First, the characteristics and significance of English nursery rhymes:
English children's songs are deeply loved by children because of their rich and vivid content, simple language and bright rhythm. It conforms to children's physiological ability and psychological characteristics, and makes them recite fluently. It is an English literature that lives on children's lips.
First, the language is simple. Childhood is a critical period for language learning. At this time, children have simple English sentences, simple grammatical structure and poor vocabulary. Simple English nursery rhymes combine correct grammar, vocabulary and children's oral English to form a beautiful and standardized children's oral English, which is suitable for children's language development level and can be understood and accepted by children. The vocabulary used in English nursery rhymes is mainly nouns, (animals, plants, vehicles, etc. ) and adjectives (color, size, etc. These words concretely reflect things and their attributes and conform to children's thinking characteristics.
Secondly, the image is tangible. The language of English nursery rhymes places special emphasis on images, depicting people and things with a sense of form, color and action in a particularly prominent way. When children recite nursery rhymes, they see people, smell their voices and touch their things. For example, the children's song Old McDonald's: Old McDonald's has a farm. Yi Yi Ya, there are some chickens on this farm, Yi Yi Ya, and chickens, chickens, here, chickens, there. Chicken here, chicken there, every chicken chicken ~ ~ ~. Among them, the extensive use of sound words such as eieo, bow, meow and mov not only makes children feel like they are in a farm, but also stimulates their hearing and causes them to pay attention to, imagine and understand things. Stimulated their interest in learning.
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The use of personification in English nursery rhymes increases the vividness of nursery rhymes and accords with children's aesthetic psychology. Such as the children's song "Little teapot: I am a little teapot". Short and shouting. This is my handle. This is my position. When I'm angry. Listen to me shout. Turn me over. Pity me. Children's songs compare themselves to teapots in the first person, which makes them feel very kind and interesting.
Third, the phonology is harmonious and natural. English nursery rhymes are melodious and harmonious, with bright and cheerful rhythm. Repeated use of vocabulary can not only make children feel happy, but also stimulate their learning mood.
Fourth, full of action. Children's thinking in early childhood is mainly concrete thinking in images, which has the characteristics of intuitive thinking and action thinking. Therefore, English nursery rhymes are very action-oriented, and children can follow the content and rhythm. Reciting while performing not only stimulates their interest in learning nursery rhymes, but also increases their understanding of nursery rhymes, such as Up Stand Up. Sit down. Hands up. Put your hands down. Put them down. Lift your feet. Put your feet down. Bright rhythm and dynamic language. Various activities of the body and limbs not only make children interested in reading, but also increase the interest of activities.
Second, the types of English nursery rhymes:
1, game song.
Game songs are children's songs that cooperate with game activities. They sing along with the children's game movements, which makes the activities more interesting and enjoyable. Such as children's songs: one. Two. Three: one, two, three-clap your hands. One, two, three-clap your hands. One, two, three-clap, clap, clap. One, two, three-stamps. Poke. Poke. One, two, three-Quiet. One, two, three-Quiet. One, two, three-shh, shh, shh. Children do body movements while reciting children's songs. This not only enriches the content of the game, improves children's interest in the game, but also promotes children's understanding of children's songs in play.
2. Count the songs.
Counting songs combine the initial concept of numbers with tangible images, which can not only stimulate children's interest in learning, but also initially cultivate children's concept of counting. As a children's song: a little bear, go, go. Two bears, run, run. Three bears, jump, jump. Four little bears, sleeping in the bed. This nursery rhyme is not only a list of qualified children's understanding of English numbers, but also a basic number sequence.
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3, question and answer songs.
Its characteristic is to express the content in the form of question and answer. As a children's song: "Who stole the cookies": "Who stole the cookies in the cookie jar?" "-stealing cookies from the cookie jar" "Who and me?" "Yes, you." "Can't I?" "Who's that?" Children's songs can be answered continuously, with lively forms and simple sentences.
Of course, with the changes of the times, the content and form of English children's songs are constantly enriched and changing.
Third, the teaching methods of English nursery rhymes:
In the teaching of English children's songs, teachers create conditions and opportunities for children to learn English and develop their listening and speaking ability in the process of interaction with people, events, environment and materials.
1, total body response
Total physical reaction, abbreviated as TPR. It refers to the process of children learning their mother tongue, just like children learning their mother tongue, learning a second language through body movements, emphasizing the coordination between children's body movements and the language they have learned. It was founded by James Asher, a professor of psychology at California State University. Asher pointed out that according to the "law of understanding before opening" in children's language learning, "listening-doing" is the most obvious feature of the total body response. Secondly, there is no strict requirement for voice output. Third, it has the nature of a game. Therefore, it can reduce children's learning burden, stimulate children's desire to learn, cultivate children's happy learning mood and improve learning efficiency. The whole-body teaching method accords with children's lively and active characteristics, which greatly stimulates children's interest in learning English. For example, before the activity begins, organize children to carry out a series of "running! Jump! Go! Fly! " TPR activities not only make children play interesting sports games, but also improve their interest in learning English. For example, in activities, children are not interested in activities, and teachers can insert some TPR in time, which can also attract children's attention and continuously stimulate their interest in English.
