First, the diagnosis of bacterial infection, there are indications for the use of antibacterial drugs.
1. According to the symptoms and signs of the patient, as well as the results of laboratory tests such as blood routine and urine routine, only when the patient is initially diagnosed with bacterial infection and confirmed by pathogenic examination, will the use of antibacterial drugs be prompted.
2. Antibacterials are also suitable for infections caused by pathogenic microorganisms, such as fungi, mycobacterium tuberculosis, nontuberculous mycobacteria, mycoplasma, chlamydia, spirochetes, rickettsia and some protozoa.
3, lack of evidence of bacteria and the above-mentioned pathogenic microorganisms infection, diagnosis can not be established, and virus infection, and there is no indication of using antibacterial drugs.
Second, identify the pathogen of infection as soon as possible and choose antibacterial drugs.
In principle, the selection of antimicrobial agents should be based on the types of pathogenic bacteria and the results of antimicrobial susceptibility tests.
1. Before starting antibacterial treatment, inpatients must collect corresponding samples and immediately send them for bacterial culture, so as to make clear the pathogenic bacteria and drug sensitivity results as soon as possible; Outpatients can be sent for bacterial culture and drug sensitivity test according to the needs of their illness.
2. Critically ill patients can infer the most likely pathogenic bacteria according to the patient's site, primary focus and basic diseases before they know the pathogenic bacteria and drug sensitivity results. , and combined with the local bacterial resistance, first give the experience treatment of antibacterial drugs. Patients with poor curative effect can adjust the administration regimen according to the drug sensitivity results after knowing the bacterial culture and drug sensitivity results.
Thirdly, according to the characteristics of antibacterial action and in vivo process of drugs, drugs are selected.
The pharmacodynamics (antibacterial spectrum and antibacterial activity) and pharmacokinetics (absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion) of various antibacterial drugs are different, so they have different clinical indications. Clinicians should choose antibiotics correctly according to the above characteristics and clinical indications.