Talent plays an absolutely crucial role in early childhood education. Fang Zhuxian, chairman of the Children's Art and Culture Foundation, pointed out that early childhood education is the starting point of all education, the basis of implementing educational policies and an important stage of rooting children's basic living ability. For preschool children, learning life and knowing the world are their most important things. However, for young children, learning can not be completed by one-way instructions or instructions, but by repeating exercises and games, they can deepen their impressions and internalize their abilities. Fan Ruizhen, assistant professor of the Department of Early Childhood and Family Education at Taipei University of Education, said that early childhood education should be created through the gamification of art and life, and learning motivation should be developed. Art education should be cultivated and cultivated from an early age, and repeated practice and application in life will often have a considerable impact on a person's future personality, psychology, emotion and values, and will also indirectly affect learning attitude, vision and achievements, which will not only enable children to accumulate aesthetic experience, but also enhance their wisdom in life.
Chen, a physical therapist in Zhenxing Hospital, believes that when parents cultivate their children's talents, they should first understand the development process of baby movements, including coarse movements and fine movements. Rough movements refer to the development of baby's big movements, such as using the big muscles of head, neck, trunk and limbs, such as crawling, standing, walking and jumping. Fine movements are the coordination ability of hands and brains, including the application ability of small muscles such as arms, palms and fingers.
Chairman Fang Zhuxian further explained that these seemingly complex and natural movements cannot be completed by infants themselves, and they also need sufficient practice opportunities and appropriate diversity. In the process of baby growth, children's healthy development can be promoted through early childhood education and talent training. Maybe parents will think, "My child is so young, can he complete these actions?" Can you learn all kinds of talents? In fact, the extent to which each child's ability can develop depends on the education given by his parents.
In the curriculum of early childhood education, it can be roughly divided into five kinds of personnel training: music, art, dance, drama and arithmetic. The cultivation of these talents needs to be learned through various activities and games, and there will definitely be failures or setbacks in the process. However, parents can tell their children that this is a process of challenging themselves, and they can also make their children feel interesting and more willing to continue learning through appropriate encouragement or help, so as to establish self-confidence and accumulate growth experience.
Developmental age of 0 ~ 6 years old infants
Big motor
Fine movements
0 ~ 1 year
Head up, face down, turn around
Grab something and send something to your mouth.
1 ~ 2 years old
Go standing with your things.
Clap your hands and tear the paper.
2 ~ 3 years old
Jump, run, drill, catch the ball, and then let go.
Use a spoon, turn over a book, take a cup and doodle.
3 ~ 4 years old
Hold the railing down the stairs, walk in a straight line and jump 1.
Puzzle and draw simple figures.
4 ~ 5 years old
Go downstairs without holding anything, jump on one foot for more than 5 times.
Can use keyboard, scissors, draw characters and pass the ball.
5 ~ 6 years old
Ride a bicycle with auxiliary wheels and walk with padded feet.
Catch the ball with one hand, catch the rebound ball with both hands, and draw a character expression.
Children's five talents are suitable for their age: singing at the age of 4 refers to that after children experience music, they convert the sounds heard by their ears into memory and cognition, then give orders through their brains, control timbre and pitch, and sing through their mouths.
From the age of 4, children can distinguish the size and rhythm of sound, write their own songs or write down the songs they hear, and suddenly sing them one day. Parents are advised to choose more educational songs, such as children's songs and two-handed game songs, which sound more comfortable. * * * Children's hearing can make them hum to the rhythm. In this process, we can not only strengthen their understanding of melody, rhythm and timbre, but also cultivate their sense of sound, memory and cognitive ability.
Musical instrument learning is suitable for age: 5-year-old musical instrument practice can not only train children's rhythm response and hand-eye-body coordination ability, but also cultivate children's concentration. Through musical instruments, they can practice all kinds of songs, and then experience the change of music rhythm, various irregular beats and various applications of musical instruments. In addition, you can also train the correct listening ability, understand the high and low timbre of the sound, and learn to convey your emotions and express your creativity through music.
It is worth noting that there are quite a few kinds of musical instruments, the fingering is complicated, and there are also many dynamics and subtle movements to be controlled. Parents are advised to observe whether the child's motor development is mature enough and whether the muscle control is sufficient before learning musical instruments for the child. Physiotherapist Chen added that if parents want their children to learn musical instruments, they should start with instruments that will not affect the upward development of the human body, such as piano and flute, such as violin and cello. These instruments may skew or sideways the bones, hindering the development of body balance and body movements, and should wait until the children's bones are mature.
