Different aspects: The author of "Yueyang Tower" advocates "don't be happy with things, don't be sad for yourself", so as to comfort Teng and encourage himself, and directly express his lofty spiritual realm and open feelings. Zuiweng Pavilion contains some depressed feelings of sending love to mountains and rivers and exile.
-Comparison and appreciation of Zuiweng Pavilion and Yueyang Tower.
In A.D. 1045 (the fifth year of Li Qing), Fan Zhongyan, the deputy prime minister of the Northern Song Dynasty, was demoted to Dengzhou (now Dengxian County, Henan Province) on trumped-up charges such as "cronyism" because he advocated political reform and touched the fundamental interests of the conservatives in the DPRK. In the same year, Ouyang Xiu wrote a letter for Fan Bian, which was also attacked by traitors. He was transferred from Hebei to Chuzhou. The pavilion of the drunken man (hereinafter referred to as the pavilion) is a touching chapter written by Ouyang Xiuzhi after many years in Chu. 1406, Fan Zhongyan was demoted to Tengzijing as Yuezhou. Referring to the late autumn map of Dongting, he created a well-known masterpiece "The Story of Yueyang Tower" (hereinafter referred to as "The Story of the Building"). Both of them were born in poverty and lost their fathers when they were young. They are all comrades-in-arms in the Northern Song Dynasty's innovation movement and the Qingli New Deal, and their works "Pavilion" and "Building" are the double treasures of landscape prose in the Northern Song Dynasty. Appreciate the two articles "Pavilion" and "Building", and compete to reflect: on the one hand, there are beautiful Langya scenery, watercolor-like, beautiful mountains; On the one hand, there are magnificent Dongting waves, like oil painting, the water is beautiful and magnificent.
1, pavilions and buildings are both derived from the progressive tradition of Confucianism, which is "people are the foundation of the country", with high elegance and high quality. The pavilion reveals the open-minded feelings of enjoying oneself and forgetting myself, while the building advocates the sentiment cultivation of "forgetting too much" without enjoying oneself and worrying about oneself.
The title of the pavilion is the first paragraph "The meaning of drunkenness is not in wine, but in mountains and rivers". Ouyang is not more than 39 years old at this time, but he has repeatedly called himself "Weng", which is both empty and true, and he is also awake from his dream. He lamented that the country was weak and the people were poor, and devoted his life to loyalty and wisdom, only to be slandered for loyalty and righteousness. Therefore, he was "white-haired" before he was old, and his psychological age greatly exceeded his physiological age. Facing the "beautiful" forest valley, he was in a small pavilion "flying over the spring", breathing the breath of mountains and rivers and fields, and melting into the realm of Chu people's travel. He could not help but temporarily forget his personal experience of innocence and being degraded and immerse himself in music. An alcoholic's drunkenness is drunkenness, not alcoholism. Ouyang's capacity for liquor is very small, so "drinking less and getting drunk" may be related to his love for the people. He witnessed the farmers hand over their own glutinous rice to the government for brewing. The smell of wine was overflowing at the door of the gentry's house, but the farmers bought bad food to satisfy their hunger, so they felt guilty and sighed deeply: "I drink and eat bad food. Although I am not responsible, I am responsible for running away. " (Eat Bad People). His eyes were on the people, and he followed the people in the drunken pavilion. No wonder he vividly described people traveling in Chu before the satrap got drunk. Mountain music, everyone is happy, and the satrap is happy. He has governed Chu for many years, and in his letter to Mei, he said: "A small country is a government, and it has been successful for a long time." . He also said in Fengle Pavilion: "Fortunately, his folk music is rich in his age and he enjoys traveling."
When discussing poetry, Mei and Ouyang Xiu said that the beautiful scene of creation is: "The scenery that is difficult to write is like the eyes, and there are endless opinions" ("Poems on June 1"). The word "music" contains Ouyang Xiu's "moral", which means: having fun with the people. Of course, there was no peach blossom garden in feudal society, but Ouyang Xiu's ideal of life, forgetting personal frustrations and pursuing happiness with the people should be beyond reproach. If we compare this idea to a beautiful and colorful elm tree, then those corrupt officials who suck the marrow are obscene foxtails.
