Tang Dynasty: Wang Changling

Misty rain enveloped Wu's day overnight; Send you in the morning, lonely and sad in Chushan!

Friends, if my friends in Luoyang invite me; Just say I'm still Bing Xin Okho, and stick to my faith!

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Translation and annotation

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The cold rain spread all over Wudijiangtian overnight. After seeing you off in the morning, you face Chushan alone.

When I arrive in Luoyang, if my relatives and friends in Luoyang call me, please tell them that my heart is still as crystal clear and pure as ice in a jade pot!

To annotate ...

Furong Building: Furong Building: formerly known as Northwest Building, overlooking the Yangtze River and Jiangbei, in the northwest of Runzhou (now Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province). According to "Yuanhe County Records", Volume 26, Runzhou, Jiangnan Road, Danyang: "Jin is the secretariat, and the southwest building is called Wansui Building, and the northwest building is called Furong Building." This refers to the Furong Building in Qianyang (now Qiancheng, Hunan). Xin Xian: The poet's friend.

Cold rain: cold rain in autumn and winter. Lianjiang: Rainwater is connected with the river surface, indicating heavy rain.

Wu: The names of ancient countries generally refer to southern Jiangsu and northern Zhejiang. During the Three Kingdoms Period in Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, the State of Wu belonged to it.

Ping Ming: At dawn.

G: It refers to Xin Xian, the author's good friend.

Chushan: Chushan. Chu here also refers to Nanjing area, because Wu and Chu ruled here successively in ancient times, so Wu and Chu can be collectively called.

Loneliness: Loneliness, being alone.

Luoyang: Located in the west of Henan Province, on the south bank of the Yellow River.

Bing Xin: a metaphor for a pure mind.

Jade pot: Taoist concept, wonderful truth and Taoist teachings, especially natural inaction and nothingness.

This poem is a farewell poem.

"Cold rain enters Wu at night", misty rain hangs over Wu, weaving an endless network of worries. Rainy nights add to the bleakness of autumn, and also render the gloomy atmosphere of parting. The chill not only filled the misty rain, but also penetrated the hearts of two parting friends. The characters "Lian" and "Jin" describe the continuous rain. People can clearly perceive the dynamics from the river rain, so it is conceivable that the poet stayed up all night because of his feelings. And this picture of the night rain on the Wujiang River, which connects the water and the sky, just shows an extremely lofty and magnificent realm. In the middle and late Tang poetry and graceful Song poetry, the sound of rain is often written on trivial matters such as the phoenix tree under the window, the iron horse in front of the eaves, and the residual lotus in the pool. But Wang Changling didn't really write the details of how to perceive the coming of autumn rain. He just summed up the hearing, vision and imagination in the rain of Lianjiang as Wu, dyed a lot of misty rain with a large piece of light ink, and set off the broad artistic conception of "seeing guests off in a flat and bright way" with great boldness of vision.

The last two sentences, "Luoyang relatives and friends ask each other, and a piece of ice heart is in the jade pot." Refers to the author's entrustment to his friends when they break up. Luoyang refers to Luoyang, Henan Province, which is a famous political, economic and cultural city in the Tang Dynasty and has relatives and friends of the author. Asking questions is like saying "ask you". Bing Xin describes a person with a clear mind, just like ice. Jade pot, jade pot. Bao Zhao, a poet in the Six Dynasties, used "as clear as a jade pot of ice" (poem "White-headed Songs") as a metaphor for noble and innocent character, and the jade pot here is also used as a metaphor for pure character. When you arrive in Luoyang, if relatives and friends there ask about you and me, you can tell them that Wang Changling's heart is still like pure and clear ice in a jade pot. The author entrusted Xin gradually to bring such a sentence to Luoyang friends, which has a background. At that time, the author was criticized by ordinary people for his informality and was relegated several times. Here, it is obvious that the author is responding to those slanderous words and is also a comfort to his friends who know him best. Show the spirit of refusing to compromise.

Since Yao Chong, the prime minister of Kaiyuan, wrote Curse of Curse, poets in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, such as Wang Wei, Cui Hao and Li Bai, encouraged themselves by curling, praising the aboveboard curling. The message that Wang Changling gradually brought to relatives and friends in Luoyang was not the usual peaceful bamboo newspaper, but conveyed his belief that he was still honest and clean, which was of great significance.

As early as the Six Dynasties and the Song Dynasty, Bao Zhao, a poet, used "the jade pot is clear with ice" and "ode to a bald head" to describe the noble and innocent character. Since Yao Chong, the prime minister of Kaiyuan, wrote Curse of Curse, poets in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, such as Wang Wei, Cui Hao and Li Bai, encouraged themselves by curling, praising the aboveboard curling. The message that Wang Changling gradually brought to relatives and friends in Luoyang was not the usual peaceful bamboo newspaper, but conveyed his belief that he was still honest and clean, which was of great significance.

The poet's self-description here is based on the true understanding and trust between him and his relatives and friends in Luoyang. This is by no means a confession of whitewashing slander, but a boast of despising slander. Therefore, the poet holds a bright and clean ice heart from the flawless empty jade pot to comfort his friends, which can express his deep affection for Luoyang relatives and friends better than any words of acacia.

Emotion comes from the scene and emotion is contained in the scene. This is also a feature of Tang poetry, but it is profound, soft and soothing. The boundless river rain and lonely mountains in this poem not only set off the loneliness of the poet when he bid farewell, but also showed the poet's cheerful mind and determined character. The images of the lonely mountain and Bing Xin standing in the middle of the river in the jade pot form a kind of intentional or unintentional care, which naturally reminds people of the poet's aloof, pure and clean image, and melts exquisite ideas and profound intentions into Ming Che's ethereal artistic conception, so it is natural, seamless, implicit and endless.