Compared with the systematic research and promotion of children's sports in foreign sports powers such as Japan and the United States for many years, China's children's and adolescents' sports are still in a relatively backward position as a whole.
Physical fitness is the foundation of health, and children's physical fitness should be practiced from an early age!
What is physical fitness?
in good condition
Originated in the United States, the President's Committee on Sports and Track and Field of the United States gave the definition of physical fitness in 197 1: it refers to an individual's physical adaptability that he has enough ability to engage in daily work (study) without feeling tired, and at the same time has leisure time to enjoy leisure and be able to cope with sudden changes and pressures.
Later, in 1987, the American Sports Health, Sports and Dance Organization (AAHPERD for short) put forward a fitness and health education plan. The core content of this plan is health-related knowledge and methods, mainly including knowledge and methods of sports activities to improve aerobic fitness, muscle strength and endurance, softness and body composition, as well as health knowledge of nutrition and sports activities.
European scholars have different understandings of fitness:
For example, Germany calls it "working ability";
France calls it "physical adaptability";
The American Sports Medicine Association believes that fitness means that the body can engage in daily work and leisure activities with vigorous energy without excessive fatigue;
Fitness was first translated into "physical fitness" by sports physiologists in Taiwan Province Province and Hongkong.
The World Health Organization defines "physical health" as: "The body has enough vitality and spirit to carry out daily affairs without excessive fatigue, and has enough energy to enjoy leisure activities and the ability to cope with sudden tension.
Some publications in China also have such a definition of physical fitness: For example, the concept of sports holds that physical fitness refers to "enabling everyone to choose the most appropriate exercise method and amount in different situations to enhance their physical fitness, so as to maintain the best health: it varies from person to person, from time to time and from place to place".
Children's physique is not ordinary physical exercise, but refers to taking physical exercise as a basic means to enhance children's physique and physical ability, and in this process, let children know themselves better, constantly break through the boundaries of self-cognition, keep the habit of exercise, and strive to surpass themselves better. Children's physique is mainly composed of physical and mental health development.
The healthy development of the body mainly includes skill-related physical fitness and health-related physical fitness. The former is mainly composed of explosive force, jumping ability, physical endurance, agility, dexterity, sense of distance, sense of balance and coordination. Health-related physical qualities are mainly composed of five parts: body composition, cardiopulmonary endurance, muscle strength, muscle endurance and softness. Mental health development is composed of concentration, willpower, unity and cooperation, courage and self-confidence, not afraid of difficulties, and rationality and decisiveness.
Cardiopulmonary endurance
The ability of the human body to continuously carry out aerobic activities. It shows the ability of human cardiovascular system and respiratory system to ingest, transport, absorb and utilize oxygen, metabolize and generate energy, and is an important symbol of human health or physical strength.
force
Muscle strength refers to the ability of muscle to resist resistance when it is tense or contracting, which can be expressed by the maximum resistance load that muscle can overcome when it contracts.
Muscle endurance refers to the ability of muscles to keep contracting for a long time under a certain load, which can be expressed by the maximum number of repetitions or the longest time for muscles to overcome a certain fixed load.
Flexibility (= flexibility)
The range or range of human joint activities during exercise, as well as the elasticity and stretching ability of ligaments, muscles, tendons, skin and other tissues on joints.
Flexibility ensures that the limbs have a larger range of motion and can freely complete various actions, preventing the occurrence of muscle and joint ligament injuries or reducing the degree of injuries.
sensitive
The ability to respond quickly and accurately to stimuli under complex conditions, flexibly control the body and improvise.
Agility is a kind of ability that human sports skills and other physical qualities can be comprehensively displayed in the process of exercise.
calm
The ability of the human body to maintain stability during exercise or rest. It reflects the body's ability to coordinate with the stimuli from vestibular organs, muscles, tendons, proprioceptors in joints and vision.
Static balance ability refers to the ability to keep the center of gravity and posture relatively static; Dynamic balance ability refers to the ability to control the center of gravity and posture of human body in motion.
harmonious
When two or more actions or events occur simultaneously or successively, they are mutually adaptive, cooperative, cooperative, symmetrical and coordinated. Under the control of the central nervous system, muscle groups related to specific movements or movements interact with each other in a certain time-space relationship, thus producing stable, accurate and controllable exercise ability.
explosive power
The ability of muscle to produce the highest contraction speed and maximum strength in the shortest time to overcome resistance.
Explosiveness plays an extremely important role in the process of explosive exercise or body imbalance reconstruction. Usually calculated by the speed of power increase. The more muscle strength per unit time, the better explosive power.
speed
The ability of the human body to move quickly.
Reaction speed refers to the speed at which the human body reacts to various stimuli.
Action speed refers to the length of time required to complete an action.
Displacement velocity refers to the distance that the human body moves per unit time in periodic motion.
What are the benefits of physical training for children?
In early childhood, children's body is in a stage of rapid development, and at the same time, it has the characteristics of strong personality plasticity and sensitive competition. During this period, physical training for children can achieve very good results.
1. Stimulate nerves and promote brain development;
1) Promote the growth of children's nervous system: Children's physical fitness courses bring moderate stimulation to children's bodies, activate the tissues and nervous system of the whole body, and make them perfect earlier;
2) Improve children's emotional intelligence: children's physical fitness course is a group course, and children get happiness in group activities, thus developing a cheerful and friendly personality;
3) Develop children's brains and accelerate their intellectual development: Through children's physical fitness courses, the central nervous system and brain are constantly stimulated, the activity of cerebral cortex is increased, the frequency of brain activity is increased, and the brain is more developed.
2. Enhance children's physique and enhance their physique;
1) Promote children's muscle development: Children's physical fitness courses can promote blood circulation, thicken muscle fibers, and improve muscle strength, speed and endurance.
2) Promote the development of children's bones: Exercise can stimulate the reaction of periosteum and make bones develop more vigorously, thus making bones stronger;
3) Promote the development of children's organs: the curriculum activities are transferred to the main organs of the whole body, and the metabolism is more vigorous and the organ function grows faster.
3. Correct your body shape and develop good habits;
1) Correcting children's posture: Children's physical fitness courses have a certain regulatory effect on children's posture, strengthening children's muscle tissue during exercise, supporting children's bones more easily and getting better posture;
2) Develop good exercise habits: Physical fitness courses can develop children's habit of preparing for exercise before activities, keep the rhythm of exercise and reduce the probability of injury;
3) Improve children's overall health: children can not only improve their physical fitness and intelligence, but also improve their physical health quotient, so that they can face their daily life more calmly. It is helpful to the balanced development of children in all aspects.
4. Shaping children's complete personality
In the process of exercise, cultivate children's strong and optimistic quality; In the challenge, enhance self-confidence and form a tenacious character; In team competition, learn to respect the rules, learn to unite and cooperate, know how to compete, learn to make progress, and learn to admit defeat; In team life, learn to respect others and manage your emotions. These are all essential wealth for a child's life.
Children's physical, psychological, emotional, intellectual, spiritual, social and other conditions are mutually influential. Having good physical fitness is not only beneficial to children's physical exercise ability, but also helpful to their physical and mental growth or development.
Because of China's deep-rooted thought of emphasizing literature, children's physical quality has been neglected a lot. However, for the sake of children's physical growth, parents must attach importance to their children's physical fitness from an early age, so that children can have a strong body, agile thinking and healthy psychology-so that children can grow up in an all-round and healthy way.