But parents are also worried about this new thing before the children really get in touch with it. Does it really have multiple functions as the early education institutions say? Could it be just a gimmick?
In fact, parents' worries are understandable. After all, the previous understanding of this concept was blank.
The origin and concept of 0 1 black and white card In 1980s, researchers began to pay attention to the visual function of infants. They found that the baby's color recognition ability is not innate, but gradually improved in the process of growth.
Moreover, red, orange, yellow, green, blue, purple and other colors are not enough to make the newborn's retinal structure feel. On the contrary, strong black and white contrast colors are more likely to attract the baby's attention.
On the basis of this cognition, ophthalmologists will show them a gray card with spatial frequency grating target when checking the baby's vision, so as to screen whether the baby has vision problems.
The "grey card" here is almost the predecessor of the black and white card.
Black and white cards are also called baby stimulus cards. Since its appearance, all kinds of baby toys have begun to introduce the concept of black and white contrast. 10 years later, with the deepening of research, the functions and usage of black and white cards have gradually developed.
What effect does black and white card have on baby's growth? 1) Cultivate color vision and promote visual development.
Just like the research mentioned above, the world in the eyes of newborns is black and white, and they can only see things within 20~30 cm in front of them.
The following is the change of the world in the eyes of the baby from birth to one year old.
0~ 1 year-old infant's visual development law;
0~ 1 month: particularly sensitive to strong light, because the pupil is very small, so the transmitted light is limited. A few weeks after birth, with the development of retina and pupil, we can begin to focus on the image in front of us. 2~4 months: At this stage, the baby's eyes can start tracking moving objects and have hand-eye coordination ability. When the eyes see the small pendant hanging on the crib, they will reach out for it out of curiosity. However, due to the poor coordination ability of eyes and the poor muscle development for regulating eye movements, some babies will look a little "cross-eyed" or their eyes will face outward.
Under normal circumstances, this phenomenon will gradually disappear with the increase of age, but if the frequency is too high, it will be more reassuring to go to the hospital for examination.
5~8 months: the baby begins to realize that the world is three-dimensional, and the depth perception develops well. At this time, the baby began to have a keen sense of various colors. Although not as sensitive as adults, most colors can be recognized. 9~ 12 months: 10 months, the baby's depth perception will get a qualitative leap, start to approach adults, and can judge the distance. It can be said that the baby's vision at this stage is not much different from that of adults. The above-mentioned visual development process can be divided into four key periods, namely, black-and-white visual period, black-and-white color supervision period, color visual period and stereoscopic visual period.
If in the critical period of black-and-white vision, parents can exercise their ability to follow and stare through some patterns with obvious outlines and strong color contrast, it will get twice the result with half the effort.
Especially the cow's eye pattern, because it is very similar to the mother's breasts, it will give the baby a great sense of security.
2) Promote brain development
The weight of human brain is about 370 grams at birth, which increases by 1 times six months after birth and reaches three times at the age of two.
Although the nerve cells are basically in place when the baby is born, they are still small buds and need to grow into "big trees" through development.
At birth, there are very few connections between nerve cells, and they need hundreds of millions of network connections to carry out their activities in an orderly manner, which is the basis of intellectual development and development.
So, what does this have to do with the baby's visual development?
Scientific research has proved that the brain relies on the five senses to collect information, and more than 90% of this information comes from vision.
It can be said that as long as parents let their baby's visual function develop perfectly, they can promote the development of other abilities.
For example, when a baby is born, it is necessary to see his mother's face first, so as to distinguish the mouth shape, and then connect it with the voice he hears, which can be described as a whole.
To sum up, the benefits of black and white cards can be roughly divided into the following points:
Promote the development of color vision and vision; Cultivate the baby's ability to focus and perceive the outline of the object with both eyes; Improve concentration, observation and discrimination; Familiarize the baby with simple patterns and lay the foundation for early education. Do you want to show the baby a black and white card? It must be admitted that black and white cards have a strong stimulating effect on the baby's visual development, but there is something better than it, that is, the parents' faces.
In fact, the structure of the face is the most attractive to the baby, and there is also a great color contrast.
Even newborns within 3 months can respond to the familiar faces of their parents.
Therefore, although the role of black and white cards exists, parents still need to pay more attention to their children's faces and interact with them in daily life.
But if there are black and white cards at home, it is actually a problem that complements each other.
How to make rational use of black and white cards? 1) Cooperate with parent-child interaction
Black and white cards are actually equivalent to "1 book" that babies read. As mentioned above, parents' faces can attract children's attention more than black and white cards.
Therefore, we need to integrate these two methods to promote the development of baby's vision and color vision, and also to enhance parent-child relationship.
This is the same as all early education concepts. Babies aged 0-3 have the strongest learning ability, but the best teachers are not outside the institution, but parents.
2) Follow the baby's visual development law.
When the baby is young, I suggest you choose black and white cards with geometric shapes, especially those with more squares. The more squares there are, the higher the spatial frequency exists in the card, and the stronger the stimulation to the visual nerve after reading, the more the visual consciousness can be stimulated.
After that, as the baby's cognition is gradually strengthened, parents can add some familiar things such as bottles, feet, small hands and so on. These are very novel, close to life, and more easily noticed by the baby.
With the growth of months, it is necessary to broaden the baby's horizons and add some black and white cards of fruits, vegetables and animals to let the baby have a preliminary perception of the outside world.
Zebra is recommended to everyone, especially the outline and details.
After the baby can recognize colors and have depth perception, parents can also choose colored Rubik's cube or polyhedral sphere patterns to further enhance his sensitivity to colors and three-dimensional thinking.
05 Precautions when showing the baby a black-and-white card 1) Choose the time when the baby is in good condition.
Since watching black and white cards is also training, it must be done when the baby is in good condition.
For example, after eating or waking up and taking a shower, because the baby's mood is more positive and stable, it will take longer to concentrate on these modes.
Of course, before and after training, parents can give their baby a sense of security and improve their mood by kissing and hugging.
If the state becomes worse during the process, stop training immediately and comfort the baby in time.
2) Use it again after one month.
The baby's vision in the second month is very blurred, and it will gradually become clear after 1 month, so using a black and white card in the second month will not have obvious effect.
When the baby is over 1 month, put the black and white card in front of him and let him see it. You can exercise your baby's visual tracking ability by moving from far to near and left and right.
3) Choose a place with good light.
When training the baby, parents should find a place where the light is not too strong or too dark, otherwise the baby can't see the picture clearly, which will affect the role of the black and white card.
Finally, don't forget to interact with the baby when training! After all, nothing can replace the real, face-to-face companionship of parents. All early education tools are based on this and serve the baby.