occupational health and safety technical knowledge education

Occupational health and safety technical knowledge education includes production technical knowledge, basic occupational health and safety technical knowledge and professional occupational health and safety technical knowledge.

Production technology knowledge refers to the basic production situation, production process flow, operation method or process flow, product structure and performance, performance and knowledge of various machinery and equipment used, assembly, packaging, transportation and inspection knowledge.

Basic occupational health and safety technical knowledge refers to the basic knowledge and precautions of particularly dangerous equipment and areas and their safety protection in enterprises; Basic safety knowledge of electrical equipment; Protection against toxic and harmful operations; General fire prevention rules; Proper use of personal protective equipment, and methods of reporting casualties, etc.

Professional occupational health and safety technical knowledge refers to the professional occupational health and safety technical knowledge that employees of special types of work must have, including professional safety technology and industrial hygiene technical knowledge such as boilers, pressure vessels, electricity, welding, lifting machinery, explosion prevention, dust prevention, gas inspection and motor vehicle driving.

3, typical accident education

Typical accident education is based on the accident lessons of the enterprise or foreign company. Through the education of typical accidents, leaders and employees at all levels can see the loss of people's lives and state property caused by illegal behavior and illegal command, improve safety awareness, learn from accidents and prevent similar accidents.

Extended data:

Safety training and education plan Safety production education is an important condition for economic development and one of the important contents of enterprise modernization management. Safety education in production and business units is an important way to implement the policies and objectives of the unit, realize safe and civilized production, improve the safety awareness and quality of employees, prevent unsafe behaviors and reduce human errors.

As an important and effective means to strengthen safety production management and prevent accidents, the importance of safety production education system lies in improving the sense of responsibility and consciousness of managers and employees in this unit to do safety production management well.

Help them correctly understand and learn occupational safety and health laws, regulations and basic knowledge; Secondly, it can popularize and improve employees' safety technical knowledge, enhance employees' safety operation skills, and understand employees' position and role in safety production.

With the continuous development of modern science and technology, new technologies, new materials and new processes are widely used, especially with the gradual deepening of China's political and economic system reform, new forms of labor organization are constantly emerging, which has brought profound changes to the society's knowledge structure, technical structure and management structure, and also put forward new requirements for the safety labor education system and training.

It is of far-reaching significance to attach importance to and strengthen safety labor protection education. With the continuous progress of society and the development of enterprises, the management of safety production should also go to a higher level.

5. What does the occupational health and safety training include?

The basic contents of occupational health and safety education mainly include ideological education, occupational health and safety technical knowledge education and typical accident education.

(1) Ideological education includes ideological education and labor discipline education. 1) Ideological education is mainly to improve the policy level of leaders at all levels and employees through the education of occupational health and safety policies and regulations, correctly understand occupational health and safety policies, and conscientiously implement occupational health and safety regulations, so as not to command or operate illegally.

2) Labor discipline education is mainly to let managers and employees know the importance of strictly observing labor discipline to realize safe production, improve the consciousness of observing labor discipline and ensure safe production. (2) Occupational health and safety technical knowledge education Occupational health and safety technical knowledge education includes production technical knowledge, basic occupational health and safety technical knowledge and professional occupational health and safety technical knowledge.

1) production technology knowledge refers to the basic production situation, production process, operation method or process, product structure and performance, performance and knowledge of various machines and equipment used, and knowledge of assembly, packaging, transportation and inspection. 2) Basic occupational health and safety technical knowledge refers to the basic knowledge and precautions of particularly dangerous equipment and areas in the enterprise and their safety protection; Basic safety knowledge of electrical equipment; Protection against toxic and harmful operations; General fire prevention rules; Proper use of personal protective equipment, and methods of reporting casualties, etc.

3) Professional occupational health and safety technical knowledge refers to the professional occupational health and safety technical knowledge that employees of special types of work must have, including professional safety technical knowledge and industrial hygiene technical knowledge such as boilers, pressure vessels, electricity, welding, lifting machinery, explosion-proof, dust-proof, anti-virus, gas inspection and motor vehicle driving. (3) Typical accident education is based on the accident lessons of this enterprise or foreign enterprise. Through the education of typical accidents, leaders and workers at all levels can see the loss of people's lives and state property caused by illegal behavior and illegal command, improve safety awareness, learn from accidents and prevent similar accidents.

