1, key points of family education guidance

Family education guidance during marriage and pregnancy is mainly to guide couples to prepare for the knowledge of prenatal and postnatal care and prepare psychologically and materially for the birth of a new life.

2. Guidance points of family education

(1) Pay attention to pre-marital examination, pre-pregnancy examination and prenatal guidance, and improve the quality of the birth population. Encourage newlyweds to take the initiative to participate in pre-marital medical health examination, choose the appropriate age and season of conception, pay attention to the formation of good living habits, and encourage planned pregnant couples to participate in pre-pregnancy health education, health examination, risk assessment, counseling and guidance and other special services. For elderly pregnant women, pregnant women with a history of exposure to teratogenic factors, pregnant women with diseases after pregnancy and pregnant women with other unfavorable eugenic factors, it is necessary to urge them to do a good job in prenatal medical health consultation and diagnosis. For infertile people, guide their scientific diagnosis, symptomatic treatment, and give psychological counseling.

(2) Pay attention to health care during pregnancy and give birth to a healthy fetus. Guide pregnant women to master the knowledge of prenatal and postnatal care, cooperate with hospitals for screening during pregnancy and prenatal diagnosis, and achieve early detection and early intervention; Avoid chemical and physical teratogenic factors such as tobacco and alcohol, pesticides, fertilizers and radiation, and prevent the influence of teratogenic factors such as viruses and parasites; Scientific increase of nutrition, reasonable rest, moderate exercise and psychological adjustment can promote the healthy development of the fetus.

(3) Make corresponding preparations to welcome the arrival of new life. Guide parents-to-be to make corresponding preparations for the birth of newborns, learn parenting methods and skills, purchase necessary articles for children's life and basic sanitary articles to ensure the health of mothers and babies, and create a safe and warm family environment.

(4) Advocate natural childbirth to ensure the health of mother and baby. Strengthen publicity, guide pregnant women to understand the benefits of natural childbirth, do a good job of prenatal medical examination for pregnant women, and help alleviate their labor anxiety.

(2)

/kloc-Physical and mental development characteristics of children aged 0/year and 0-3 years.

Infant, from birth to about 3 years old, is an important period for the development of individual nervous system structure, and the height and weight of children have increased obviously; Follow the development principles from head to toe, from center to periphery, from big movements to small movements, and gradually master the basic movements of human behavior; Language develops rapidly; Show a certain tendency to communicate and be willing to explore the world around you; Gradually establish a parent-child attachment relationship.

2. Guidance points of family education

(1) Promote breastfeeding and enhance the immunity of infants. Instruct lactating mothers to strengthen breast health care and breastfeed in the right way as soon as possible after delivery; Maintain a good state in sleep, mood and health, eat scientifically and increase nutrition; In the stage of insufficient breast milk, adopt a scientific mixed feeding method and add complementary food in time.

(2) Encourage active learning and master the scientific methods of children's daily rearing and nursing. Guide parents to vaccinate their children on time, cultivate their healthy hygiene habits, and pay attention to scientific diet deployment; Intervene children's development as soon as possible, let them see more, listen more, exercise more and touch more, and guide them to carry out appropriate sports and games to enhance their physique; Understand the characteristics and performance of children's growth stage, learn to listen and distinguish children's "language" and appease their emotions; Learn to understand children's symptoms and coping methods, and master common sense of post-illness care.

(3) Formulate life rules and cultivate children's good living habits and behavior habits. Guide parents to understand the laws and characteristics of infant growth, formulate rules for children's daily life, and guide children's daily life behavior according to the rules; Pay attention to the role of father and use life scenes for random education; Guide parents to take positive and intensive educational measures such as encouragement and praise to shape their children's healthy lifestyle.

(4) Strengthen perceptual training to improve children's sensory ability and prevent children's injuries. Guide parents to create independent space and conditions for children's free crawling and full activities, make full use of real objects and phenomena in daily life at any time, and tap their educational value, so that children can gain experience of various sensory activities in the training process of crawling, observation, hearing and touch, and promote their sensory development. At the same time, family protection should be strengthened to prevent accidental injuries.

