The relationship between Montessori family and Qin politics began in the period of Zhao Haoqi, King of Qin. Why did Meng Mi leave Qi for Qin? As far as Qi State is concerned, the bigger event is Meng Changjun Tian Wen's autocratic regime, which waged wars year after year, greatly weakening the national strength of Qi State. As Su Dai said, "When the south attacked Chu for five years, the livestock were scattered; The west has been trapped in Qin for three years, the people are haggard, and the scholars are against the sky; North and Yan, covering the three armies, won two generals; He went south with the rest of the soldiers, and joined the Song Dynasty, which had 5,000 times as many troops, and twelve waiting packages. ..... its people are exhausted ". In addition, due to the tyranny of Wang Shouchang and others, the class contradictions and internal contradictions of the ruling class in Qi were very sharp at that time. Various crises are deepening day by day. As far as Chyi Chin's relations are concerned, as two big countries before the Warring States Period, the two sides fought fiercely for the reunification of Lian Heng. In 298 BC, Qi joined forces with Wei and Han to attack Qin, forcing Qin to make peace. In 294 BC, Qi adopted the strategy of wishing Buddha, and appointed Lu Li, the fifth husband of Qin State, as the phase, "taking Qin deeply"; In 288 BC, Zhao Haoqi, king of Qin, claimed to be the Western Emperor and honored Qi Weiwang as the Eastern Emperor, in order to win over the State of Qi "about cutting Zhao", but Ji Shouchang immediately went to God and "went to Qin twice" according to the plan of the Su Qin League, and the war between the two countries continued. It was under the background of "putting evil out of the state of Qi and disharmony between the monarch and the minister" that Meng Qi left the state of Qi with his children and went to the state of Qin. After Meng Meng left the desperate state of Qi, he didn't go to Sanjin in the Central Plains, nor did he go to Beiyan in South Chu. But across the Central Plains to Qin, a big country in the west, which fully reflected his foresight. Among the Seven Heroes in the Warring States Period, two great powers, Chyi Chin, once confronted each other, which influenced the early history of the Warring States Period. However, during the reign of King Shou Chang, Qi gradually embarked on the road of decline. At the same time, Qin developed rapidly during the period of Qin and Zhao Haoqi, and the strategy of keeping the war of ploughing at home and attacking Korea, Zhao, Wei and Chu abroad initially laid the foundation for the victory of the unified war in the future. Mongolia's investment in Qin conformed to the historical development trend of Qin's complete reunification at that time, which had a turning point in the development history of the Montessori family.
From the 22nd year of Qin Zhao Haoqi to the 7th year of Qin Shihuang, he led his troops to war several times. According to Chronicle of Six Kingdoms and Biography of Meng Tian in Historical Records, in the 22nd year of Qin Dynasty, he led the troops to cut Qi, in the first year of King Zhuangxiang, he attacked Korea, Zhao and Wei in two years. In the first year of Huangdi, Jinyang Rebellion was put down, and Wei was attacked in the last three years. Influenced by Meng Bi, his son Wu Meng also became a military general of the Qin Dynasty. In the 23rd year of Qin Shihuang, he attacked Chu with generals Bi and Wang Jian and killed Chu general Xiang Yan. The next year, he led the troops to attack Chu and captured the king of Chu alive. After his father unified the country, Wu Meng's two sons, Meng Tian and Meng Yi, made outstanding contributions to the consolidation of Qin. Historical records? Biography of Meng Tian, in the 26th year of Qin Shihuang (22 BC1), participated in the extermination of Qi and served as a civil servant. When Qin unified the six countries, Xiongnu took the opportunity to go south and occupied Henan (now Ikke Zhao Meng area in Inner Mongolia), and Xinqin faced a serious threat from Xiongnu. In 32 years, Meng Tian was ordered to lead 300,000 troops to attack the Xiongnu in the north, recover Henan in the following year, repel the Xiongnu for more than 700 miles, and station troops in the county (now southeast of Yulin, Shaanxi). Meng Tian learned from the experience of defending against dangerous situations during the Warring States Period, and built a fortress from Yuzhong (now Gansu) along the Yellow River to Yinshan, connecting the old Great Wall of Yan, Zhao and Qin, with a length of more than 5,000 miles, starting from Jiuyuan (now northwest of Baotou, Inner Mongolia) in the north and Yunyang (now northwest of Chunhua, Shaanxi) in the south, which constituted a long line of defense in northern Qin. Huns were scared by Meng Tian's military strength to invade.
Meng Tian not only risked his life for the Qin unification war, but also was ordered to drive the Xiongnu north, even the Great Wall, and stationed in Shang Jun for more than ten years after reunification, which was of great significance to consolidating Qin's rule. Therefore, Meng Tian should play an important role. Because the Montessori family made great contributions to Qin and won the respect and trust of Qin Shihuang, Meng Tian's younger brother Meng Yi was also reused by Qin Shihuang. "When you are supreme, you will ride and the people will command", and you will always be with the first emperor. The Montessori family became the most prominent family after Qin Shihuang unified the whole country.
Second, the tragic ending of Montessori family.
In the winter of the thirty-seventh year of the first emperor, Qin Shihuang fell ill while patrolling Huiji Mountain, and sent Meng Yi around him to worship the mountain for blessing. In July, Qin Shihuang died in a sand dune. Because Qin Shihuang had never established a prince before his death, Zhao Gao, who was traveling with Qin Shihuang, colluded with Hu Hai, the youngest son of Qin Shihuang, wooed his late master, Reese, secretly planned a plot to usurp the throne, ordered Fu Su, the eldest son of Qin Shihuang, to commit suicide and imprisoned Montaigne and Mengfu brothers. As a result, Hu Hai finally ascended the throne after collusion from top to bottom, and was called Emperor II. Finally, the Montessori brothers died and the Montessori family went into decline.
