1. Understanding concentration and memory.
The meaning of concentration and memory.
Attention and memory are the most basic thinking activities of human beings. If you want to give full play to your concentration and memory, you need constant protection and reinforcement.
Concentration is a kind of directionality, that is, when we begin to learn and understand a thing, we will first concentrate our information recognition and thinking activities on one object, which is concentration. Memory is to store all the materials that come into contact with after thinking activities and become the basis of thinking activities in the future.
2. Factors affecting attention and memory
People have different sensitive periods at different ages, and children are more obvious before 6 years old than after 6 years old. For example, when a child is born, he likes to see things with obvious contrast between black and white, because the visual nerve needs external stimulation and the nerve needs interconnection to develop healthily. This is a period of visual sensitivity. The visual sensitivity period is followed by the tactile sensitivity period, when the body motor function begins to develop. Therefore, in different sensitive periods, children have different concerns about different things and do not need parental intervention. Before the age of 6, parents should try to allow their children to do what they want on the premise of ensuring their safety.
In addition, talents, hobbies and goals will also affect concentration and memory. Children will try to do all kinds of things. When children show their talents in a certain aspect, they will pay more attention to and remember it.
If children can get the affirmation and encouragement from their parents when doing something, even if they don't show talent in this matter, as long as they are interested, they will get the motivation to continue. Some parents will take their children to visit famous schools. In fact, this is to help children set goals. Having a clear goal can also affect children's attention and memory input, so that children can invest more energy in the goal.
The time of concentration will gradually increase with age. For example, according to the statistics of children's classes, before the age of 7, children's concentration can be maintained for 10 minutes, and by the age of 12, their concentration can be improved to more than 30 minutes.
2. How to stimulate children's learning motivation through experience?
1. Motivation: Talent cannot be changed, but interests and goals can be influenced by acquired.
Winning experience: If Chen says he wants his children to learn Weiqi, but they go home and play with Ruochen, if Chen always wins, the children will never play Weiqi again in less than half a year, because the children have no winning experience, and frustration makes him unwilling to play Weiqi again.
Positive experience: Positive experience can stimulate children's positive motivation. When a little girl plays the piano while her mother is sitting beside her, the child can get a positive experience from her mother's admiring eyes, and she is willing to continue playing. However, if the same parent is with them, while listening to the child playing the piano, while accusing the child of playing this wrong and that wrong, the child may lose interest in continuing to play the piano in the process of being constantly denied.
The experience of being accompanied: In the needs of children 12 years old before puberty, the companionship of parents is the first, but almost all parents will not take time to accompany their children after they finish their homework, but watch TV, play mobile phones and play games by themselves. Wise parents will accompany their children in parent-child reading, help them establish reading habits, prepare some books for their children, read them repeatedly with them, and strengthen their memories in the process of repeated reading. Moreover, the nervous system of the brain is easier to understand new information associated with old information. The more knowledge a child has, the easier it is to find a connection point in future study.
Establish the goals you want: Goals can't be said only by mouth, and children need to establish them through their own inner experiences. For example, taking children to visit universities will subtly influence children and let them set goals from the heart.
Kill motivation
Losing experience: Winning experience can build positive motivation, and then losing experience will stifle positive motivation.
Negative experiences: Negative experiences can also stifle positive motivation. For example, some parents will accuse their children of being lazy when they don't do their homework on time. Parents' motivation is that they want their children to study hard, but the effect of this communication method may stifle their positive motivation. In this case, it is enough for parents to lightly remind them, for example, have you finished your homework? Children will notice that they should do their homework when they hear it. What if the reminder doesn't work? The best way is to do nothing. Homework will be written sooner or later. When children begin to do their homework, parents will look for opportunities to praise their children for remembering to do their homework. When children can get positive energy when doing something, their motivation will get stronger and stronger, and they will develop the habit of writing homework on time.
Experience of not being noticed: Some parents may not pay enough attention to their children because of their busy work, which gives them the motivation to get attention by doing some bad things.
Forced experience: the result of forcing a child to do something is completely different from the result of the child doing something spontaneously. The heavier the compulsion, the weaker the motivation.
3. How to cultivate children's concentration and memory
1. Memory rule
Pleasure is easy to find, pain is easy to seal, and plain is easy to forget. This is human instinct and a subconscious self-protection. For example, happy things are easy to remember, and painful things are sealed in the subconscious.
Image is easier to remember than abstraction. When training children's memory, they should be as visual as possible.
Timely and moderate repetition is beneficial to memory.
Meaningful is easier to remember than meaningless. Children's mechanical memory ability is stronger. The older they are, the worse their content memory is, and the more they need meaningful memory.
Forgetting curve of mechanical memory (recitation);
Ebbinghaus forgetting curve shows that if there is no review, memory will decay rapidly. Meaningful and meaningless content have different attenuation degrees, with poetry having the lowest attenuation degree and meaningless syllables having the highest attenuation degree.
Review the strategies to deal with forgetting curve;
Through review, in the eighth memory cycle, short-term memory changed into long-term memory need 15 days.
2. Memory strategies
Situation is conducive to memory: situation is to set memory in a certain environment, so that memory can be linked with the environment and promote children's memory.
Vision, hearing, smell, taste and body feeling are more impressive than participation: combine vision, hearing, smell, taste, body feeling and memory. For example, memorizing words needs to be seen with eyes, read with mouth and written by hand, so that different senses can remember them together, which will be more profound.
Proactive inhibition and backward inhibition: proactive inhibition means that what you remember at first will inhibit what you remember later, making it difficult to remember later. Inverted suppression means that the last thing you remember will suppress the previous thing, making the previous thing difficult to remember. Proactive inhibition and backward inhibition are manifested in daily life. When endorsing, the beginning and end are often remembered most clearly, and the middle content is vague. The way to avoid proactive inhibition and proactive inhibition is to remember the contents of the head and tail, skip this part in the next endorsement and recite the middle part directly.
Create a memory environment: lack of oxygen in the brain, happy mood, ventilation in the room and exercise.
Summary:
Concentration and memory are important foundations of thinking ability.
The key to improving concentration and memory is the level of motivation, and positive motivation can improve concentration and memory.
Memory and forgetting have their own laws, and all methods must follow objective laws to be effective.
Airushi education
Do "education with love as the background"
Love, he is, not, as I wish!
About Ruochen
8-year-old boy Ma Ma
Senior Lecturer in Family Education, State Council for Industry and Commerce
Senior tutor of national family education
Children's time management coach
Xiu Yuan Aru is the founder of the Education Guidance Station.
Head of early education institution
Lifelong learner