Ouyang Xiu wrote a letter to Renzong for Fan Zhongyan, praising Fan as "the most virtuous man in the world". He defended the northwest and resisted Xixia. Even the enemy said that he "has millions of armored soldiers in his chest." "Ran Yan has not returned to his hometown" and "The general is white-haired and in tears" are the true portrayal of his military career. Now he is wandering in Yueyang Tower, the mountains and rivers close their eyes, and every family is sad and happy. "Lou" focuses on "the poet who touched the guests". First, it affirmed Teng's political achievements after he was demoted to Baling, and then led us to two diametrically opposite lakes and waters, sometimes making us extremely sad, and sometimes making us "overjoyed", bending our horses and bows, ready to go. Just as we were touching the scene and feeling sad and happy, the pen suddenly turned around, taking the ancient benevolent as an example, turning over for us from the pros and cons of the material environment and personal gains and losses, let us break away from the lock of fame and fortune, "don't be happy with things, don't be sad for ourselves", enter the spiritual realm of selflessness, and then lead to the finishing touch with questions: "Worry about the world first, then enjoy the world." Architecture has inspired people to take the world as their responsibility for thousands of years.
2. Pavilions and pavilions are marked with the bright red brand of the Northern Song Dynasty poets' innovation movement, and parallel prose is combined with fresh language. "Pavilion" represents mountains and rivers, is good at it and has a wonderful sense of music, while "Building" is honest and thoughtful, and wins with profound philosophical beauty.
"Pavilion" is characterized by "music", which turns parallel prose into prose with cadence and presents beautiful rhythm and harmonious melody. Starting with a flat tone "sound", the keynote is rhyme, the syllable "drunk" is repeated six times, and the syllable "music" is repeated ten times, especially the practice of repeating the syllable "night" 2 1 time in 403 words is novel and unique. These twenty-one "yes" are all auxiliary words (equivalent to the interlining in the song), indicating many judgments, such as "the Chuhe River is also a mountain", which is clean and neat; Most of the expressions are to explain the mood, such as "the joy of mountains and rivers, the wine of the heart" and "drunken coke, who can wake up with words, is too defensive" The "Ye" here gives people a sudden and meaningful taste. These twenty-one "yes" are full of dripping joy, full of melancholy and mellow taste, melodious and tactfully, in one go. Ouyang Xiu is proficient in temperament. It is said that singers at that time could sing beautiful songs in a hurry by picking up their own words without preparation. Reading the Pavilion, we can unconsciously feel swaying, like a clear spring, gurgling into our hearts from Langya Mountain.
Lou is full of four compound sentence sentences, mostly in the second, third and fourth paragraphs, and the first, fifth and sixth paragraphs are all loose sentences. Compound sentence is parallel and dual, neat and symmetrical, with sonorous tone, gorgeous words and beautiful symmetry. Loose sentences are free and unconstrained, long or short, simple or unpretentious, or narrative or sigh or ask questions, just like nature itself. But whether it is symmetrical beauty or natural beauty, the purpose is not to admire the haze, but to serve the expression of emotions. Liang Shiqiu said: "All prose is translation, translating our thoughts and emotional imagination into words" (On Prose). Lou is such a typical "translated text". Fan's thinking on political history and life reality is shaped by pen and ink. What should I be sad about? What should I be happy about? Why worry? Why are you happy? The fifth paragraph is straightforward and reveals extraordinary personal understanding. Due to the corruption in the Northern Song Dynasty, the sense of national hardship was strengthened in Lou. The word "worry" appears repeatedly for 7 times in the article, which gradually inspires readers to worry about the country and the people in the ups and downs of emotional waves. At the end of the article, the rhetorical question "Wes, who are we going home" is even more thought-provoking. The philosophy is incisive, but it avoids empty preaching ── that's why after we concentrate on reading the article "Building", we collect books and meditate, as if there is a noble spirit transpiration from the bottom of our hearts, which purifies our souls and sublimates our thoughts.
3. "Pavilion" and "Building" are also good at grasping the characteristics of scenery and capturing the personality of scenery. "Pavilion" describes the scenery with a coherent picture combination method, while "Building" uses a symbolic picture combination method of superposition and contrast.