(5) Pay attention to children's needs and stimulate their imagination and curiosity. Guide parents to provide children with facilities, tools and materials for grasping, playing, doodling, demolition and other activities; Develop children's fine movements such as hand coordination and hand-eye coordination in the form of parent-child games; Appreciate and encourage children's behaviors and works, share children's happiness, promote the development of children's intuitive action thinking, and meet children's curious and fun cognitive needs.

(6) Provide speech demonstration to promote the development of children's language ability. Guide parents to create a relaxed and happy language environment for their children; Improve their oral literacy and provide good speech demonstrations for children; Provide rich materials for children's language learning and imitation, and use various methods to encourage children to speak more; Actively respond to children's language needs and encourage imitation and communication between children.

(7) Strengthen parent-child communication and cultivate children's good mood. Guide parents to pay attention to, respect and understand their children's emotions and give them more encouragement and support; Learn the skills of parent-child communication and communicate with children in a democratic, equal and open way; Objectively understand and reasonably treat children's excessive emotional behavior, and implement parenting strategies suitable for children's personality. Cultivate a good parent-child attachment relationship.

(8) Help children adapt to kindergarten life. Before entering the park, guide parents to consciously cultivate their children's self-care ability, the ability to listen to instructions and obey simple rules. After entering the kindergarten, guide parents to actively understand their children's adaptation to the kindergarten, stabilize their children's emotions through patient communication and persuasion, analyze the reasons for their inadaptability to the kindergarten, and correctly face the anxiety of separation.

(3)

/kloc-Characteristics of physical and mental development of children aged 0/year and 4-6 years.

4-6 years old is a period of children's rapid physical and mental development, which is manifested in the following aspects: children's height, weight, brain, nerves and motor skills have made great progress; The development of large muscles can ensure that children engage in various simple activities; Children are quite skilled in intuitive action thinking and gradually master specific image thinking; Children's vocabulary has grown rapidly and they have basically mastered various grammatical structures; Children begin to show certain interests, hobbies, temper and other personality tendencies, as well as the tendency to play with their peers.

2. Guidance points of family education

(1) Strengthen children's nutrition, health care and physical exercise. Guide parents to lead their children to actively carry out physical exercise; According to children's personal characteristics, find a scientific, reasonable and acceptable diet for children; Scientifically match children's diet, so as to achieve balanced nutrition, diverse types, appropriate proportion, quantitative diet and proper deployment; Constantly learn new ideas and knowledge about children's nutrition.

(2) Cultivate children's good living and hygiene habits. Guide parents and children to work out their children's family life and rest system; Actively use rewards and neglect to correct and eliminate children's bad behaviors and hobbies; Lead children to have regular health check-ups.

(3) Pay special attention to safety education to reduce children's accidental injuries. Guide parents to improve safety awareness and eliminate harmful factors in the living room and surrounding environment as much as possible; Use good examples to influence, educate and enlighten children; Combined with children's life and study, safety education is given to children in the process of * * * participation to improve their life consciousness; Pay attention to children's physical fitness and improve their self-protection ability through activities.

(4) Cultivate children's good interpersonal skills. Guide parents to pay attention to their children's daily communication behavior and give timely help and guidance to their communication attitudes, behaviors and skills; Pay attention to cultivating children's interests, hobbies and specialties, and enhance their self-confidence in communication; Carry out role-playing games to help children practice social skills at home, actively create opportunities for children to communicate with their peers, and cultivate children's habit and quality of being willing to communicate with others.

(5) Enhance children's social adaptability and cultivate their ability to resist setbacks. Guide parents to encourage their children to fully show themselves with an open mind and set a good example in the face of setbacks; Make full use of the media to guide children to learn how to face setbacks; Create timely and appropriate life situations and exercise opportunities in the process of children's growth to face changes and cope with setbacks; Give necessary help and support in the form of encouragement and guidance when children encounter difficulties.

(6) Enrich children's perceptual knowledge and stimulate children's early intelligence. Guide parents to lead their children to care about things and phenomena around them, carry out more outdoor activities, broaden their horizons and enrich their perceptual knowledge; Flexible use of personalized education means to encourage children to take the initiative, take the initiative to participate, accumulate experience and develop potential; Change the traditional way of indoctrination and preaching, and let children play with learning in the game, explore in the operation and grow up in the game in an open and interactive way.