Children's five talents can develop their training talents. 2. Art can integrate vision, touch, perception, space and emotional expression. Children can not only cultivate creativity, but also promote the cognition of life things. Fan Ruizhen, an assistant professor, stressed that children will start doodling at about 65,438+0 years old and 65,438+0 months old. At this time, most of them present some random lines of different lengths and waves and lines without images. Gradually, because they found that brushes can make "shaped things", they began to doodle on paper by themselves, and it was not until they were about 3 years old that they began to operate brushes to create more complex images.
To cultivate children's artistic talent, we must rely on various methods to cultivate. Generally speaking, it can be divided into three types. The first is to experience daily life, and know that artistic elements are everywhere by understanding various objects in life, and then internalize them into their own cognition of beauty; The second is three-dimensional kneading, stacking games and so on. The third is a graphic painting game and a printmaking game. These arts can deepen children's impression of people, things and things in life, and also give full play to children's imagination and creativity.
Experiencing daily life is suitable for children's art education. People, things and things in life are one of the rich resources to guide children to taste aesthetic experience for the first time. A scene and an object in nature, seasonal changes, buildings, daily necessities, clothing, etc. They are full of artistic flavor. Parents should guide their children to constantly look for new things in their lives, observe with their eyes, touch with their hands, and understand various colors and shapes through daily life experience. This is an artistic talent.
Know that public art is suitable for age: public art is the most direct and familiar visual art in children's living environment. It not only brings the sense of distance between art and life closer, but also is the easiest teaching material to guide. No matter in urban areas, towns or parks, there are public works of art. Parents are advised to take their children out and enjoy public art and the beauty of their children.
Sculpture learning is suitable for age: 2-year-old sculpture is an artistic talent to guide children to create a sense of balance by hand and establish a three-dimensional space. Children can play with clay and mud by themselves from the age of 2. Parents are advised to expose their children to clay, clay, pottery, etc. They can also prepare toys, such as building blocks, folding music and plastic cups. Let children practice fine hand movements, establish the concept of increasing or decreasing sculptures, and increase their sensitivity to color.
Painting learning is suitable for age: 4-year-old children can draw specific people, things and things from the age of 4, and use their imagination to draw things in their minds on drawing paper. Parents are advised to take out a large piece of white paper, colored crayons, watercolor pens and other tools for their children to create when they practice painting. Through various painting tools, they can learn how to use brushes, mix pigments, practice artistic skills and so on, and enjoy writing on paper.
Children's five talents can develop their training talents. 3. Dance In early childhood education, dance is mainly to let children know their bodies and show their creativity through physical experience and exploration. These ideas not only need to be combined through the information received by the brain, but also need the cooperation of the body. Through the creation and practice of various situations, children can gradually show their dancing talent and release their bodies through observation, imitation and imagination, so as to achieve the goal of sound physical and mental development, self-confidence, healthy and happy growth.
Rhythm learning is suitable for age: 2-year-old rhythm refers to a healthy and happy rhythm, which is the first step for children to know and show their bodies. From the age of 2, children will move their bodies at will, and when they hear the sound with obvious rhythm around them, their bodies will twist at will. Parents can teach their children how to do body rhythm through various simple rhythm and rhythm exercises, with various music, situations and props. After the child is 4 years old, he can master his own body to a certain extent, then guide the child to exert his imagination and give full play to various dance steps, and then train his sense of coordination and balance, as well as the control ability of large and small muscles.
Dance learning is suitable for age: 4-year-old children have become quite fond of twisting their bodies since they were 4 years old, and they can sing and dance to the rhythm. At the same time, they have the ability to play with their peers. Parents are advised to bring their children into the crowd and encourage them to dance together. It should be noted that the cultivation of children's dance talent must be through the training of skills and physical fitness. Before training, we should observe whether their sense of balance is enough, whether their body movements are mature, and whether they can jump and swing. When their body and mind are mature, they can receive dance training, and then begin to use more complex situational methods and action training to let children express their inner thoughts with their limbs, so as to master various dance skills, accumulate physical memory and grow steadily.
