For a long time, there have been different versions about the national treasure "Yuan Blue and White" unearthed in Gao 'an, some of which were discovered by migrant workers and some by archaeologists during capital construction. As we all know, "Yuan Qinghua" is produced in Jingdezhen, Jiangxi. Why does Gao 'an have a considerable number of the best "Yuan Blue and White"? A few days ago, the reporter specially came to Gao 'an to find the little-known story behind the national treasure.
A phone call saved a batch of "Yuan Qinghua". 1980165438+1October 29 14, Liu Yuhei, then the curator of Gao 'an Museum, was in his office to identify a newly unearthed cultural relic when suddenly the phone on his desk rang. "I am Zhou Zesheng, secretary of Jiangxi Second Electromechanical Factory (Old Red Army). Xiao Liu came here soon. When the migrant workers in our factory dug the column foundation, they found a lot of porcelain underground. I guess it's a relic. Come and have a look. " After listening, emperor wu of song immediately reply on the dark horse.
Riding a bicycle, Liu Yuhei and the museum staff flew all the way to the construction site, and many people were already on the scene. Liu Yuhei squeezed through the crowd and jumped straight to the ground. He found many pieces of celadon and tin skin scattered around. Liu Yuhei quickly jumped into the pit and saw that many large pieces of porcelain had just surfaced.
At that time, eight migrant workers were waving hoes to dig down. Seeing this scene, Liu Yuhei shouted: "I am the curator of the museum, please don't dig any more." On the one hand, they worry that migrant workers dig underground porcelain, on the other hand, they worry that porcelain will be looted after it is unearthed. After Liu Yuhei finished speaking, he immediately blocked the cellar with his body and immediately asked Zhou Zesheng to send someone to help protect the scene. Soon, another archaeologist, Lin Xiong, also arrived at the scene.
How time flies! It's already 16, and it's almost night. Liu Yuhei immediately asked Zhou Zesheng to wire and install electricity, and decided to clean up the excavation and rescue the cultural relics overnight. Archaeologists are numbered and registered one by one in the order of unearthed cultural relics. During this period, everyone forgot the fatigue of work, and no one saw the clock. Until Liu Yuhei paused a little and stretched himself, only to find that there was dawn on the horizon.
"At that time, after we cleaned and photographed the scene, we transported the cultural relics back to the museum. Now that I think about it, thanks to Secretary Zhou's phone call, I saved a batch of national treasures. " Liu Yuhei said.
Unexpected harvest, the man sent back a "Yuan Qinghua"
It is understood that the excavation of cultural relics was very urgent at that time, and it was not reported to the superior in time. At that time, Liu Yuhei and others were not convenient to ask for help from provincial and national cultural relics experts. So after transporting the cultural relics back to the museum, Liu Yuhe and Lin Xiong had to look for information for self-inspection and comparative appraisal. Lin Xiong suddenly excitedly pointed to the picture of the document and showed it to Liu Yuhei: "The shape, glaze color and decorative pattern of these cultural relics are exactly the same as those in the document. They are blue and white porcelain of the Yuan Dynasty. "
Liu Yuhei was very excited at that time. "My heart is jumping out!" Because at that time, the number of "Yuan blue and white" unearthed in the world was less than 200 pieces, and the red porcelain in glaze was rare, less than 20 pieces. However, there are 19 pieces of "Yuan Blue and White" unearthed in Gao 'an, and 4 pieces of underglaze red, which are the best in variety and quality in the world. In particular, the unearthed Gao Zubei, a blue-and-white poem in Yuan Dynasty, is a rare treasure in blue-and-white porcelain in Yuan Dynasty, with clear brushwork, smooth lines and one-stop insole calligraphy.
Liu Yuhei soon decided to report the matter to the county party secretary so that the government could send police to strengthen the security of the national treasure. Liu Yuhei reported the value of unearthed cultural relics in the office of former county party secretary Wang Shuji. When Wang Shuji heard that Liu Yuhei estimated that the cultural relics were worth hundreds of millions of yuan, he immediately replied that he would work hard to strengthen security.
With the support of the county party secretary, Liu Yuhe and Lin Xiong worked harder to find ways to protect the national treasure. There was also an "episode" during this period. 12 19 that night, a man in his thirties found Liu Yuhei, claiming to live in Zhuhu Village, Shanghu People's Commune, Gao 'an, and found a cultural relic while digging a wall foundation. He wants to ask Liu Yuhei to identify it and sell it to the country.