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Physical and mental development characteristics of children aged 1 year and 7- 12.

7- 12 years old is a very important development stage of the whole childhood. The characteristics of children's physical and mental development at this stage are mainly reflected in: children's height and weight are in a relatively rapid development stage; The external organs have developed rapidly, but the perception ability is not perfect enough; Children are in the transition stage from concrete thinking in images to abstract logical thinking; Emotions and feelings are more clear.

2. Guidance points of family education

(1) Do a good job in monitoring children's health to prevent common diseases. Guide parents to scientifically arrange their children's diet and guide children to develop healthy eating habits; Cultivate children's good hygiene habits and work and rest habits; Provide children with a good learning environment, pay attention to eye hygiene and check their eyesight regularly; Supervise children to keep physical exercise, and actively cooperate with health departments to regularly monitor children's health.

(2) Integrating life education into life practice. Guide parents to lead their children to understand life phenomena in nature and help them to establish the consciousness of loving, cherishing and caring for life; Grasp daily life events, and increase children's self-protection knowledge and basic life self-help skills when traveling at home.

(3) Cultivate children's basic self-care ability. Guide parents to pay attention to parenting education, prevent children from being dependent because of doting, and pay attention to the cultivation of children's self-care consciousness; Create a family environment, insist on starting from the details, give priority to encouraging education, improve children's self-care ability and develop self-care habits.

(4) Cultivate children's labor concept and moderate consumption habits. Guide parents to teach their children certain labor skills, create labor opportunities for their children, and cultivate their labor enthusiasm; Encourage children to participate in the family financial budget, reasonably control pocket money, prevent desire from expanding, form the concept of living within our means, and cultivate children's financial awareness.

(5) Guide children to learn to be grateful to their parents, be honest and do things with integrity. Guide parents to set a positive personality model for their children and create a healthy and harmonious family environment; Focus on the big picture, start from the small things, seize the daily life events in time, educate children to respect teachers and respect their elders, and learn to care, appreciate and repay others.

(6) Help children develop good study habits and interests. Guide parents to lead by example, create a quiet environment, guide children to concentrate on their studies and develop good study habits; Pay attention to cultivating children's interest in learning; Correctly treat children's academic performance.

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1,13-15 years old children's physical and mental development characteristics.

13- 15-year-old children are in a transitional period, that is, adolescence. Adolescent children are facing physical and psychological "great changes": physical indicators are close to adults; The secretion of sex hormones is greatly increased, causing sexual germination and maturity; The perception ability is constantly improving, and you can consciously adjust and control your attention; The method of intentional memory is gradually adopted, and its abstract logical thinking is increasingly dominant; Self-control ability has developed obviously, and emotions are no longer completely exposed, but they are still unstable and impulsive.

2. Guidance points of family education

(1) Provide timely, appropriate and moderate gender education for children. Instruct parents to give guidance on adolescent physiological health knowledge to help children understand and adapt to their own physiological changes; Carry out scientific sexual psychological counseling to guide teenagers' heterosexual communication; Strengthen children's sexual moral education and pay attention to controlling unhealthy family stimulation; Guide children to vent their emotions in a reasonable way.

(2) Use the details of daily life to carry out ethical education. Guide parents to strengthen moral cultivation and play an exemplary role in morality; Put "Xiu De as a human being" in the first place and strengthen children's ethical awareness; Affirm children's sense of self-worth and guide children to be morally positive; Create a healthy and upward family atmosphere; Work together with schools and society to purify the family and social and cultural environment.

(3) Carry out information literacy education and guide children to use various media correctly. Guide parents to master the necessary information knowledge and skills; Establish a sense of democracy, be friends with children, and understand their use of various media; Cultivate children's ability to distinguish right from wrong and information processing; Encourage children to learn self-esteem and self-development in the process of using the internet and other media; Pay more attention to encouraging children who are addicted to the internet and other media, and seek professional advice and psychological help according to the actual situation.

