Family has a great influence on the physical and mental health of primary and secondary school students. A large number of studies at home and abroad show that bad family environment factors can easily cause abnormal psychological behavior of family members. These factors mainly include: changes in major family members, such as parents' death, parents' divorce or separation, and parents' remarriage. Family relations are tense, such as parents, mother-in-law and daughter-in-law, disharmony between brothers and sisters, indifferent family emotional atmosphere, frequent conflicts and so on. Improper family education methods, such as autocracy, coercion, or connivance, laissez-faire, etc. There are family changes, accidents and so on.
The influence of family factors refers to the family's economic and political status, parents' cultural literacy, words and deeds, and the relationship between family members. These factors have a great influence on the formation and development of a person's personality. As the saying goes, "parents are children's first teachers" and "like father, like son" vividly illustrate the influence of family factors on teenagers.
Family is the cell of society.
Family, like all other social relations and social organizations, cannot exist independently from society. Society is the stage of family, and social environment is the background of family. If the society is regarded as a huge organic whole, then the family is the cell that constitutes this organic whole. In society, only the family can reflect both the economic base and the superstructure of the society, which is a comprehensive and vivid expression of the basic phenomenon of social life. Family is society, and society is also family. All phenomena in social development will be more or less reflected in the family society. The social functions of the family mainly include: reproducing children, promoting the formation of social cognition and personality among members, and providing places for family members to produce, distribute and consume; It is people's initial and lifelong school.
Generally speaking, in people's early life, they learn from their family's experience, thoughts and behavior patterns anytime and anywhere, and get informal training and education in all aspects of their abilities. Family education is one of the inherent functions of the family. Because families should not only complete the natural reproduction of population, but also undertake the social reproduction of population, that is, they should not only provide "biological people" for society, but more importantly, provide "social people" for society. Family is the first place to realize the transformation from "biological person" to "social person", and it is also the place to carry out lifelong education for the new generation. The family should not only provide them with the necessary materials for their healthy survival and development, but also provide them with a good spiritual environment to adapt to life, spread the experience of social life, moral norms and knowledge and skills of social production, so that they can master the skills of independent living and labor. Although family education is undertaken by individual families, it is not a family affair unrelated to society, but a part of all activities of individual family education. Family education, school education and social education are interrelated and complement each other, forming a complete education system.
Researchers have different views on what family education is:
In Ci Hai, the word "family education" is interpreted as: the education of children and adolescents by parents or other elders in the family.
The book China-Social Encyclopedia holds that family education includes two aspects: parents' education of children and mutual education among family members, the main aspect of which is parents' education of children.
China Encyclopedia of Education defines family education as: parents or other elderly people consciously and hierarchically educate their children in the family.
Zhao Zhongxin pointed out in Family Education: Traditionally, family education refers to the education and influence exerted by parents, that is, elders (mainly parents) on their children and other young people in family life. This is family education in a narrow sense. Family education in a broad sense should be all purposeful and conscious influences exerted by parents on their children, children on their parents, elders on their juniors and juniors on their elders. These are all family education.
To explore the law of family education, we must first understand what kind of education family education is:
First, family education is a kind of private education, which is conducted between parents and children, as well as between the elderly and young people in the family. It is not only the relationship between education and education, but also the relationship between teaching and learning. The first is blood relationship and affiliation. So it's private education. The emphasis on family education as private education mainly means that society and others can't directly interfere with family behavior and management, but can only adopt various ways to publicize, infiltrate and exert influence to meet the needs of society.
Second, family education is an informal education. Although there is a certain purpose, there is no organization, leadership and careful planning. Educators of family education generally have no special education and training, and do not have special educational knowledge and ability. The qualifications of educators need not be evaluated or appointed by anyone. As long as they have children, they will naturally become childlike educators. How to educate and cultivate, the mode, the time, the place and the occasion are all in the hands of their parents. As a kind of informal education, it has its own advantages, such as rich and colorful training contents, flexible educational methods and modes, close combination of education, training and practice, vivid images and so on. Parents should give full play to these advantages.
Third, family education is lifelong education. As children and younger generations, we should respect and listen to the education of our parents or elders. Parents and elders should earnestly shoulder the responsibility of educating their children and younger generations, and should not shirk it under any pretext.
The family education factors we studied have the following characteristics:
Family education is a form of education and a social activity to cultivate people. It has the same development law as school education and social education, that is, it has its own characteristics. However, we must also see that family education, after all, is a special form of education with many unique characteristics different from school education and social education.
First of all, the environment for implementing education is different.
Secondly, the relationship between educators and educatees is different.
Thirdly, the conditions of educators are different.
Fourth, the basis for determining the training objectives is different.
Fifth, the content of education is different.
Sixth, the methods and approaches of education are different.
Seventh, the organization and management are different.
As a family education factor, it has its own advantages:
First, the broad masses.
