The reporter visited Peifei Thinking Hall deeply and learned that Peifei's teaching design conforms to the objective law of children's age development. Every game and activity that children play in class reflects the teacher's careful design. Peifei teaching AIDS with patent intellectual property rights play an important role in the classroom. Through the hands-on operation of teaching AIDS, children gradually establish logical thinking, analytical reasoning and creative thinking abilities, develop spatial imagination and experience the mysteries of the mathematical world.
(Peifei thinking mathematics teaching aid)
But this should not be the whole of mathematics enlightenment. Mr. Tao Xingzhi thinks: "Education must be life. All education must run through life. " Mathematics enlightenment should also return to life, so that children can experience that mathematics comes from life and have the ability to restore it to life. This requires the cooperation of parents. How do parents who care about the development of children's mathematical thinking enlighten their children? The person in charge of Peifei recommended a cow mother to share:
Mommy Doudou (Master of Fudan University, good at inspiring mathematical thinking)
Mommy Doudou thinks that about the age at which mathematics enlightenment begins, it is more appropriate to be around 3 years old. It can be inspired and guided from five aspects: number and quantity, number and calculation, plane geometry and solid geometry, object attributes and sorting rules.
Numbers and quantities
2.5 -3.5-year-old children want to start the enlightenment of "number sense", so it is suggested to start with "the correspondence between number and quantity". In other words, if the mother says "please bring me six pieces", the child can get the correct number of pieces. Instead of empty talk, you can count from 1 to 50 or even 100, but you can't get the correct number of six pieces.
There is a very simple but effective method for the enlightenment of number sense in the stage of "number corresponding quantity": counting. Count all the things you can see and touch around you, such as watermelons, apples, watercolor pens, picture books, your own clothes and socks, trees on the road, cars in the community, kites in the sky and so on. Counting things is not only a process of getting familiar with the concept of "1, 2,3", but also a process of leading children to know the world.
It took a long time for human ancestors to realize that the "2" of two birds and the "2" of two trees are the same 2. Two birds and two trees are concrete things, and the number 2 is an abstract symbol. From concrete things to abstract symbols, thinking has made a great leap. Therefore, before teaching children the numbers "1, 2,3", let them have enough counting experience first. First, teach children to know "number". After counting enough things, teach children to know "numbers" and match them.
The correspondence between number and quantity includes two aspects: one is to know which number symbol to use when you see the quantity of specific things; Second, it is also easy for many parents to ignore. When you see a number symbol, such as 4, you know the meaning behind this symbol. It can represent four cars, four glasses of water, four boxes and so on.
When numbers can correspond to the number of specific things, parents can try to introduce more abstract concepts such as "day", "week" and "month", and combine numbers with these concepts to let children understand 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, 1 week, 1 month.
Digital sum calculation
The primary stage of mathematics enlightenment has nothing to do with calculation.
When children are very familiar with the corresponding relationship between numbers and quantities within 10 and points, they can gradually introduce the calculation within 5 and 10. In terms of "number and quantity" and "number and calculation", the order of enlightenment is: number sense comes first, calculation comes last. After teaching children to add and subtract within 10, Mommy Doudou began to strengthen children's "number sense" of numbers within 100, instead of teaching them to advance and retreat.
plane geometry
Doudou's enlightenment to plane geometry began with "point, line, surface and shape". Every time a concept is introduced, Doudou is asked to find something corresponding to 10 at home. For example, when it comes to "horizontal lines", look for places with horizontal lines at home10; Speaking of "round", look for 10 round things at home. This method can not only help children understand various geometric figures, but also improve their ability to observe things around them.
Tangram is not the best teaching aid when you first come into contact with various shapes. Those teaching AIDS with the same basic shape and size, at least 2-3 colors, are more suitable.
Using these small teaching AIDS, it is a good way for children to assemble at will or according to drawings. The key point of enlightenment at this stage is to be familiar with various shapes. The splitting and combination of graphics is the requirement of the next stage. It is suggested to use teaching AIDS with the same shape, large, medium and small, with at least 2-3 colors, so as to combine with the "classification, sequencing and regularity" in "object attributes, sequencing, regularity and others" on the other hand.
solid geometry
It is too early for children aged 2.5 -3.5 to know spheres, cubes and cylinders. The enlightenment of solid geometry at this stage is mainly to build more building blocks and Legos to exercise children's spatial imagination.
It is also good to play with magnetic disks in the conversion between solid geometry and plane geometry. But Mommy Doudou is more recommended: a three-dimensional projection game. Find a blank wall at home, prepare all kinds of three-dimensional building blocks (try to buy rich three-dimensional shapes when buying building blocks, which can be disassembled and combined better, and can be used as teaching AIDS directly), turn off the lights, and play projection games with children with flashlights. This game can be played repeatedly in the late stage of three-dimensional enlightenment, but the depth of content to be understood in each stage is different. For children around 3 years old, it is good to know that a three-dimensional figure can project a plane figure, which is not necessarily the same as a three-dimensional building block in your hand.
(Peifei thinking mathematics teaching aid)
The attributes, classifications, laws and others of objects.
This is a more comprehensive part. For children around the age of 3 who have just started mathematics enlightenment, this part can prepare the most content. In preparation, the most important thing is to understand the various attributes of the object. Parents can guide their children to know the things around them from the aspects of color, size, shape, quantity, length, width, height, fat, thickness, weight and even materials. Understanding the various attributes of things is the basis of classification, sequencing and regularity.
After children have enough experience in the attributes of things, they can be guided to "classify" things, through which the concept of "set" can be introduced. Simple one-dimensional ordering and laws can also be introduced at this stage. As for the way of practice, whether it is through physical operation or finding some exercises, I think it is ok. The key is to see which way children prefer and which is more suitable.
Mommy Doudou reminds: children must be slow in the initial stage of mathematics enlightenment, and don't be greedy for progress. Slow down, you will find that children will give you many surprises; If you are greedy for progress, most of the time you get frustration from both sides.