(4) Pay attention to children's learning process and promote children's happy learning. Guide parents and children to establish a correct academic attitude and test-taking psychology; Pay attention to the cultivation of children's learning methods and habits; Methods and skills of educating children to overcome test anxiety: work out learning goals with children and encourage children who have achieved phased results in time; Encourage children when they are frustrated in the exam.

(5) Respect and trust children and promote good parent-child communication. Guide parents to put their minds right and get along with their children in an equal manner; Learn the skills of communicating with children and learn to treat children euphemistically, democratically and inclusively; Learn to listen to children's opinions and feelings, and learn to respect, appreciate, identify and share children's ideas; Learn to motivate children in a positive way.

(6) Establish a correct academic outlook and respect children's independent choice. Guide parents to help their children build confidence and face the reality bravely; Assist children to comprehensively analyze their academic level, hobbies, future planning, etc. And choose high school, vocational school or other development methods suitable for their own development; Be tolerant of children's self-choice.

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1,16-18 years old children's physical and mental development characteristics.

16- 18-year-old children enter a relatively stable period after the rapid development of adolescence. Its physical development is mainly manifested in morphological development, maturity and functional development of internal organs, sexual and physiological maturity and so on. In the aspect of cognition, the complete system of children's cognitive structure is basically formed, and abstract logical thinking is dominant; The ability of observation and association has developed rapidly; Emotion and emotion are dominated by concealment and self-control, and self-esteem and inferiority coexist; Sexual consciousness is characterized by unbalanced physical and mental development.

2. Guidance points of family education

(1) Guide children to establish a positive attitude and adapt to the new school life as soon as possible. Guide parents and guide children to establish a healthy attitude towards life; Communicate with children frequently to master their learning situation and ideological trends; Always contact the school to understand the adaptation problems that children may encounter and provide family support in time.

(2) Guide children to communicate with the opposite sex correctly. According to the personality characteristics of children of this age, guide parents to actively carry out social activities and normal heterosexual contacts; Make use of relevant events in daily life to conduct timely and appropriate sexual physiological and psychological counseling; For children with "puppy love" behavior, guide parents to learn to provide experience reference to help children improve their practical ability to deal with problems.

(3) Guide children to "learn to cooperate and learn to share". Guide parents to discuss and share family affairs with their children equally and openly through family meetings and other forms; Encourage children to exercise themselves in collective life and let them taste the happiness of cooperation with others; Encourage children to actively participate in social practice activities, learn to get along with others happily in the activities, and dare to take responsibility.

(4) Cultivate children to be good citizens who know and obey the law. Guide parents to strengthen legal knowledge learning, master the contents and methods of family legal education, and strive to improve legal awareness; Pay attention to lead by example, consciously abide by the law and set an example for children; Establish a democratic and equal relationship with children and earnestly safeguard their rights and interests.

(5) Guide children to establish ideals and beliefs and plan the future reasonably. Guide parents to guide children to establish social responsibility and national consciousness from an early age; Negotiate with children to plan the future, respect and encourage children to make their own choices; Starting from the reality of children, constantly adjust their expectations; Guide children to learn to combine ideal with realistic struggle.

(6) Guide children to establish self-confidence and treat further studies with a normal heart. Guide parents to maintain a normal and orderly family life during the examination period, arrange life and rest scientifically and reasonably, and ensure that children can combine work and rest and be happy physically and mentally; Maintain moderate expectations, encourage children to establish self-confidence and face the exam with a normal heart; Provide reference for children to choose their own wishes and respect their wishes for their future planning and development.

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1, Family Education Guidance for Special Children

(1) Family education guidance for children with mental retardation. Guide parents to establish the concept of "combination of medicine and education", guide children to follow the guidance of doctors and make personalized medical, education and training plans; Improve the obstacle situation through active early intervention measures and cultivate children's ability to adapt to society; Guide parents to strengthen their confidence, set an example, attach importance to the training of children's daily life norms, step by step, and persevere.

(2) Family education guidance for hearing-impaired children. Guide parents to actively seek early intervention, actively participate in children's language training, make training plans with the assistance of professionals, make full use of the value of games, attach importance to the role of peer communication, develop children's listening skills and language communication ability, enable them to engage in certain social communication, and gradually improve children's social adaptability; Strengthen children's cognitive training, understanding training, sports training and emotional training.