Five Gifts for Children to Develop Training Ability 4: Drama is a role-playing process. Through drama activities, we can understand the relationship between "I" and "non-I", that is, I am playing someone, expressing my feelings and ideas through dressing up and imitating exercises, and then achieving the function of self-regulation. In addition, children can also get a good experience of cooperation and mutual assistance.
Suitable age for role playing: 3 years old. In role-playing activities, "dressing up as a family wine" can be said to be one of the most popular games for children. Children have the ability to imitate from the age of 3, learning the character and work of family roles, such as: mom cooking, dad working, etc. At the age of 4, he will go beyond the role in his family and imagine the characters in comics or create them himself, such as an astronaut landing on the moon and three little pigs building a house. Parents are advised to let their children know more about different story characters, and encourage their children to boldly use their limbs, expressions and materials around them, such as paper, cloth and utensils. As an emotional expression medium for self-creation, fully express the drama and characters you want to create.
Puppet show is suitable for age: 5-year-old children start from 5 years old, and their role-playing ability is more mature. They can interpret simple scripts to execute or add their own plots. In addition, children will role-play with toys such as dolls or robots. The performance at this time is puppet operation. You can design the character's personality and put it into the doll you control. Parents are advised to lead their children to appreciate all kinds of dramas with strong plot and obvious stage movements, such as stage plays and shadow plays, so as to guide them to understand the characters in the story and stimulate their creativity and imagination.
Children's five talents can develop their training talents. Mathematics is used to cultivate children's computing ability, conceptual understanding ability and logical ability. Through addition and subtraction exercises such as counting and shopping, children's ability to think independently and think in multiple ways can be cultivated, and their ability to solve problems can be improved.
Counting exercises are suitable for age: counting at the age of 2 can be said to be the first step in developing mathematics. Children can count from the age of 2, such as 1, 2, 3, but they don't know what numbers mean. Even so, parents are advised to use various items to teach their children to count. For example, how many fingers, nose and eyes does a child have? After knowing your body, you can learn more about common daily necessities, such as how many TVs, how many people and how many building blocks there are at home, so as to cultivate children's concept of numbers.
Arithmetic exercises are suitable for age: 4-year-old children have the basic number concept of 1 to 10 since the age of 4. Parents are advised to start by teaching simple addition and subtraction exercises, such as:1+1= 2,2+1= 3, which can start with the things that children are most concerned about. In the process of teaching, we should also give enough patience and love. After all, most children can't learn it at once, and they have to practice repeatedly to build a database in their brains and increase their sensitivity to numbers.
Geometric concept is suitable for age: 4-year-old geometric concept means that children can establish the concept of shape and their understanding of daily necessities through the pairing of various items. Children have a preliminary concept of shape since they were 4 years old. Parents can guide their children to practice matching shoes and socks, or classify toys with the same color or shape together, so that they can not only know different shapes, but also cultivate their logical ability.
Time concept is suitable for age: 5-year-old children gradually establish time concept from the age of 5. Even if children are not good at watching clocks and can't figure out the corresponding relationship between what time and what events, parents can still tell their children all kinds of normal routines repeatedly, such as: it's time to eat at noon 12, go to bed at 9: 30 in the evening, and go out to play with the whole family on Sunday, so that children can get used to these routines, establish a concept of life and increase.
Abacus learning is suitable for age: 5-year-old children start from the age of 5, and meticulous hand movements are mature. They can learn how to use abacus and establish the concept of carry, including reading questions and calculating, and listening to teachers' readings to calculate answers. This can not only train arithmetic ability and memory, but also train attention and patience.
Mental arithmetic learning is suitable for age: the 6-year-old heart is an addition and subtraction operation in the mind. Generally speaking, it is more appropriate for children to learn abacus or have certain arithmetic concepts before learning mental arithmetic, because mental arithmetic requires good memory and numerical concepts. If they learn mental arithmetic without a certain foundation, it may kill their interest in mathematics.
Talent cultivation refers to the cultivation of children's basic living ability, so that children can have a basic understanding of all areas of life and promote a healthy life; Talent cultivation is the ability to gradually become a specialty when children are particularly interested in a certain talent and want to continue learning.
Only five children can train and train talents. Liu Cai reminded parents that when cultivating children's talents, the most important thing is to study with children and think about the needs at this stage from the perspective of children. How can we help him promote the healthy growth and development of children?