6. How to do a good job in enterprise occupational health management

State administration of work safety Order No.23 "Interim Provisions on Supervision and Management of Occupational Health in Workplaces" was deliberated and adopted at the office meeting of Director state administration of work safety on June 15, 2009, and is hereby promulgated and shall come into force on September 1 2009.

Chapter II Responsibilities of Production and Business Operation Units Article 8 A production and business operation unit with occupational hazards shall set up or designate an occupational health management institution, and be equipped with full-time or * * * occupational health management personnel to be responsible for the prevention and control of occupational hazards in the unit. Article 9 The principal responsible persons and occupational health management personnel of a production and business operation entity shall have occupational health knowledge and management ability suitable for the production and business operation activities of the entity, and receive occupational health training organized by the safety production supervision and management department.

Article 10 The production and business operation entities shall conduct regular occupational health training for employees before and during their posts, popularize occupational health knowledge, and urge employees to abide by the laws, regulations, rules, national standards, industry standards and operating procedures for the prevention and control of occupational hazards. Article 11 Production and business units with occupational hazards shall establish and improve the following occupational hazard prevention and control systems and operating procedures: (1) Responsibility system for occupational hazard prevention and control; (2) Occupational hazard notification system; (3) Occupational hazard declaration system; (4) Occupational health publicity, education and training system; (five) the system of maintenance and repair of occupational hazard protection facilities; (six) the management system of protective equipment for employees; (seven) the daily monitoring and management system of occupational hazards; (eight) the management system of occupational health monitoring files for employees; (9) Operating rules for post occupational health; (10) Other occupational hazard prevention and control systems stipulated by laws, regulations and rules.

Article 12 The workplace of a production and business operation entity with occupational hazards shall meet the following requirements: (1) The production layout is reasonable, and hazardous operations are separated from harmless operations; (2) The workplace is separated from the place of residence, and no one may live in the workplace; (3) Having effective protective facilities suitable for the prevention and control of occupational hazards; (4) The intensity or concentration of occupational hazard factors meets the national and industrial standards; (five) other provisions of laws, regulations, rules and national standards and industry standards. Thirteenth production and business units with occupational hazards shall, in accordance with the relevant provisions, timely and truthfully declare their occupational hazards to the safety production supervision and management departments, and accept the supervision and inspection of the safety production supervision and management departments.

Article 14 If the construction projects, technical transformation and technology introduction projects of new construction, reconstruction and expansion projects (hereinafter referred to as construction projects) may cause occupational hazards, the construction unit shall, in accordance with the relevant provisions, entrust an occupational health technical service institution with corresponding qualifications for pre-evaluation at the feasibility demonstration stage. The pre-evaluation report of occupational hazards shall be reported to the safety production supervision and management department where the construction project is located for the record.

Fifteenth construction projects that produce occupational hazards shall prepare a special article on the prevention and control of occupational hazards in the preliminary design stage. Special articles on prevention and control of occupational hazards shall be reported to the safety production supervision and management department where the construction project is located for the record.

Article 16 The occupational hazard protection facilities of a construction project shall be designed, constructed and put into production and use simultaneously with the main project (hereinafter referred to as "three simultaneities"). The cost of occupational hazard protection facilities shall be included in the project budget of construction projects.

Seventeenth before the completion of the construction project, the construction unit shall, in accordance with the relevant provisions, entrust an occupational health technical service institution with corresponding qualifications to evaluate the control effect of occupational hazards. When the construction project is completed and accepted, its occupational hazard protection facilities shall pass the acceptance according to law and obtain the approval documents of occupational hazard protection facilities before they can be put into production and use.

The evaluation report on the control effect of occupational hazards and the approval document for the acceptance of occupational hazard protection facilities shall be submitted to the safety production supervision and management department where the construction project is located for the record. Article 18 A production and business operation entity with occupational hazards shall set up a bulletin board in a conspicuous position to announce the rules and regulations, operating procedures and monitoring results of occupational hazards in the workplace.

For operations that cause serious occupational hazards, warning signs and Chinese warning instructions should be set up in eye-catching positions. Warning instructions shall specify the types, consequences, prevention and emergency measures of occupational hazards.

Article 19 Production and business operation entities must provide employees with occupational hazard protection articles that meet the national standards and industry standards, and urge, educate and guide employees to wear and use them correctly in accordance with the rules of use. It is not allowed to issue money or articles instead of issuing occupational hazard protection articles. The production and business operation entities shall regularly maintain and maintain the protective articles against occupational hazards to ensure the effectiveness of the protective articles.