Second, it is highly contagious.
Third, special authority.
Fourth, clear pertinence.
Fifth, natural continuity.
Sixth, the inherent inheritance.
Seventh, the richness of content and the flexibility of methods.
There are many factors that affect family education:
First, the quality of parents themselves.
Second, parents' attitude towards their children.
Third, the environment of family life.
Fourth, the social background of the family.
Our whole educational work can be roughly divided into three aspects: family education, school education and social education. If the relationship is concerned, the factors of family education are the basis of the whole education, which are mainly manifested in:
First, family education is the enlightenment education in the whole education.
Second, family education is the most basic education in the whole education.
Third, family education is the most extensive education in the whole education.
Fourth, family education is the cornerstone of the whole education.
To sum up, the factors of family education are in the most basic position in the whole education, and play an irreplaceable role in the process of people's growth, and also play an irreplaceable role in the whole education process.
First, family education and school education.
As the earliest and most basic education on the road of life, family education is of course very important. It is indispensable to anyone. But for most people, family education is only the starting point of education socialization, not the peak and end point of education. If people want to make a difference in the world and society, they must continue to receive education and constantly transform themselves. It's never too old to learn, receive education and reform yourself. In modern times, for the vast majority of people, after receiving family education, initially realizing socialization and initially becoming social people, they must also receive education from schools at different levels. Generally speaking, a good school education is the road to success.
As far as the relationship between family and school is concerned, there is not only the relationship that the former is the basis of the latter, but also a variety of complex relationships that children adapt, cooperate, promote and contradict each other from the time they enter the school gate to the time they leave the school gate and go out to the society. In this process, only by coordinating the relationship between the three, solving the existing contradictions and realizing mutual cooperation and promotion can we jointly complete the educational task of teaching and educating people.
1. Family education factors and school education should cooperate and promote each other.
Children in preschool education and primary and secondary education are in a period of rapid development and growth in all aspects. Therefore, in addition to school education, we should also receive family education. Therefore, family education and school education should be closely integrated and promote each other. In order to educate children, parents and parents should cooperate with the school more actively, and parents should actively communicate with teachers, not only care about their children's learning, but also care about their performance in society, grasp their advantages and progress, and grasp their shortcomings and mistakes. Parents should cooperate with the school, and never think that sending their children to school is equivalent to sending them to the safe.
Of course, schools, as specialized educational institutions, should cooperate and cooperate with parents more actively in order to educate students well.
The reality is that family education and school education are not harmonious.
In the real life of our country, there is a situation that family factors and school education are uncoordinated or very uncoordinated, and some aspects are even quite serious and common. In this regard, parents, schools and teachers, relevant state departments and all sectors of society should pay attention to it in order to promote the solution of the problem.
3. Basic methods to promote the coordination and cooperation between family factor education and school education.
First of all, know your children objectively, comprehensively and correctly.
Secondly, strict requirements should be combined with patient education.
Finally, actively cooperate with school education.
Second, family education and social problems.
As family education, it should be actively linked with social education, and the factors of family education should guide children to resist negative social phenomena and let them understand society in the big classroom of society.
Family is the cell of society, and family education plays a special role not only in individual development, but also in social development. The basic factors are as follows:
First, parents' genetic factors
Genetic quality plays a very important role in the growth and development of human body and the formation and development of ability and intelligence. Genetic quality is the basic condition for individual growth and development. Determining the inevitable range of individual development provides the biological premise and foundation for individual acquired development.
People's genetic quality is directly inherited from their parents, and the physical and mental qualities of parents and grandparents directly affect and determine the quality of their children.
Second, the environmental factors of the family.
Genetic quality provides biological premise and possibility for individual's physical and mental development. The key to turning this possibility into reality lies in the acquired environment and education. Some farsighted parents in ancient China paid special attention to the influence of environment on their children, such as Mencius' mother.
In a prosperous social environment, the most direct, profound and lasting influence on people's psychological development is family environmental factors.
The influence of family environment on people's physical and mental development is quite extensive, which is mainly reflected in two aspects: first, the formation of personality; Another aspect is the direction and level of psychological development.
First of all, family environment factors have a great influence on the formation of individual personality. The formation and development of a person's knowledge, experience, thoughts, habits, morality, interests, hobbies and specialties have a great relationship with his family life environment. The influence of family environment factors on the direction and level of people's psychological development is also considerable, and the influence of early family environment even plays a decisive role in the direction and level of people's psychological development.
The influence of family environment on people's physical and mental development is not only because the family is the earliest contact environment after birth, but also because the family is the living environment where people have lived for the longest time. A person's life should be exposed to various living environments, such as kindergartens, primary schools, middle schools and universities. But in everyone's life, family is the place where people live the longest time and the longest living environment.
Third, family education factors.
