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The development law of children's thinking is concrete to abstract.
Before the age of 3, children's thinking is to realize a kind of thinking with the help of action, which is called intuitive action thinking. For example, if a child plays with a ball and the ball rolls under the chair, the child will lie on the ground and reach for the ball. When he can't reach it, he will try his best to get under the chair. At this time, he couldn't think of using tools or moving chairs.
Children around 3 years old, because of his knowledge and experience gradually began to enrich, thinking is also developing rapidly. Especially under the explanation and teaching of adult language, the superficial characteristics of objects are gradually summarized and developed into thinking about shapes, colors, sounds and images. This characteristic of thinking is called concrete thinking in images.
When children are five or six years old, abstract logical thinking begins to take shape.
We know that thinking ability is actually based on our existing experience. For example, when we opened the door in the morning and saw that it was wet outside, we could conclude that it rained last night. Without previous accumulated experience, there is no thinking.
Therefore, it is very important for children to attach importance to enriching their perceptual knowledge. Parents should make full use of their children's living environment, enrich their perceptual knowledge, fully accumulate experience and cultivate their thinking ability. Here are some simple games for your reference.
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Game 1: Find the sound source
Give a child a beautiful color tea bucket, and he will pass it from his left hand to his right hand, and from his right hand to his left hand. In this process, his eyes have been staring at the pattern on the tea barrel. This is an observation process. He is observing what patterns are on this tea barrel and whether it is fun. Then we secretly put a small bell in it, and when he picked up the box again, it gave a crash.
Children will feel very strange and may look up and smile at their parents, which shows that I used to play without sound at this time. Why is there a sound now? This is a simple thinking.
Then we stole the bell away. There was no sound when he played. At this time, he will think that there was a sound just now. Why is there no sound now? This is also a process of thinking.
Then we put the bell in front of him and put a lid on him. He called again after the phone call. The child began to laugh. At this time, there will be a thinking process in his heart and he will come to the conclusion that "the sound comes from the bell inside".
Similarly, we often play music for our children and put music on the table with our mobile phones. Children know that music comes from mobile phones. This judgment comes from the fact that the child saw the specific image of the mobile phone. Then parents need to guide their children and cultivate their thinking ability. After listening for a while, we should give him a higher level and make a transition to abstract thinking.
Put your mobile phone in the drawer or play the same music. At this time, children are used to looking at the position of the mobile phone on the table, but at this time, the mobile phone is gone. At this time, his mind began to have thinking activities: the voice came from the mobile phone, and the mobile phone was gone. Why is there still sound? Where did it come from? He will look for this voice, and the process of looking for it is the process of his thinking.
At this time, parents need to guide him, "What are you looking for?" Even if he can't speak, his parents should ask him and guide him to look around. Finally, take him to the drawer. This place is very noisy. Parents can put his little hand on the drawer. He will be very happy when he opens the drawer and finds his mobile phone.
In the whole process, he first knew that the sound came from the mobile phone, but now the mobile phone is not in this position, but there is still sound, so he wants to look for the mobile phone in this room. This is a process of thinking.
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Game 2: Please pass me the table tennis.
Parents all know that letting children grasp things is to exercise their hand muscles and hand-eye coordination. In fact, in the process of exercising this, they can also exercise their thinking ability. The requirement is that parents should tell their children the name of the object they are grasping.
Put the toys in front of the children, first one, then two. Every time you add something, tell him what it is. For example, in the beginning, he grabbed ping-pong and said, "This is ping-pong, ping-pong." He grabbed it and began to play. Then I added another building block to her and said, "This is a building block, this is a building block". From less to more, 2 to 3 kinds, the name of this grasping toy has been repeated.
He will remember your quantity after it is accumulated. At this time, we should improve and train our thinking. Tell him, "You pick up the table tennis." Then the child must have an idea at this time. Which of these three things is table tennis? After thinking and judging, he finally decided to reach out and pick up the table tennis.
Parents let him take table tennis, building blocks and bells for a while. He will have a good time, but in this process, concrete and vivid thinking begins to exist.
Then it is very important for parents to know that thinking can only be realized through language. At this time, parents can continue to improve the difficulty and cover the toys with towels. For example, cover the table tennis, and the side cover also says, "Why is the table tennis gone?" At this time, the child will observe with his eyes according to your language instructions.
Because you are covered with a towel when you talk, at this time, the child has actually seen your movements. He will reach out and grab the towel and the ball will appear.
There is also thinking activity in the middle: there was a ball at first, why didn't it exist at this time? Because the towel covers the ball; Taking off the towel, the ball appeared, and he could conclude that the ball was not there because the towel was covered.
Then, in the process of capturing and fiddling with the personal perception of objects, children can gradually realize the various relationships and connections between things, and whether the ball is connected with the towel is a thinking process.
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Game 3: build a big supermarket
Some parents say that children don't like playing with building blocks. Why?
In most cases, because children don't know what's interesting about building blocks, they keep riding up, over and over again, and they get bored after playing a few times. The child has little experience in life and doesn't know what else to build. Then parents should guide their children "Where did we buy vegetables yesterday?" . Let's build a supermarket as soon as the children think of it.
To build a shelf with building blocks, there must be items on the shelf. Where are the items? Throw the question to the child, and the child may say what toys are there at home, or draw them yourself, squeeze them out with soft pottery, and so on. He comes up with one, and parents can also propose one.
And say, how do we divide the work? Let the children arrange it.
After sorting out the shelves and items, you can also think about "do we still have shopping tools?" Is there a cashier in front of the supermarket? "Wait a minute.
How to do this, let the child take the initiative to think, when he can't remember, the parents will remind him appropriately, and then operate together and cooperate with each other. The whole process only gave him clues, so he should think positively and try to solve the problem.
In this way, children's thinking has reached a certain breadth and depth, and they have learned how to think and solve problems. At the same time, children also enjoy it.
This is to cultivate children's thinking ability in the game. Don't give him specific answers to everything. Give him a good idea. He just moved his hands passively, which is not a mental activity. If he can't improve, he has no ability to solve problems.
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Knowledge is acquired through learning, and parents are a mirror for children. You love learning, children love learning, you love thinking, children love thinking, you love doing things, children love doing things.
So don't bother, don't ignore, and don't give an answer directly. It is necessary to guide children to learn to think, explore and find answers actively under the guidance of questions.