(3) Family education guidance for visually impaired children. Guide parents to intervene as soon as possible, develop children's hearing and touch according to different degrees of disability, replace eyes with ears and eyes with hands, and improve defect compensation. For children with low vision, parents should be instructed to encourage their children to study and exercise with residual vision to improve their effective visual function. For blind children, parents should be instructed to train their directional walking ability, increase their contact opportunities with the outside world and enhance their communication skills.

(4) Family education guidance for children with physical disabilities. Guide parents to actively use medical technology to strengthen early intervention and correction, so as to reduce the degree of disability and improve activity function; Create a good family atmosphere and infect children with an optimistic attitude; Encourage children to face reality and face difficulties actively; Educate children to actively seek solutions to problems through their own efforts and gain self-confidence.

(5) Family education guidance for children with emotional and behavioral disorders. Guide parents to create a good family atmosphere and give their children enough care; Strengthen communication and exchanges with children to avoid children being stimulated by bad life; Take more ways of inspiring, encouraging and persuading education; Support, respect and encourage children, and express more positive feelings to them; Give children more opportunities to communicate with their partners, cultivate children's collective consciousness and reduce children's psychological adverse factors.

(6) Family education guidance for children with extraordinary intelligence. Guide parents to deeply understand their children's potential and talents and evaluate them correctly and comprehensively; Starting from the reality of children's personality, temperament, interests and abilities, we should teach children in accordance with their aptitude, develop their intelligence step by step and develop their specialties; Adhere to the all-round development of morality, intelligence and physique, and improve children's comprehensive quality; Keep a clear head and treat children's honor correctly.

2. Family education guidance for special families

(1) Family education guidance for divorced and reorganized families. Guide parents to learn to adjust and control their emotions, don't show their dissatisfaction with divorced spouses in front of their children, and don't indulge and spoil their children simply, rudely or unprincipled; Communicate with children more, give them the opportunity to be masters of their own affairs and encourage them to participate in social activities; Let non-guardians meet children regularly, and constantly strengthen the image and emotion of parents in children's minds; Mobilizing gender resources among relatives and friends will have an appropriate impact on children and help them fully develop their gender roles. Instruct couples who have reorganized their families to care for, help and be close to their children, help reduce their psychological pressure and help them face up to reality; Respect, love and trust each other, and set a positive example for children; Treat two children equally; Strengthen communication among family members and create a peaceful and harmonious family atmosphere.

(2) Family education and guidance for the families of prisoners. Instruct guardians to care more about children; Good at discovering children's advantages and cultivating children's self-esteem with the power of education and love; Trust children and guide them to overcome their inferiority complex; Take children to visit their parents regularly to satisfy their yearning; Actively contact the school to create a good environment for children's growth.

(3) Family education guidance for floating population families. Encourage parents to bravely face unfamiliar environments and life difficulties and create a good living environment for their children; Handle the relationship between family members and create a relaxed psychological environment for children; Communicate with children more and learn more about their ideological trends; Strengthen self-study and establish an all-round educational concept; Strengthen contact with schools and create a good learning environment for children.

(4) Family education guidance for rural left-behind children. Guide the parents of left-behind children to enhance their sense of guardian responsibility, earnestly fulfill their parental obligations, and assume their due responsibility for caring for left-behind children; One parent should take care of the child at home as much as possible, and parents with conditions, especially the mother of the baby, should take the child with them to ensure the early physical and mental care and breastfeeding of the baby as much as possible; Instruct parents or entrusted guardians of left-behind children in rural areas to attach importance to children's education, communicate with children more, and pay full attention to children's moral development and spiritual needs.

3. Family education guidance under the disaster background.

According to different needs, guide parents to receive psychological counseling, digest emotions and relieve their own disaster syndrome; Guide parents to control their emotions and encourage children to actively acquire and use social resources; Guide children to learn to share other people's suggestions and ideas, don't refuse others' help easily, and try to help others at the same time; Strengthen cooperation with the outside world and actively cooperate with external psychological assistance and other activities; For orphans, we should fully tap social resources and adopt various ways to promote orphans to return to their families and provide support for children and their guardians' families.