(1) Jinzhou Black Label Mink
Jinzhou Black Label Mink (figure 1- 1) is a product of Jinzhou Precious Fur Animal Company in Dalian, Liaoning Province, which takes American mink as the male parent and Danish mink as the female parent, after 1 1 year (1988 ~ 1998).
? Figure 1- 1 Jinzhou Black Label Mink
1, physical appearance
Head: the head shape is obvious, the face is short and wide, the mouth is blunt and round, the nose mirror is moist, there are longitudinal grooves, the eyes are round and bright, and the ears are small. The male mink head is rough and square; The female mink's head is small, slender and slightly triangular. ?
Trunk: the neck is short and thick, the shoulders and chest are slightly wider, the back and waist are slightly curved, the hindquarters are plump and symmetrical, and the abdomen is slightly vertical.
Limbs: short and stout, with five toes on the front and rear feet, slight webbed between the toes on the back, and curved and inelastic claws.
Weight: 10 month male1~ 2.6 kg, female 0.9 ~ 1. 1 kg.
Body length:165438+1October, male mink 42-48 cm, female mink 36-42 cm.
Constitution: robust.
2, plush quality
Coat color: dark black, the back and abdomen are the same color, the down of native sheep is dark gray, there is no white spot on the lower jaw, and there is no miscellaneous hair on the whole body.
Wool quality: the needle hair is flush, bright and elastic, rich in fluff, soft and dense, without any defects.
Hair length: 1/2, 20 ~ 22 mm for males and19 ~ 21mm for females; Wool length, male mink 13 ~ 14 mm, female mink12 ~13 mm. The ratio of needle hair to fluff length is greater than 1:0.65.
In recent years, Jinzhou black label mink was improved from American short-haired dark mink. Improved Jinzhou black label mink, male mink needle hair length 18 mm, fluff length15 mm; The length of female mink needle hair is 17mm, and the length of female mink fluff is about 13mm. The length ratio of needle-like fluff decreased from 1:0.65 to about 1:0.8.
Capillary degree: 53 ~ 56 microns at the thickest point of needle hair 1/2, and 53 ~ 56 microns at the back center line of fluff 12 ~ 14 microns.
Wool density: the back center line 1/2, and the wool density in winter is above 12000/cm2.
3. Reproductive performance?
Young minks are sexually mature at 9 ~ 10 months old, with 1 fetus every year, and the breeding period is 3 ~ 4 years. The mating rate of male mink is over 90%, the mating rate of female mink is over 95%, the litter rate is over 85%, and the average litter size is over 6. At the end of the year, there were 4.2 ~ 4.5 minks per litter. The survival rate of young mink (end of June) is above 85%, and that of young mink (1end of October) is above 95%.
4. Growth and development?
Young minks grow and develop rapidly, especially from weaning to 4 months old, and are close to maturity at 6 months old. The weight of male and female minks at 6 months old is 2 100 4 1.5g and 1 180 35.3g respectively.
② American short hair painted sable skin.
1997, China introduced a large short-haired sable from the United States (figure 1-2), which has been successfully domesticated in the Institute of Specialty of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Jinzhou Farm in Dalian, Liaoning Province, and obtained excellent offspring. Strong disease resistance, strong adaptability and high yield.
Figure 1-2 American short hair painted sable skin
1, physical appearance
Head: The male mink has an obvious head contour, a short face and big eyes. The male mink looks fierce and the female mink looks slim.
Trunk: the neck is short and round, the chest is slightly wider, the back and waist are thick and long, the hindquarters are plump and the abdomen is compact.
Limbs: the forelimbs are short, the hind limbs are stout, and the claws are sharp and inflexible.
2. Body shape
Weight: in the introduction season (late September), the male mink reached 2 kg and the female mink reached1kg; The average adult weight of male mink is 2.25 kg, and that of female mink is about 1.25 kg.
Body length: male mink ≥ 40cm and female mink ≥ 37cm in the introduction season (late September). Adult male mink ≥ 45cm and female mink ≥ 39cm.
3, plush quality
Coat color: dark color, uniform coat color on back and abdomen, gray-black feather of native sheep, no variegated hair on the whole body, and little or no white spots on mandible.
Wool quality: the needle wool is highly flush, bright and flexible, silky, dense and free from damage and defects.
The length and comparison of needle and fluff: the length of male mink needle hair is 16 mm, and the length of fluff is about14 mm; The length of female mink needle hair is 12 mm, and the length of fluff is about10 mm; The length ratio of needles to villi is about 1:0.8.
Appearance: The coat is short, flat, neat, bright, black and thin.
4. External reproductive organs
Male mink: When touching the testicles, the testicles develop normally, symmetrically, independently and without adhesion.
Female mink: The vulva is normal in size, shape and position, with many nipples and even distribution.
(3) Canadian black label mink
Canadian black standard mink is similar to American short-haired black mink, but its coat color is not as deep as American short-haired black mink, and it is compact and slender, and its back and abdomen are not consistent.
