first kind
learning target
1. Memorize common words in classical Chinese: say, fight, climb, grasp, so, take, note, sparse, harmonious, economical and casual.
2. Learn to read simple and easy-to-remember classical Chinese correctly and clearly, so as to promote enlightenment through reading.
3. I feel the deep love and exhortation, and I feel the deep meaning of the elders' tireless and painstaking education for their children.
Important and difficult
1. key: memorize common words in classical Chinese and experience deep love and advice.
2. Difficulties: the profound meaning of the elders' tireless and painstaking efforts to teach their children.
Text prompt
1. Family instructions are an important part of Chinese traditional education and traditional cultural thoughts, which have always been read, handwritten, engraved and passed down by the broad masses of the people. Mianxue is taken from Yan Jiaxun, a model of family education.
2. study hard: study hard; Encourage: Do your best and work hard. Mianxue focuses on the purpose, attitude and method of learning.
Pronunciation and spelling
The ancient scholars themselves (WYEI) can say it (YYE? ) spring play with its China? (huā)
However, people have a hurdle? ? (l ǐ n) Like walking by candlelight at night (bǐng) What about the lost water? (pì？ )
Vocabulary accumulation
(1) but it can also be said. ? (The same as "Yue" please) Play with its splendor in spring. ? (same as "flower"? )
3 autumn boarding is actually. ? (picking, harvesting? ) 4 mental patents. ? (single-minded, enthusiastic? )
(5) However, people have a hurdle? ? . ? (sleepy, frustrated) 6 So teach. ? Used for ... )
All landowners time is a pity. ? (Worth cherishing? (8) Ancient scholars did it for themselves. (reader)
Pet-name ruby teenager and scholar. ? (learning: learning; Speaker: pause between sentences)
Beginner text
1. Read the text and understand the paragraphs.
2. Summarize the general idea of the three paragraphs.
(1) expounds the relationship between learning and self-cultivation, and points out that the purpose of learning is "self-cultivation".
② Analyze the advantages and disadvantages of juvenile learning and old learning, and point out that the timing of learning is "early childhood education".
(3) Explain that the learning content can't be complicated and comprehensive, point out that the learning method is "understanding the meaning", and finally naturally lead to the central argument "Expo confidentiality to help make meritorious deeds". )
Brief analysis of the text
The first paragraph compares the learning attitudes of ancient people and modern people, taking Chunhua Qiushi as a metaphor, and points out that the purpose of learning is to cultivate self-cultivation and benefit oneself.
In the second paragraph, based on my personal experience of reciting Lingguang Dian Fu at the age of seven, I analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of juvenile learning and old-age learning, and pointed out that learning should be early, even if you are old. This is both true and convincing.
Taking Zhongniju as an example, the third paragraph illustrates the truth that "practice the classics, understand the meaning, and words and deeds often make sense" from the opposite side. Finally, it naturally leads to the central argument of the full text, that is, "Expo confidential information helps make contributions" and "making contributions with economy" also take care of the reader's "self-cultivation and benefit people's future" at the beginning, making the article seamless.
In a word, this article tells us a truth: a person's knowledge is closely related to his moral quality, so he should study hard and improve his self-cultivation in an all-round way.
homework
1. Complete the "Learning Suggestions".
2. Translate the full text sentence by sentence as needed.
3. Learn about the author's life and his theory through the library and network.
Second lesson
Read the text aloud
Crosstalk text
Original text:? Ancient scholars made up for their own shortcomings by themselves; Scholars nowadays are human beings, but they can speak out.
Translation:? In ancient times, people who read for themselves were places to make up for their shortcomings; People who study for others now are just trying to please others.
Ancient scholars were also human beings, which was good for the world. Nowadays, scholars are all for themselves, and self-cultivation can make progress.
In ancient times, people who studied for others practiced knowledge for the benefit of society; Nowadays, people who are studying are trying to cultivate themselves in order to seek official positions.
Original: Confucius still planted trees, playing with his flowers in spring, and Qiu Lai climbed unexpectedly; Talking about articles is also good for spring, and self-cultivation is also good for autumn.
Learning is like planting a tree, enjoying its flowers in spring and harvesting its fruits in autumn; The commentary article is to enjoy the spring blossoms; Trying to cultivate one's morality means picking autumn fruits.
Original text:? Life is young and the spirit is patented. When you grow up, you should think about it and relax. Be sure to teach early and don't miss the opportunity.
Translation:? When people are young, they are single-minded and keen, and when they grow up, their thoughts are scattered. We must educate them as soon as possible and don't lose opportunities.
Original: At the age of seven, I recited Lingguang Dian Fu. As for today, ten years have passed and I have never forgotten it. Twenty years later, the books I memorized were abandoned and abandoned in January.
Translation: When I was seven years old, I recited Lingguang Dian Fu. Up to now, I have reviewed for ten years and have not forgotten it. After the age of 20, put the scriptures back for a month and then discard them.
However, people have obstacles? ? If you lose your prime, you still have to study that night. ……
However, people are always in trouble, and when they are in their prime, they lose the opportunity to learn. They should still study late and don't give up on themselves. ……
Young scholars are like the light of the morning glow, old scholars are like candlelight at night, and sages are still blind.
People who learn from childhood are like the light of the rising sun, and those who learn when they are old are like walking at night with candles, which is better than those who can't see anything with their eyes closed.