1. Parents must do their homework. Parents must have a certain understanding of all kinds of talent training methods and the development process of children, including the development of language, hearing, limbs and nerves, so as to know what kind of development children should have at all ages. What can be done? What help do you need? Or when the child encounters setbacks, he can be correctly encouraged to continue his studies. Chairman Fang Zhuxian pointed out that if parents lack the basic knowledge of these talents, they may not even know that their children played the wrong notes or sang the wrong melody in practice. If they want to persuade their children to learn another talent or other new things, they will have to spend more effort.
2. The importance of parent-child learning When cultivating children's various talents, parents must invest together to accompany their children to learn. It is by no means one-way to give all kinds of training, constantly ask for practice or just look at the results regardless of the process. Chairman Fang Zhuxian emphasized that the greatest benefit of accompanying children to study is to enhance parent-child relationship and increase their self-confidence. Many studies have shown that children who have been accompanied by their parents since childhood are not only less lonely when they grow up, but also have higher enthusiasm for learning and faster and more obvious progress. Therefore, parents are advised to set aside as much time as possible to practice with their children, enhance parent-child relationship and accompany their children to grow up while cultivating their talents.
3. Get in touch with nature before children can develop training. 4. Don't be overprotective. Because of the lack of modern life, many parents love their children very much and dare not let them learn all kinds of talents, or even help them do big and small things in life. In fact, overprotecting children only deprives them of the opportunity to learn and grow, and stifles creativity and imagination. Chairman Fang Zhuxian pointed out that every talent and self-care ability of children needs to be learned through games and activities in daily life, and it is inevitable that they will encounter setbacks in this process. This is the only way to grow up. Parents are saddened by their children's failure, so they should give positive encouragement and appropriate help, teach their children how to continue to complete their studies, encourage self-challenge, help build self-confidence and make their children move towards the next stage of growth.
5. Time of genius class
In today's society, various potential development and talent training courses emerge one after another. In order not to let their children lose at the starting point, parents often send their children to talent classes in advance to let them grow up in a short time. However, this spoon-feeding teaching method sometimes stifles their creativity and even their interest in learning. For children, the process of learning is far more important than the result. Let children enjoy all kinds of learning and enjoy it, then internalize these knowledge and skills into their hearts, accumulate rich and colorful life experiences, and let children grow up healthily and happily.
When educating their children, parents should pay attention to their needs and learning conditions, and avoid sending their children to talent classes too early, otherwise there will be problems such as learning burnout or resistance from an early age. If you find that your child is particularly interested in a certain talent, you can discuss with your child whether it is necessary to study more deeply to help your child develop his interest and let him grow up properly.
6. Choose the kindergarten carefully. Parents will send their children to kindergarten one after another from the age of 3, hoping to receive a good education in algebra, that is, to arrange various gifted exercises through the school, so that children can be widely exposed to many things and cultivate their living ability and interest. However, some kindergartens pay more attention to talents and adopt disciplinary training, failing to apply various abilities to daily life. This kind of learning may encourage children and kill their talents. Therefore, when choosing a kindergarten, parents should first understand the following conditions, including whether there is a good learning environment and whether teachers have received professional training in orthodox preschool education; Observe whether the teaching mode is gradual, instead of letting children do too many repeated exercises or training alone. In addition, parents should also communicate with operators and teachers first to ask whether the school's teaching mode is in line with children's tonality. It is best to take the children to know about the kindergarten first, feel whether they like it or not, and then decide to enter the park.
Fang Zhuxian's education: Doctoral experience: part-time lecturer in Adult Education Center of National Taiwan Province Normal University, part-time lecturer in Department of Early Childhood Education of Shih Chien University, assistant professor in Department of Early Childhood Education of Mingxin University of Science and Technology, member of the evaluation committee for the promotion of the first presidential education award, consultant and resident artist of Taipei Children's Recreation Center, and author of the manual for early childhood art teachers of National Taiwan Province Art Education Center. Current position: Chairman and CEO of Children's Art Education Foundation.
Fan Ruizhen Education: Doctor of Art Special Education, University of Pittsburgh, USA (majoring in art cognitive psychology and painting analysis). At present, he is an assistant professor in the Department of Early Childhood and Family Education of Taipei University of Education.
Chen Yirong Education: Master of Sports and Health Sciences, University of Bristol, UK Experience: Physiotherapist of Wan Fang Hospital, part-time lecturer of Department of Physiotherapy and Assistive Technology, Yangming University Current position: Physiotherapist of Zhenxing Hospital.
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