Pavilion describes the four seasons with wild flowers in spring, shade in summer, wind and frost in autumn and dry spring in winter as the goal. Write wild flowers, let us smell "fragrance"; Write down countless shades, let us touch coolness ── "Jia Mu" mainly refers to the unique Langya elm, which is tall and vigorous and rooted in stones. Write wind and frost, one "high" and two "clean"; Depicting the dried-up spring water erases the murmur of running water, but highlights the stones at the bottom of the river. Spring, summer, autumn and winter, the time sequence is orderly, concrete analysis. Write "Journey of the Chu People": "The loser sings on the way, and the walker rests on the tree. The former calls and the latter should respond ",which is the middle scene; Bow your head and support-the white-haired hunchbacked old man is leaning on a crutch, the innocent child is jumping in the adult's hand, and the baby is nursing in the mother's arms-this is a close-up released by Zhongjing; "endless communication" is pulled into the panorama. Isn't this a documentary about the scenery that men, women and children like to visit Langya Mountain?
The "building" in the article is not a real scene, but an imaginary fantasy and image in the late autumn picture of Dongting, so a distinctive visual image and auditory image are created with symbolic stacked pictures. First of all, the author used thick pen and ink to render the gloomy Dongting Lake. Continuous torrential rain, howling evil wind, empty turbid waves, destruction during the day, and hearing "tigers howling and apes crying" on the Wuxia gorge at night show that it is desolate and empty; As a result, the bright and quiet "relaxed and happy" in Dongting Lake area is highlighted: skylight, clear water, Sha Ou, Jinlin, Lan Zhi, Hao Yue, magic pen and fishing songs. During the day, the sky is full of vitality, the water is extremely beautiful, the shore is colorful and fragrant; At night, the light floating on the water is like broken gold, the moon sinking on the water is like jade, and the songs flying on the water are one after another, brilliant and beaming. Fan connected these two sets of scenery with different colors and strong contrast, which produced a sense of strangeness, caused a huge gap between audio and video, and formed a strong emotional impact.
In a word, the mountains and lakes are all dyed, and pavilions lead the way. The story of Fan Zhongyan and Yueyang Tower (989- 1052) was written by Wen Xi, who was born in Wuxian, Suzhou (now Wuxian, Jiangsu), a politician and writer in the Northern Song Dynasty. He was born in poverty and lost his father in his childhood, and he felt deeply about the sufferings of the lower classes. Song Renzong Tiansheng (1023- 103 1) was appointed as Xixi Salt Officer, and it was suggested to build Hangou weir in Taizhou. Baoyuan served as the deputy envoy of Shaanxi appeasement in the third year (1040), strengthened the defense against Xixia, made meritorious military service repeatedly, and celebrated for three years (. Ten reform measures were put forward. Including the restrictions on "grace" (officials meet Qing, civil servants are in Beijing for more than four years, and Wu Zhi's second and first sons send imperial academy to study for three years, and they will be hired after the expiration. ) to be an official, select effective personnel, strictly implement government decrees, etc. And advocate the construction of water conservancy. Due to the opposition of conservatives, Dengzhou was demoted in the fifth year of Qing Dynasty (1045) (that is, dengzhou city, now under the jurisdiction of Nanyang City, Henan Province). At this time, Teng rebuilt Yueyang Tower and wanted to ask Fan Zhongyan to write a note, but Fan Zhongyan was an official in Dengzhou and could not go to Yuezhou in person, so Teng sent a picture of Yueyang Tower to Fan Zhongyan, and Fan drew it according to it. Interesting, isn't it? I didn't expect Fan Zhongyan to be an expert in drawing and composition! How are your painting and writing skills? Just grasp the essence, stick to the main idea, don't moan, write my mouth sincerely, and write an article like killing a dog's ear! Later, I also worked as a satrap in Hangzhou and a satrap in Qingzhou. Later, he died on the way to Yingzhou, and he died after death. This is Fan Wenzheng's public collection. His most influential work is The Story of Yueyang Tower.
The title of this article is "The Story of Yueyang Tower", which is naturally about the scenery of Yueyang Tower, but the author's original intention is to make use of the topic to talk about his due political ambitions and make friends with it. In order to integrate these two aspects, the author uses lyric elements to divide them. The feeling of sadness and joy when the "migrant poet" climbed the building, and finally compared this feeling with the "heart of benevolence", which led to discussion and explained the intention of taking notes.
