There are three main sources of the word "wipe": First, it originated from the ancient Indian dialect in north-central India, and the Sanskrit transliteration of Tibetan is still used in Tibetan areas in China, Tibet, Qinghai, Sichuan, Gansu and other provinces (autonomous regions); Secondly, it comes from the sound produced when wiping, which is an onomatopoeic word; Thirdly, Tibetan word "Sa" or "QIA" is soil, so far the common word "wipe" should be "Sa" or "QIA", which seems to be closer to the original.
In a word, rubbing refers to a small molded Buddha statue and tower made of soft mud and other materials by concave mold. The vast majority of wiping is made by pressing with one or two molds, which is a common practice; It is not excluded that there is a variant, that is, pressing several molds for extra-large wiping on the same piece of mud many times. The size of this kind of brush is relatively large, and there are relatively few.
According to the first origin of the word "wipe", that is, the dialect in the north-central part of ancient India, it means "copy" and refers to a molded mud Buddha or mud tower. Early Indian-style wet wipes found in Tibetan areas are mostly made of red clay with irregular edges and overflowing fetal mud. The patterns are mostly pagodas, auspicious pagodas and bodhi pagodas, and most of them are printed with Prajna Sutra. Since then, Tibetan areas themselves have begun to make fricative sounds, and the content and subject matter have gradually increased. The six-character mantra in Tibetan has been replaced by the Sanskrit mantra translated from Tibetan. After about13rd century, with the spread of Tibetan Buddhism in the mainland, Tibetan Buddhism was introduced to Hangzhou, Beijing and other places. In Chinese and previous written languages, it is called "molded clay statue of Buddha" or "inflated clay sculpture".
At first, the word wipe was only used to represent the stupa, and later it was derived from the Buddha statue. The big ones are all feet, and the small ones are less than half an inch. Most of them are reliefs, and few are round carvings, except Tamo's. In Tibet, people used to call the relief "rubbing"; In Korean and previous terminology, it was called "molded clay Buddha" and "demoulded clay Buddha"; In Northeast China and Inner Mongolia, it is commonly known as "Banel Buddha" and "Fowa"; In Beijing, it is used to grow "mud cakes". In addition, there are "mud tower models" and "mud tower women". The appellation is extremely confusing. In short, all appellations are "wipe". At present, all the small clay Buddha statues and pagodas carved with concave molds, whether in relief or round carvings, belong to the Tibetan Buddhism series, and they are all summarized by the title of rubbing, which seems to have been established.
The purpose of making and wiping Tibetan Buddhist monks and customs is to accumulate good deeds and merits, and regard them as sacred objects for disaster relief and blessing, which are mostly used for the storage of Buddha statues and pagodas. Some of them are directly placed in temples, practice caves or "Kakang" and "Gate Hall", while others are piled in Mani piles at the top of mountains and intersections, which are worshipped by believers together with Fengmaqi, Mani stone carvings and prayer flags. In addition to the above worship methods, it is also popular to put wet wipes in Jiawu, which you wear with you, so that you can pay your respects anytime and anywhere. In addition, in the past, officials of the local government in Tibet at level 4 or above wore Gawu and rubbed their hair in a bun as a symbol of rank.
Wiping is divided into relief made by single-sided mold and round carving made by double-sided mold. There are roughly two shapes: one is a tower with Buddha statues and various disguised forms on it; The second type is brick-shaped, with Buddha statues and Buddhist scriptures printed on it. Color is divided into plain mud, fixed color, mud gold or both, and there are also differences between air drying and fire baking. Judging from the composition, there are many kinds of wiping. Generally, it is made of the most common soil, while elegant soil is made of Aga soil or soil mixed with incense ash and pulp; The other is a "medicine brush" made of mud medicine slurry or Tibetan medicine. In addition, there is a fricative sound made by mixing the ashes and relics of one's guru, parents, relatives and friends with mud to eliminate evil karma, or to show that one's body is dedicated to the Buddha, similar to the "good karma mud" in the Tang Dynasty.