Just took things, emperor wu of song black was shocked. The large bowl of white porcelain in the hand is very similar to a large number of blue and white porcelain unearthed in the cellar. Liu Yuhei became suspicious: "This porcelain was not unearthed in Zhuhu Village, but one of the porcelain cellars excavated by Jiang Erdian. How did you get it? " Hearing this, the man was too nervous to speak. Liu Yu comforted the man on the dark horse: "Don't be nervous, what you sent is a cultural relic. This is a protected cultural relic."
Hearing this, the man was no longer nervous and told Liu Yuhei the process in detail. The man's name is Fu, and he is a worker in Jiangxi No.2 Electric Machine Factory. He heard that migrant workers had dug up something, so he went to the construction site and took the opportunity to take a big bowl, thinking that he could sell some money.
Because of his sincere attitude, Liu Yuhei immediately said that after the cultural relics left, a certificate of cultural relics protection will be issued with a reward of 100 yuan.
In order to confirm whether there are other cultural relics flowing out, Liu Yuhe then invited the local public security organs to come forward. With the cooperation of Zhou Zesheng, everyone present on the day was investigated one by one, and finally it was confirmed that only a large bowl was taken away. At this point, the entire porcelain cellar was nationalized, and all of them remained in Gao' an.
A report that shocked the world and settled the controversy.
Soon, the news of the national treasure unearthed in Gao' an spread like wildfire. 198 1 year1October 16 at 9: 00 am, Li Huibing, a researcher at Beijing Palace Museum (then vice president of China Ancient Ceramics Research Association and a famous ceramic archaeologist) led a delegation of more than 60 national cultural relics and archaeologists to Gao 'an for inspection. After seeing the blue and white porcelain in Gao 'an Museum, Li Huibing couldn't help sighing: "This is a major discovery in the history of ceramic archaeology since the founding of the People's Republic of China, not only in Jiangxi, but also in the whole country. Once the excavation report is published, it will definitely shock the world. "
As expected, Liu Yuhe later published the excavation report of the national treasure "Yuan Blue and White Porcelain" in academic journals such as China Blue and White Porcelain, which shocked the world once published. Well-known media at home and abroad have reported or reprinted important news of Yuan porcelain pits unearthed in Gao 'an.
According to Chen Lili, a professor at Jiangxi Normal University of Science and Technology and an expert in porcelain archaeology, the national treasure blue-and-white porcelain unearthed in Gao 'an not only shocked the world, but also established Jingdezhen as an international porcelain capital. Before Yuan Blue and White was unearthed in Gao 'an, whether Jingdezhen was an international porcelain capital (some people said that international porcelain was in Iran, because before Yuan Blue and White was unearthed in Gao 'an, some people thought that the production of blue and white porcelain in Iran was earlier than that in China) and whether China had the ability and technology to produce Yuan Blue and White was always controversial.
Chen Lili also mentioned that according to historical records, China began to produce blue and white porcelain during the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty. Only in 1950s, American archaeologist Pope published an article pointing out that "China produced blue and white porcelain in Yuan Dynasty", which was based on a pair of vases collected by Edgeworth Beresford David Foundation Museum in England (the words "Yuan 1 1 year" were engraved on the vases), and then compared with blue and white porcelain all over the world.
In 1950s, although Popper's viewpoint aroused great repercussions abroad, it was only recognized by a few archaeologists in China. These archaeologists collected evidence of whether there was blue-and-white porcelain production in China in Yuan Dynasty, but there was no breakthrough. It was not until 1980 that Gao 'an Yuan blue-and-white porcelain was excavated that it was confirmed that China had produced blue-and-white porcelain in Yuan Dynasty. Archaeologists at home and abroad have recognized that all the blue-and-white porcelain and underglaze red in the Yuan Dynasty in the world, as long as they are the best, are from Jingdezhen, Jiangxi Province, so the national treasure "Yuan Blue-and-White" was unearthed in Gao 'an, which established Jingdezhen's status as an international porcelain capital in one fell swoop.
The appearance of a national treasure attracted thieves to covet.
After the national treasure "Yuan Blue and White" was unearthed, it became the treasure of the town hall of Gao 'an Museum. With the increase of fame, many treasure thieves covet national treasures in succession.
1at 22: 00 on February 24, 989, the spring rain continued and the wind was biting. Chen Xingyi, the deputy curator on duty, and the security guard suddenly found a man climbing over the wall and entering the museum infrastructure shed. The man sneaked around the exhibition hall of the museum. Chen Xingyi rushed forward quickly, and someone caught him behind him: "Who? What are you doing here? " The man faltered for a while, suddenly broke free and fled. Chen Xingyi immediately shouted and chased the man, and finally captured him and escorted him to the police station. Upon examination by the public security organs, the man's name is Wu Weidong, a native of Ruian County, Zhejiang Province. Two days after stepping on the museum, he waited for an opportunity to break into the exhibition room and steal cultural relics in the dead of night.