Family education is not as organized, led, planned, step-by-step and systematic as school education, but it is an education after all and has the attributes and advantages of general education. It plays a much greater role in personal growth and development than the family environment. The influence of family education on people is spontaneous, and family education, like school education, is positive and plays a special role in people's physical and mental development.
The ancients believed that the habits formed by a person's education and influence when he was a child were as stable as those he was born with and would last for a lifetime. If a person receives a better education at home in childhood, he will benefit for life and lay a good foundation for his life-long growth and development. If early family education and teaching are left unchecked, children lack the ability to distinguish good from evil and often receive correct or wrong education and influence in an eclectic way, then not only will their intelligence not be fully developed, but they will also develop bad habits. At this time, it will be very difficult to correct them.
China has always attached great importance to children's family education in ancient times. The Book of Changes says: "Enlightenment is also a sacred work." . It is a saint's job to educate an ignorant child in time to make him correct. Jia Yi of the Western Han Dynasty said, "If you teach your child without abusing his mind, it will be easy to achieve great success", which means that if you pay close attention to education when your child's mind is not abused, the effect of education will be very good and it will be easy to receive the expected purpose. Therefore, he advocates that hatred must not be wiped out in the bud, but should be taught in a subtle way. He warned people that it is imperative to teach children early. Yan Tuizhi, a thinker in the Northern Qi Dynasty, once made a profound and special exposition on the importance of early family education. He believes that the earlier the education, the better, and even advocates that pregnancy should start from 10. Why start early education? Yan Tuizhi has his theoretical basis. He said: "Life is young and spirit is patented. Think hard and relax when you grow up. You must teach early and don't lose the opportunity. " This means that when children are young, their thoughts are simple, their spirit is single-minded, and they are easy to accept their parents' education. When children grow up, their thoughts will become very complicated and it will be difficult to educate them. Therefore, we should pay close attention to early education, and we should not miss the opportunity and waste the excellent opportunity of education.
Of course, we should also see the role of lifelong family education. In our country, there is a tradition of attaching importance to family education. Since ancient times, people have regarded family education as lifelong education, and parents should be responsible for their children for life. In short, in the process of people's life growth, the factors of family education are always promoting everyone's growth and progress.
Fourth, family education factors and social development.
Some people think that family education is that parents educate their children at home, which is a private matter at home and has nothing to do with society. Some people think that educating children is responsible for children and families, so that children can live better and families can prosper. In fact, family education is closely related to social development.
Family education undertakes the task of cultivating social talents. In the process of labor production, people must master production skills through school and family education, and family education plays an important role that cannot be ignored. The family also bears the heavy responsibility of conveying the labor reserve force to the society.
On the surface, family education has nothing to do with social development. In fact, their relationship is quite close. Although everyone was born in a certain family and belongs to a certain family, everyone is a social person. People always leave their families, enter a broader social life and participate in social practice as a member of society. Family education plays a fundamental role in the development of people's thought, morality, intelligence and physique, and even plays a decisive role in the growth and development of people's life. How people receive education at home is of great significance to their attitude towards social life and their role. Different family social status, political attitude, parents' cultural quality and educational ability have different educational contents, methods and directions for children. Therefore, the effect of education is different. If the contents, methods and guiding ideology of family education meet the requirements of social development, people who grow up in such a family will have a positive attitude towards social life and play a positive role.
Secondly, family education also undertakes the task of spreading moral codes of conduct. Among them, family education has always been an important place to spread moral codes of conduct. Family education is an important way of communication.
The ruling class in China feudal society took "housekeeping", "housekeeping" and family education as the means to consolidate their rule, which really played a role and gave people an important revelation from the opposite side: family education is not a family affair, but a major event related to the whole country. In today's construction of socialist spiritual civilization and socialist material civilization, we must also rely on the cultivation of family education to cultivate and transport qualified labor reserve forces and rely on family education to spread socialist modern spiritual civilization.
Finally, discuss the new situation and new problems faced by family education in China at present.
First of all, the family's material living standards have generally improved, and their income has increased, thus creating a harmonious living environment and comfortable living conditions for their children, ensuring that their children get sufficient material nutrition and increasing their intellectual input. Parents have the desire and interest to educate their children, but the opportunities for children's labor practice will be relatively reduced, and it is difficult to cultivate children's labor ability and habits, and it is difficult to cultivate the spirit of loving labor and hard work.
Secondly, family society is becoming more and more information-based. Today's society has entered the information age. With the development of science and technology, transportation and communication in modern society and the smooth flow of information, the family, as the cell of society, is becoming more and more informationized with the informationization of society. However, it has also brought many negative effects. The influx of information will inevitably have a negative impact on children with low immunity.
Third, the family structure is simple. With the progress of society, the family structure in China is increasingly simplified, consisting of parents and children. The population has decreased, the scale has become smaller, and the family members have become closer and more cohesive.