The language of complete body response is mainly imperative sentences, such as "put your hand up" and "roll the ball." "Throw the ball." "catch the ball." And so on. The teacher gave the order, and the children made a series of corresponding actions according to the order: "rolling the ball, patting the ball, throwing the ball" and so on. Therefore, those imperative sentences in English nursery rhymes teaching can be learned through "TPR". Such as the English children's song "One, Two, Three, Play"
"The ball is by my side": "One, two, three. Play ball with me. Four, five, six, pick up the stick. Seven, eight, nine, line up, eleven, twelve go fishing. " I prepared a ball, a crutch and a fishing rod for the children to play the game of "I say you can do it" first. I gave the order, and the children did the corresponding actions: patting the ball, picking up sticks, etc. In these interesting TPR activities, children not only understand the content of children's songs, but also cultivate their happy learning mood and greatly stimulate their interest in learning English.
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2, the game method
Interest is a basic emotional state, which is at the deepest level of motivation and can drive people to act. American personality psychologist G.W.Hllport believes that human beings have an autonomous function, that is, interest, and children's reactions are driven by this intrinsic motivation. Therefore, in order to stimulate children's interest in English nursery rhymes teaching and effectively carry out English nursery rhymes teaching, we put teaching in games, so that children can learn actively with interest in a relaxed and free atmosphere.
First, create a game scene. Because children are interested in situations, understand them quickly and remember them firmly, they should use all available resources around them to carry out activities. For example, in our kindergarten, colorful flowers are planted in the square flower bed, and beautiful butterflies are flying among the flowers, just like a beautiful park. When teaching English children's song Butterfly, I use this natural resource around me to carry out activities. Butterflies: butterflies, butterflies, butterflies fly. Butterfly, butterfly has fallen. Butterflies, butterflies, butterflies fly everywhere. Children observe how butterflies fly, flying up, flying down and stopping on flowers. In the process of learning nursery rhymes, children learn how butterflies fly among flowers while singing. They are interested in singing and dancing.
Natural scenery can not only make children immersive, but also increase their interest in learning. Moreover, through the interaction with the environment, they also learned to transfer their experience and create their own children's songs. Bees, bees, bees fly. Bees, bees, bees have fallen. Bees, bees, bees fly everywhere.
Secondly, role-playing. Teachers create simulated scenes, and children play the roles in children's songs, and understand and express what they have learned through expressions and actions, such as children's songs: one by one, dogs run. 222, the cat saw you. Three, three, three, there are birds in the tree. Four four, there are mice on the floor. During the game, children wear small animal headdresses and play different small animals according to the content of children's songs. Children not only learn English, but also enjoy their imitation.
3. Method of operation
Operation refers to guiding children to use various sensory organs to participate in activities. For example, touch with your hands, listen with your ears, see with your eyes, taste with your mouth and so on. Let children learn English nursery rhymes while watching, playing and tasting. In English teaching, teachers can provide children with various stimuli to guide them to fully mobilize their senses and perceive and understand from different angles and directions. Such as children's songs: I love a duckling, duckling, duckling, duckling! Quack, quack, quack .. Duckling, duckling, duckling! Swim, swim, swim. Duck, duck, duck! I love you. When the children were learning this nursery rhyme, I provided them with lifelike plush ducks, let them observe the appearance and color of the ducks, talk about their skills, hug the ducks, draw and color them, and finally send the ducks they drew to the river for them to learn their skills. Children gain English learning experience through comprehensive activities of speaking, doing and thinking.
In short, the teaching of English nursery rhymes in kindergartens should first be intuitive teaching, leading by listening and speaking, and leading by action; Secondly, experience teaching, let children play middle school and experience the fun, taste and affinity of English learning; Finally, psychological teaching allows children to play and learn in games they are interested in.
Fourthly, the practical reflection on English nursery rhymes teaching;
1, follow the learning rules: English nursery rhymes teaching in kindergartens should follow the general rules for children to learn their mother tongue, and combine the psychological characteristics and life characteristics of children to teach, first listen, then speak, then listen more, and then understand.
2. Suitability of content: Children's songs with rich and vivid content, simple language, lively rhythm and harmonious rhyme should be selected according to children's physiological and psychological characteristics.
3. Normality of language: Children acquire language through imitation, so teachers should pay special attention to the standardization of language demonstration, and the language provided to children must be correct, clear and natural.
4. Fun of activities: Lively and diverse learning forms and learning content close to children's lives are effective ways to ensure the fun and fun of activities.
5. Pay attention to the creation and utilization of environment: First, create a cognitive environment for children, such as creating a bilingual corner in the activity room, playing English children's songs in time, and selecting English CDs. Secondly, we should create an listening and speaking environment for children to read and speak. Thirdly, teachers consciously create some lively, popular, short and catchy English nursery rhymes with children, so that children can practice and use them freely in communication and activities.