Original text:? The book of sages, therefore, teaches, but studies the scriptures, understands the meaning, and often teaches by example;
Translation:? The book of saints is used to educate people. As long as you know the scriptures and the meaning of annotations, it is helpful for your words and deeds, and it is enough for people to stand in society.
Why does "Zhong Yi Ju" use two pages to clarify its meaning, saying that it is a place to live or give lectures? Where is the basis? What are the advantages of winning with these?
Time is a pity, just like lost water. When the Expo is confidential, it is beneficial to the cause; I can be beautiful at the same time, it doesn't matter.
Time is worth cherishing, just like running water. You should browse important things extensively and achieve your own achievements; If (Expo and intensive) are combined into one, I have nothing to blame.
Read the text aloud
homework
1. Organize class notes.
2. According to your own situation, complete six "thinking training" questions.
The third category
Read the text aloud
thinking training
1. Confucius and scholars still plant trees, play with their flowers in spring, and actually climb in autumn; Talking about articles, Chunhua also; Self-cultivation is beneficial, and so is autumn. "What are the characteristics of this sentence?
The profound truth is vividly illustrated by metaphor. The author compares learning to planting trees, comparing spring flowers to talking about articles, and comparing autumn fruits to self-cultivation and profit-making, which shows that learning depends on cold coming and summer going, imperceptibly, and vividly points out that the purpose of learning is self-cultivation and profit-making. )
2. In the second paragraph, what are the key sentences in the first half? Why?
(The key sentence is "Be sure to teach early and don't miss the opportunity".
Because I use my own examples to illustrate that a good memory when I am young is the best time to learn, and it is easy to forget when I am old. Demonstrate around the center of "early childhood education". )
3. The author believes that "we should teach early and don't miss the opportunity". What is the reason? (Answer with the words in the text)
("Life is young, the spirit is patented, and I will think about it when I grow up." )
4. What is the function of the author reciting Lingguang Hall Fu at the age of seven?
My own personal experience proves that it is authentic and convincing to learn while you are old and never give up. )
5. "Why does Zhongniju need two pieces of paper,' Yanqin' and' Lecture Room'?" What does this sentence do?
(Demonstrate with examples, and clarify the truth of "only practicing the classics, understanding the meaning, and teaching by example" from the opposite side. )
6. "The Expo will be kept secret to benefit the cause." From the full text, what is the function of this sentence?
This sentence is the central argument of the whole paper. "meritorious service" and the scholar at the beginning "cultivate one's morality and cultivate one's character, which is beneficial to one's future" make the article seamless. )
7. What does this article tell us?
A person's knowledge is closely related to his moral character, so he should study hard and improve his self-cultivation in an all-round way. )
8. In the history of China, there are many stories about the elders' painstaking education of their children. Please summarize and write one or two.
(Liu Bang dropped out of school when he was young. He was secretly pleased to hear that Qin Shihuang burned books to bury Confucianism. However, when he became emperor, he was deeply ignorant, so he encouraged his son to learn with personal experience without pretense.
At the beginning of Zhuge Liang's Book of Commandments, he earnestly warned his children to "be quiet and self-cultivation, be frugal and self-cultivation", that is, to keep a pure heart and a pure desire, so as to shape noble moral sentiments. Obviously, "indifference" and "tranquility" are the necessary conditions for "ambition" and "distant aspiration", while "distant aspiration" and "distant aspiration" are the ultimate goals of "indifference" and "tranquility". Zhuge Liang emphasized in his book: "Learning must be quiet before learning; If you don't learn, you can't be versatile. If you don't want to learn, you can't learn. " In other words, studying and studying quietly is the means and process to make up your mind; Cultivating knowledge and increasing talents is the purpose.
Fu Lei wrote many letters to his son, aiming at educating him to become an "artist with both ability and political integrity and outstanding personality". )
Expand your research scope, read the following paragraph, and then complete the question.
Confucius said, "If you are eager to learn at fifty, you will not make a big mistake." Loyal old Wei Wu and Yuan Yi learned little and never got tired of getting old. Ceng Zi is a scholar at the age of 70 and is famous all over the world. Xun Qing began to study abroad at the age of fifty, and he was still a Confucian scholar. Gong Sunhong was in his forties before he read the Spring and Autumn Period, thus becoming a prime minister. Zhu Yun is also forty years old, and he began to study the Book of Changes and The Analects of Confucius. Huangfu Mi, at the age of 20, began to accept the Book of Filial Piety and The Analects of Confucius: they all became great scholars in the end, and this is not a question of early infatuation and late indulgence. The marriage crown in the world has not been learned, so it is too late, and it is also a fool's ear following the wall.
1. What does this passage mean?
(To illustrate that "it is better to go to school that night than to give up on yourself". )
2. What examples are listed in this article?
(Positive example: Confucius' words; Wei Wu, Yuan Yi, Ceng Zi, Xun Qing, GongSunHong, Zhu Jun, Huangfu Mi, etc. Counterexample: "The world has not learned the wedding crown, so it is too late to follow the wall." )
This passage is taken from the original text of Mianxue. If it is restored, where should it be placed in the second paragraph?
(It should be placed in the position of the ellipsis in paragraph 2. Because a few examples here are all about learning when you are old, and they are examples of "studying at night and not giving up". So put it here. )
homework
1. Organize class notes.
2. Preview the First Book of Wei Xian's Letter to My Brother, understand the content of the new text, and think about "learning suggestions".