(4) Danish standard color mink
Danish standard color mink and Jinzhou black standard mink are similar in size, loose in body, dark brown in fur, rough in needle hair, large in length ratio of needle hair, and different in back and abdomen fur color, but they have strong adaptability and high fecundity.
Second, the color mink series
Colored mink is a variety of dark brown mink. Its coat color comes from nearly 30 mutant genes and various combinations of these genes. Up to now, the combination of mink coat color genes has exceeded 100. According to their color types, they are mainly divided into brown mink series, blue mink series, yellow mink series, white mink series and black hybrid mink series.
① Danish red-eyed white mink
Danish red-eyed white mink (figure 1-3) is a new type of red-eyed white mink, with short and capillary needles, which is different from the coarse needle hair of the original emperor white mink. The albino gene belonging to 1 and the brown gene * * * constitute a double recessive genetic genotype (ccbb). The body shape and appearance are similar to those of the standard mink, with uniform milky white fur and pink eyes, and the fertility and disease resistance are slightly lower than those of the standard mink.
? Figure 1-3 Danish red-eyed mink
(2) Brown mink
The brown mink (Figure 1-4) has uniform brown fur and belongs to a single recessive genotype (bb) composed of 1 pair of brown genes. Cross with Danish red-eyed white mink, the first generation is all brown, the second generation is crossed or backcrossed with Danish red-eyed white mink, and the second generation separates Danish red-eyed white mink from brown mink. Fertility and disease resistance are slightly lower than standard mink. ?
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Figure 1-4 Brown mink
(3) Sapphire mink
Sapphire mink is uniform in color and sky blue, belonging to double recessive genetic type (aapp), with 1 cyan (Aleutian color) and 1 silver blue genes * * *. The body shape is similar to that of a standard mink, but compact and exquisite. Purebred reproduction has low reproductive capacity and low disease resistance.
(4) Silver blue mink
The whole coat is uniform gray-blue, belonging to a single recessive genetic type (pp) composed of 1 silver-blue gene. The body shape, appearance, reproductive performance and disease resistance are the same as those of the standard mink, but the needle hair is thicker and longer, and the constitution is loose. Cross with sapphire mink, the first generation is silver blue, cross or backcross with sapphire mink, and the second generation separates sapphire mink and silver blue mink. Silver-blue mink is the best parent for hybrid breeding of sapphire mink.
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(5) steel blue (iron gray) mink
Steel-blue mink (Figure 1-5) has a uniform blue-gray fur, which is a kind of silver-blue mink, and its fur is dark and steel-colored. It belongs to the single recessive multiple allelic type (psp) composed of 1 silver blue multiple allelic (modified) gene. The body shape and appearance are the same as those of the standard mink, even thicker than the standard mink, and the needle hair is thicker and longer. Its fur is a favorite product in the market.
Figure 1-5 steel blue mink
(6) Pearl mink
The pearl mink (Figure 1-6) has a uniform grayish yellow coat, which is similar to the pearl color, hence the name "pink-eyed pearl mink". It belongs to the double recessive genetic type consisting of 1 beige gene and 1 silver blue gene (PP; Bpbp). The body shape and appearance are similar to the standard mink, but the fertility and disease resistance are slightly lower than the standard mink. ?
? Figure 1-6 Pearl mink
(7) beige mink
The beige mink has uniform beige hair and pink eyes, and belongs to a single recessive genetic type (bpbp) consisting of 1 pair of beige genes. Body shape, appearance, disease resistance and fecundity are similar to those of standard mink.
(8) Black Cross Mink
Black cross mink (Figure 1-7) is black and white, and the black hair forms obvious black cross patterns on the back line and shoulders, which is novel and beautiful. It belongs to the dominant genetic genotype (ss, Ss) composed of 1 pair black cross dominant gene or 1 pair heterozygous gene, and the dominant homozygous individual (SS) has no embryo death. Body shape, appearance, fecundity and disease resistance are the same as those of standard mink.
? Figure 1-7 Black cross mink
(9) Danish brown series minks
1, Danish dark brown mink?
The whole body coat is uniform and dark brown, and its coat color is similar to that of dark mink. However, in bright environment, the needle hair is dark brown and the fluff is dark brown, which changes with the brightness and angle of light, and its body shape is similar to that of standard mink. Its fur is very popular in the international market.
2. Danish light brown mink?
Larger in size, with brown needle hair and light brown fluff, similar to brown mink, but more gorgeous than brown mink.
Colorful mink is favored by consumers, especially in recent years, the price of colorful mink is higher than that of standard mink 100-200 yuan, while the cost of breeding has not increased. Therefore, the development of colored mink breeding can obviously improve economic benefits and has a good market prospect. However, large farms should raise colored minks and minks with special colors, and small and medium-sized farms should not raise these rare types or only 1 ~ 2 types. Otherwise, not only close relatives are easy to degenerate because of small population, but also it is difficult to produce batch products with consistent quality, and ultimately it will not improve breeding efficiency. Some small farmers follow suit to breed colorful minks, but the amount of breeding is not large, but there are many kinds of colors. As a result, the mink farm became an exhibition garden. In fact, this is not correct.