Do not use occupational hazard protection articles that do not meet national standards, industry standards or have expired. Twentieth production and business units shall regularly maintain, overhaul and maintain the occupational hazard protection facilities, and regularly test their performance and effects to ensure that they are in a normal state.

Shall not dismantle or stop using occupational hazard protection facilities without authorization. Twenty-first production and business units with occupational hazards should have a special person responsible for the daily monitoring of occupational hazards in the workplace to ensure that the monitoring system is in normal working condition.

The monitoring results shall be announced to employees in a timely manner. Twenty-second production and business units with occupational hazards shall entrust intermediary technical service institutions with corresponding qualifications to detect occupational hazard factors at least once a year and evaluate the status quo of occupational hazards at least once every three years.

The results of regular inspection and evaluation shall be stored in the occupational hazard protection archives of the unit, announced to the employees, and reported to the local safety production supervision and management department. Article 23 If a production and business operation entity finds that the intensity or concentration of occupational hazard factors in the workplace does not meet the national standards or industry standards in the process of daily occupational hazard monitoring or regular detection and evaluation, it shall immediately take measures for rectification and treatment to ensure that it meets the requirements of occupational health environment and conditions.

Twenty-fourth to provide production and business units with equipment that may cause occupational hazards, it shall provide Chinese instructions, and set warning signs and Chinese warning instructions in the eye-catching position of the equipment. Warning instructions should explain the equipment performance, possible occupational hazards, precautions for safe operation and maintenance, and protective measures against occupational hazards.

The twentieth.

7. What aspects should be paid attention to in the safety management of road transport enterprises?

Frequent road traffic accidents have become a very serious social problem.

According to relevant data, in recent years, there are more than one million accidents caused by human factors every year in China, resulting in hundreds of thousands of deaths. Traffic accidents account for about 70% of all accidents.

Accidents are as fierce as tigers, and have become the second biggest killer of human life besides diseases in modern society. It not only caused huge economic losses to society, but also brought irreparable great misfortune to countless families. How many lives have been disabled or killed, and how many families have been fragmented. Then, as a high-risk industry under the market economy system, how can road transport enterprises start with strengthening safety management and "prevention first" to reduce accidents and let employees, especially drivers, better protect themselves and others? One is to improve the system and standardize the management of "no rules, no Fiona Fang".

Perfecting various safety production systems is the basis of safety work, and standardizing safety production management is the key. Refine safety management and implement safety production responsibilities at different levels.

Implementing the responsibility system for production safety is a reliable guarantee to strengthen the daily management of production safety. The tasks and measures will be decomposed and implemented in various departments and posts, and the "one-vote veto" system linking safety with wages and benefits and safety in production will be implemented.

At the same time, the main leaders of the unit signed letters of responsibility with leaders in charge, units and departments, departments and specific posts, forming a chain system and management pattern with clear responsibility for production safety, detailed terms and clear rewards and punishments, so that everyone is truly responsible for production safety. Adhere to the safety meeting system and strengthen the daily management of safety production.

Regular safety meeting system is an effective means to strengthen the daily management of safety production. Adhere to regular safety meetings, do a good job in publicizing and studying laws and regulations in the form of meetings, do a good job in analyzing typical cases of traffic accidents and warning education, analyze the safety production situation of the enterprise and its own unit, study and implement corresponding measures, deploy the next safety production work, and ensure the orderly advancement of safety production. Second, strengthen education and improve the quality of drivers. A large number of traffic accidents show that human factors are the main causes of traffic accidents, which are mainly drivers' neglect of safety, illegal driving, inattention, slow response, lack of experience and unfamiliar technology.

Enterprises should strengthen safety education for drivers, so that they can improve the quality of safety production, firmly establish safety awareness, understand safety knowledge, abide by safety rules and regulations and operating procedures, master safety skills skillfully, and abide by professional ethics and ethics. In addition, enterprises must also strictly control the "three customs": first, strictly control the employment of drivers and assess them from the aspects of driving skills, ideology and morality, education level, physical condition and comprehensive quality; The second is to strictly control the inspection.

It is necessary to strengthen daily and regular inspections, never be soft on drivers who violate the rules, and resolutely punish or repel them, so that the driver team will always be in good condition; The third is to strictly control the inspection. It is necessary to check the driver's certificate, qualification, skills, health, etc. in a timely manner in combination with the annual inspection and annual inspection of the traffic police and transportation departments, and at the same time establish basic files to lay a solid foundation for the standardized and comprehensive management of drivers.