This thought is reflected in the style of the article, which is a natural combination of narration, scenery description, lyricism and discussion. Let's go
Fan Zhongyan's The Story of Yueyang Tower and Ouyang Xiu's The Preface to Drunk Pavilion are both works of angry youths who were demoted for advocating the reform of political discipline. They are both famous prose works that express the theme of saving the world and the people despite being demoted. Although the themes of these two masterpieces are similar, they are quite different in terms of structural skills, expressive techniques and language use.
Different structural skills. These two masterpieces are not long, about 400 words, but they contain such profound thoughts, which shows the superb structural skills. The author skillfully combines the brief notes at the beginning, the vivid scenery in the middle and the incisive reasoning at the end, thus making the context structure rigorous but not rigid, clear and turbulent. Moreover, the style of writing is changeable, and the winding path is secluded and fascinating. Sometimes you have to describe it to your heart's content, but you come to an abrupt end and find another way. Sometimes it seems that the meaning of the text has been exhausted, but it has turned a corner. What is written in an eloquent way is not the gist, nor is it idle writing. Seemingly correct, but denied. The story of the drunken pavilion is a complete story with the word "music", which is interlocking and ingenious. The beginning is written with a long lens. After pointing out Zuiweng Pavilion, the author drew the joy of mountains and rivers from its name, and skillfully used care and bedding. Excellent articles, drunken words are hidden or present, linking the past and the future; The word "music" is bright and dark, and the word "music" comes before and after. In short, the whole article is joyful and intoxicating, forming a rigorous and complete artistic framework.
Different from Yueyang Tower, the way of expression is to explain the author's progressive thought and great political reward of "not being happy with things, not being sad for himself", worrying about the world first, and enjoying the world later. It adopts the method of combining narration, lyricism and discussion, expressing emotion with scenes and blending scenes. Zuiwengting Ji describes the natural fusion of lyricism in a narrative way, expressing the love for mountains and rivers and the enjoyment of the people, so as to dispel his depressed and complicated thoughts and feelings. The same is the sentiment in the scenery, but there is a difference in writing about the scenery. The story of Yueyang Tower expresses the different feelings of the emigrant poets in The Wind and Rain Map of Dongting Lake and The Mystery Map of Dongting Lake through association, which is not what Gong Fan saw when he climbed the building, while the story of Zuiwengting depicts the beauty of mountains, waters, pavilions and people in Chuzhou through his personal experience, and expresses his complex feelings of enjoying with the people.
Different from Yueyang Tower, the language expression is a combination of compound sentence, cadence and uneven beauty. ; Words and phrases appear in pairs, catchy and witty. The article is not only well-organized, but also fluent in words and sentences, with a degree of relaxation and discussion. And the meaning is profound, the words are refined and alert, the words are read, and the voice is sonorous and thoughtful. Although drunken prose also has the combination of parallel prose sentences, it uses long sentences and is innovative. Only by using antithetical sentences is it unique and unique. Single sentences in pairs, two sentences in pairs, three sentences in pairs. Drunk people use it to narrate, which is bright and concise; Use it to write scenery, beautiful and quiet; It is deep and implicit to express emotions with it. In particular, the use of more than 20 words makes the meaning of the text clear, the rhythm of the language has a sense of ups and downs, and the rhyme is harmonious and pleasant. All this gives people the enjoyment of beauty, the edification of feelings and the soaring of thinking.
The theme is profound and unique. The way of expressing the theme in Zuiweng Pavilion is implicit and profound. In the narrative description, The Drunken Man's Meaning Is Not in the Wine hides the feeling of saving the world with the people, which does not hit the nail on the head. He is still drunk writing music, drunk writing in the gravel, which is why the meaning of drunkenness is not in wine, but also an eternal saying between mountains and rivers. The theme of Yueyang Tower is very straightforward. After comparing the joys and sorrows of literati's career advancement and retreat, Gong Fan directly expressed the ancient people's open mind of "not being happy with things, not being sad for themselves", and encouraged himself with the spiritual realm of "worrying about the world first, and enjoying the world later". It shows his noble character and integrity of taking the world as his responsibility! This kind of wisdom is inspiring, thought-provoking, clear-headed and inspiring.