1. Ways to put forward new words
The methods of putting forward new words are: following the topic, telling stories, speaking, observing objects, looking at pictures, showing cards, showing slides, spelling words, asking questions to inspire, introducing old words with new ones, quoting words with actions, writing on the blackboard, etc. Among them, the commonly used ones are as follows.
(1) card presentation mode. Teachers use cards to teach literacy methods. The new word card is a flexible and effective teaching aid for identifying new words. In literacy teaching, it is simple and impressive to use cards to let students repeatedly recognize words, or review pronunciation, or analyze glyphs, or explain meanings. The practice is: take apart the words with complex structure and reassemble them; Separate syllables from words and look for them together; Connect new words into words; Pinyin appears first. Let the students read Pinyin first, then the font. Appear alone, let the students read the pronunciation, then say the meaning, and so on. It is the most commonly used teaching method in literacy teaching.
(2) Slide projection method. In literacy teaching, the use of slide projection plays an important role in applying modern teaching methods to literacy teaching. Using slides to show literacy can concretize abstract things, simplify complex things and significantly improve literacy effect. At the same time, using slides to reflect literacy can reduce the labor intensity of teachers.
There are many ways to show literacy methods with slides. The common ways are: show the new words one by one, so that the new words appear as a gradual process; Design slides according to the content of the text to help children understand the meaning of new words; Design classified review slides according to the new words learned, so that children can master them systematically and firmly.
(3) Pinyin citation method. A method of centralized literacy teaching. It uses Pinyin to draw a group of homophones or phonetically related words, and guides students to memorize or practice by using phonetic features.
2. Methods of teaching new words
Methods of teaching new words include pronunciation, shape and meaning.
The teaching methods of (1) phonetic symbols include phonetic symbols, phonetic symbols based on meaning, phonetic symbols based on part of speech, phonetic symbols based on oral habits, phonetic symbols based on examples, phonetic transcription, phonetic transcription, phonetic symbol association, homophones and homophones classification and recognition. Pronunciation of initials, vowels, phonetic analogy, pronunciation according to ancient sounds, pronunciation according to the law of word formation, pronunciation recognition according to phonetic sound, pronunciation recognition according to glyph, pronunciation with rhyme and pronunciation with tongue twister.
(2) The teaching methods of glyphs include: reading strokes, sequentially decomposing, analyzing shapes and memorizing, analyzing strokes, analyzing parts, analyzing structures, recognizing shapes according to meanings, comparing glyphs, replacing, adding, deforming, creating words, pictographic method, referring to objects, recognizing, pictophonetic method, colored pen marking, book spacing method, drawing method and so on.
(3) Teaching methods of word meaning include pictographic interpretation, referential interpretation, cognition, pictophonetic deduction, observation, performance, experiment, drawing, connection, word meaning, synonyms, antonyms, extension, metaphor, figurative interpretation, analysis and direct interpretation.