Wiping is a Tibetan Buddhist art, which evolved from the custom of placing sacred objects in the abdomen of ancient Indian stone pagodas. Its themes are mostly statues such as buddhas, bodhisattvas, pagodas and Buddhist scriptures. The wiping of various themes conforms to the most basic Tibetan Buddhist rituals. Religious relics blessed by Tibetan Buddhist monks and customs as disasters should not be desecrated.
In a word, rubbing refers to a small molded Buddha statue and tower made of soft mud and other materials by concave mold. The vast majority of wiping is made by pressing with one or two molds, which is a common practice; It is not excluded that there is a variant, that is, pressing several molds for extra-large wiping on the same piece of mud many times. The size of this kind of brush is relatively large, and there are relatively few.
According to the first origin of the word "wipe", that is, the dialect in the north-central part of ancient India, it means "copy" and refers to a molded mud Buddha or mud tower. Early Indian-style wet wipes found in Tibetan areas are mostly made of red clay with irregular edges and overflowing fetal mud. The patterns are mostly pagodas, auspicious pagodas and bodhi pagodas, and most of them are printed with Prajna Sutra. Since then, Tibetan areas themselves have begun to make fricative sounds, and the content and subject matter have gradually increased. The six-character mantra in Tibetan has been replaced by the Sanskrit mantra translated from Tibetan. After about13rd century, with the spread of Tibetan Buddhism in the mainland, Tibetan Buddhism was introduced to Hangzhou, Beijing and other places. In Chinese and previous written languages, it is called "molded clay statue of Buddha" or "inflated clay sculpture".
At first, the word wipe was only used to represent the stupa, and later it was derived from the Buddha statue. The big ones are all feet, and the small ones are less than half an inch. Most of them are reliefs, and few are round carvings, except Tamo's. In Tibet, people used to call the relief "rubbing"; In Korean and previous terminology, it was called "molded clay Buddha" and "demoulded clay Buddha"; In Northeast China and Inner Mongolia, it is commonly known as "Banel Buddha" and "Fowa"; In Beijing, it is used to grow "mud cakes". In addition, there are "mud tower models" and "mud tower women". The appellation is extremely confusing. In short, all appellations are "wipe". At present, all the small clay Buddha statues and pagodas carved with concave molds, whether in relief or round carvings, belong to the Tibetan Buddhism series, and they are all summarized by the title of rubbing, which seems to have been established.
The purpose of making and wiping Tibetan Buddhist monks and customs is to accumulate good deeds and merits, and regard them as sacred objects for disaster relief and blessing, which are mostly used for the storage of Buddha statues and pagodas. Some of them are directly placed in temples, practice caves or "Kakang" and "Gate Hall", while others are piled in Mani piles at the top of mountains and intersections, which are worshipped by believers together with Fengmaqi, Mani stone carvings and prayer flags. In addition to the above worship methods, it is also popular to put wet wipes in Jiawu, which you wear with you, so that you can pay your respects anytime and anywhere. In addition, in the past, officials of the local government in Tibet at level 4 or above wore Gawu and rubbed their hair in a bun as a symbol of rank.
Wiping is divided into relief made by single-sided mold and round carving made by double-sided mold. There are roughly two shapes: one is a tower with Buddha statues and various disguised forms on it; The second type is brick-shaped, with Buddha statues and Buddhist scriptures printed on it. Color is divided into plain mud, fixed color, mud gold or both, and there are also differences between air drying and fire baking. Judging from the composition, there are many kinds of wiping. Generally, it is made of the most common soil, while elegant soil is made of Aga soil or soil mixed with incense ash and pulp; The other is a "medicine brush" made of mud medicine slurry or Tibetan medicine. In addition, there is a fricative sound made by mixing the ashes and relics of one's guru, parents, relatives and friends with mud to eliminate evil karma, or to show that one's body is dedicated to the Buddha, similar to the "good karma mud" in the Tang Dynasty.
Wiping is a Tibetan Buddhist art, which evolved from the custom of placing sacred objects in the abdomen of ancient Indian stone pagodas. Its themes are mostly statues such as buddhas, bodhisattvas, pagodas and Buddhist scriptures. The wiping of various themes conforms to the most basic Tibetan Buddhist rituals. Religious relics blessed by Tibetan Buddhist monks and customs as disasters should not be desecrated.