"In addition to stealing directly, there are people who use the identity of foreigners to cover the opportunity to steal." Liu Yuhei told reporters. 1986 On April 23rd 1 1: 40, two people claiming to be British overseas entered the Gao 'an Museum by bus, and Wu Pingsheng, the duty officer, received them. When the two "British overseas Chinese" arrived, they said that they had come to Jiangxi to discuss economic and trade cooperation and visit precious cultural relics by the way. Wu Pingsheng said that visiting precious cultural relics must be approved by the higher authorities. "Yingqiao" showed a disappointed expression after listening and began to look around the museum with a very skeptical expression. Wu Pingsheng immediately became alert, took out a pen and paper, wrote down the brand and number of the car, and quickly drew a sketch of the two.
Soon, two "British overseas Chinese" left without saying goodbye. Wu Pingsheng and Liu Yuhei are even more suspicious, thinking that "British overseas Chinese" rented a limousine to visit cultural relics in Gao 'an, but left in a hurry without making it. There must be something wrong. Liu Yuhei immediately looked for Gao 'an Public Security Bureau to trace it. Soon, the public security organs found the car and the driver in Qingshan Lake Hotel in Nanchang, and found that the renter's name was Li. According to his passport, Li is indeed in London, England, and works in the Beijing office of the Swedish Commercial Bank. However, after Li arrived in Jiangxi, he did not hold any economic and trade talks, and his whereabouts were very suspicious. Accordingly, the Jiangxi Provincial Public Security Department called the Ministry of Public Security and demanded a quick investigation. It turns out that Li is a smuggler and Beijing is investigating him. He came to Jiangxi and tried every means to steal the precious cultural relics of Gao 'an Museum.
The national treasure hidden in the secret room is looking forward to seeing the light of day again
Fortunately, the national treasure stayed in Gao' an. At the same time, many people don't understand: "Yuan Qinghua" is produced in Jingdezhen. Why are there so many best "Yuan Qinghua" in Gao 'an? Is there still "Yuan Qinghua" in Gao 'an that hasn't been discovered?
Liu Yuhei solved the mystery for us. Judging from the "Yuan Blue and White" unearthed in Gao 'an, porcelain is all produced in Jingdezhen official kiln, and there are many dragon patterns with five claws on it. According to the ban on the use of five-claw dragon-patterned objects in Yuan Dynasty, it can be concluded that the owner must be a powerful upper-class figure. According to the Records of Gao 'an History, in the middle and late Yuan Dynasty, the Wu family in Shangquan, Gao 'an City, who lived near the cellar, was once surnamed Ma and was a royal servant. It can be judged that the owner of porcelain is Wu Xianfu, who is from Gao 'an. In history, only Wu Xianfu lived near the cellar and was a captain from Yuan Dynasty to Ma Xu, so it can be concluded that there is no possibility that "Yuan Blue and White" was buried in Gao 'an underground.
"It is precisely because there can be no' Yuan Blue and White' underground in Gao 'an, and because' Yuan Blue and White' is precious and non-renewable, so we have taken six protective measures to hide the national treasure." Liu Yuhei said.
Because national treasures are too dense, there is no opportunity for treasure thieves, but it also makes many ordinary people extremely sorry. For 26 years, ordinary people have never seen the real national treasure. During the interview, the reporter found that the national treasure "Yuan Qinghua" was hidden in the secret room of Gao 'an Museum, and six people in charge of keys had to open six doors to see the national treasure.
In this regard, many experts said that in the market economy society, all parts of the country are using the value of national treasures to develop tourism resources. It's a pity that "Yuan Qinghua" is lying in the secret room.
In fact, the relevant departments of Gao 'an City are also aware of this problem. During the interview, the reporter learned that the local government is considering turning national treasures into tourism resources. The city has planned a piece of land for the construction of a new museum, and strives to move the national treasure into a safe and modern museum as soon as possible, so that the national treasure is no longer mysterious.
Wonderful film review
★ "Blue and White Game" is a transformation work of the famous director Wang, which has brought him excellent reputation. Before the film was released, actors such as Bai Guowei became famous. This is a film that reflects several little people. Juck Zhang (played by Bai Guowei), the leading actor, embarked on his own bumpy road of love because he was older and pregnant before marriage, but he didn't expect to get involved in a series of bizarre disputes between right and wrong with Guan Yilin (played by Yue Hong) and was played by cultural relics dealer Fan Hu (played) and (played). At the critical moment, he showed his heroic side and finally won a beautiful smile.
★ The story of the blue-and-white game is similar to the movie Crazy Stone, but it is more inclined to the "orthodox version".