On the surface, the misfortune of the Montessori brothers is caused by the contradiction between Zhao Gao and the Montessori brothers. Zhao Gao once committed a great crime, and Meng Qian was ordered to enforce the law fairly, but later Qin Shihuang changed his mind. "Gao is also helpful, forgive him and restore his official position." So Zhao Gao was disgusted with Montessori. So when Qin Shihuang died, Zhao Gao urged Hu Hai to imprison Meng Tian in Yangzhou and Meng Ke in his place. Then, "the old night destroyed Montessori and begged him to atone and give him a young one." Finally, Meng Yi and Meng Tian were forced to commit suicide. However, the problem is not so simple. Although Zhao Gao played a very bad role in persecuting the Montessori brothers, the key to the tragic ending of the Montessori brothers was that they were involved in the struggle between Fu Su, the eldest son of Qin Shihuang, and Hu Hai, the youngest son, and became sacrifices of the royal family. Fu Su was "resolute, brave, trusting and brave", but because he often gave advice to Qin Shihuang, he was dissatisfied with Qin Shihuang, so the first emperor drove him out of the capital and went to other places to work as an army supervisor, which happened to be in Meng Tian. Qin Shihuang gave Fu Su to Meng Tian, which showed his respect and trust for Meng Tian to a certain extent, but it also decided the tragic fate of Meng Tian, because Meng Tian and Fu Su formed an unusual relationship. If Hu Hai wants to be emperor, he must get rid of Fu Su, and if he wants to get rid of Fu Su, he must get rid of Meng Tian. Although Hu Hai was a young son, he was able to stay with Zhao Gao because of Qin Shihuang's favor. Although Hu Hai had some doubts about Zhao Gao's dune plot at first, he could not resist the temptation of the throne after Zhao Gao's lobbying, and Zhao Gao also tried to gain more power through Hu Hai. He once said: "Fang's power today hangs in Hu Hai, and it is made of high energy."
In this way, the contradiction between the Montessori brothers and Zhao Gao is intertwined with the contradiction between Fu Su and Hu Hai. Therefore, after the death of Qin Shihuang, Zhao Gao and Hu Hai tampered with the imperial edict, changing the imperial edict given to Fu Su by the first emperor to "serve as a soldier in Meng Tian and be buried in Xianyang" into an accusation against Fu Su and Meng Tian, and finally wrote: "Fu Su is an unfilial son, so he gave himself a sword. General Meng Tian, who lived alone with Fu Su, should know his plan. If the minister is unfaithful, he will die. If you follow the soldiers, you will leave the king. " Fu Su believed the false imperial edict and committed suicide without further confirmation from Meng Tian. Meng Tian refused and was imprisoned by the herald. Then, Zhao Gao said to Hu Hai, "I heard that the late emperor wanted to appoint a prince long ago, but he said' no'. Knowing the sage is sincere in blessing, but confusing the Lord is disloyal. If I am stupid, I won't punish it. " So Hu Hai ordered Meng Ke to be imprisoned. After Hu Hai acceded to the throne, according to Zhao's intention, he sent envoys to kill Mencius and Montaigne. Therefore, the tragic fate of the Montessori brothers is closely related to the struggle between Fuxi and Hu Hai for the heir to the throne after the death of Qin Shihuang.
Thirdly, the decline of Montessori family is also an important reason for the decline of Qin Dynasty.
The rise of Qin and the unification of the six countries have absorbed many outstanding talents from other countries and benefited a lot. However, it is precisely because of the complicated sources of officials that the ruling class is easy to form small groups, which will lead to contradictions and eventually lead to division. After Hu Hai came to power, the Montessori brothers suffered misfortune, and some imperial clan ministers even "countless people sat next to each other" and "everyone feared for himself". As for Hu Hai's brothers and sisters, they were also removed by Hu Hai, or killed or forced to commit suicide, which made the imperial clan tremble with fear. However, the tragedy did not end there. Then, Zhao Gao instigated Hu Hai to punish Zuo Lisi, and in the winter of two years in Qin Ershi, he "halved Xianyang" and reduced the three families. Affected by this, right vertical Feng Qujia and general Feng Jie were also forced to commit suicide. The following year, Zhao Gao, his son-in-law Yan Le and his younger brother Zhao Cheng conspired to launch a mutiny, forcing Hu Hai to commit suicide, while Zi Ying, the king of Qin supported by Zhao Gao, designed to assassinate Zhao Gao and killed his three families. At this point, Liu Bang's army has approached Xianyang. Finally, Zi Ying, the king of Qin for forty-six days, surrendered to Liu Bang, and the Qin Dynasty perished. The intensification of social contradictions at the end of Qin dynasty eventually led to the war against Qin dynasty, which was the fundamental reason for the demise of Qin dynasty. However, after the death of Qin Shihuang, the ruling clique split and killed each other, especially the tyrannical Hu Hai and the insidious Zhao Gao gang seized power and ran amok, which further aggravated various contradictions. This is also an important factor in the rapid demise of the Qin Dynasty, which began with the death of Meng Tian brothers. As Meng Tian said, "Since my ancestors and descendants, I have established trust in Qin Sanshi. Today, I will have more than 300,000 soldiers. Although I am a prisoner, I have enough potential. Those who know how to die and defend their righteousness dare not teach their ancestors, so as not to forget their ancestors. " The Montessori family was loyal to the Qin royal family and made outstanding contributions, but died unfortunately in the end. The decline of Montessori family was the beginning of the decline of Qin Dynasty. A family tragedy implies the cause of the demise of a dynasty, and the lesson is very profound.