Make the driver management gradually move towards standardization, standardization and proceduralization. Third, implement measures to prevent the risk of safety accidents. Road transport is one of the high-risk industries, with the characteristics of high accidents.

Therefore, it is the guarantee to ensure the survival and development of transportation enterprises to do well the risk prevention of safety accidents, eliminate hidden dangers and contain accidents. The Road Traffic Safety Law highlights the legislative spirit of "people-oriented" and emphasizes the law enforcement concept of the supremacy of human life value.

The principle of putting human life safety first was established. Combined with the fact that the cost of personal injury compensation for traffic accidents in China has risen sharply at present, in order to improve the enterprise's ability to resist risks, strengthen the safety awareness of operators and protect the legitimate rights and interests of citizens, enterprises should establish performance bond, safety bond and safety fee systems in addition to high insurance.

Thereby reducing the economic responsibility that enterprises have to bear when accidents occur. Regularly carry out safety inspection to eliminate hidden dangers in time.

Conscientiously implement the policy of "safety first, prevention first". Especially before major festivals, it is necessary to carry out key inspections, do a good job in the post of drivers and passengers, vehicle technology and transportation loading inspection, and effectively curb the occurrence of safety accidents.

Advanced technology is adopted to strengthen the dynamic management of vehicles and drivers, and combined with the promotion and installation of GPS global positioning system platform, illegal activities such as speeding and overloading of vehicles are monitored to ensure the safety of driving and drivers. Fourth, adhere to people-oriented and implement humanized management. The elements in the safety management system of transportation enterprises are people, vehicles and environment, and the most critical factor is people.

People are the foundation of an enterprise, and people are the most active and energetic factor in management. The idea of "people-oriented, friendly management, safety and high efficiency" should run through the whole process of transportation production, so that the management of safety production can get twice the result with half the effort.

Humanized management is the main embodiment of implementing the "people-oriented" thought. Humanized management emphasizes people's role replacement and attaches importance to people's subjective initiative.

Therefore, we strive to comprehensively analyze and deal with accidents and people with an objective and scientific attitude and the spirit of seeking truth from facts, so as to learn lessons from accidents and educate drivers and employees who cause accidents. After a traffic accident, the driver is both the perpetrator of the accident.

Another victim of the accident. Some of the perpetrators were injured or even killed. Even if they were not injured, they suffered a great mental blow and fell into deep remorse and regret for the losses caused to the country and people's lives and property.

Therefore, after the accident, we should give full play to the humanistic influence of the enterprise, care for the person responsible for the accident, give spiritual comfort and care for life, resolve the ambivalence of the driver after the accident, analyze the cause of the accident, draw a profound lesson, help him get out of the shadow of the accident, and enlighten and warn other employees. V. Overview As the road transportation industry is a service industry facing the society, it is closely related to people's production and life and the safety of life and property, and its safety production situation involves thousands of households, which is related to the safety of life and property.

Therefore, safety work must not be sloppy, and we must guard against delays. Enterprises must combine themselves.

8. What is the common sense in railway transportation?

Description:? Answer 1: the best answer? +Answer 2? +adaptation 2? Education/Science-> Vocational education->; Vocational training? Freight Forwarder Examination Counseling: Common Sense of Railway Transportation 2065438+February 3, 2000 Source: 233 Online School Railway is a modern transportation system with strict transportation production organization and comprehensive rules and regulations.

Shippers, consignees and carriers should not only abide by the Railway Law of People's Republic of China (PRC), but also implement the Regulations on Railway Transportation and other rules and regulations. It is necessary for users to have a general understanding of the relevant regulations for handling consigned goods, and to protect their legitimate rights and interests while enjoying railway freight marketing services.

Common nouns explain consignment: it means that the shipper requests the railway transportation department to complete the whole process of its cargo transportation in some form. Transportation: refers to the process that the railway transportation department accepts the entrustment of the owner to transport the goods on its behalf and assumes part of the responsibility: the goods transported by LTL and containers are received by the originating station; After the whole vehicle is loaded, it shall be the carrier when the station date stamp is stamped on the cargo waybill.

Shipper: The shipper is the party entrusted with the transportation. The shipper can be an enterprise or an individual.

Carrier: The party undertaking the railway transportation task is the carrier. Transport contract: A railway transport contract is an agreement that defines the rights and obligations between a railway transport enterprise and a shipper, that is, a cargo waybill.