195 1 In the spring of last year, a leader of the former Pingyuan Province (revoked at the end of 1952) passed by Yushan while inspecting the Yellow River and found a local teenager playing with a sword engraved with the word "Cao Zijian". Considering that it was a cultural relic, he immediately bought it with money. Things have changed, and the sword is gone now.
Cao Zhi's mausoleum was built at the foot of the scenic Yushan Mountain in Danzhuang Township, Dong 'e County, so there are many stories about Cao Zhi in this area. In the early days of liberation, rumors such as "breaking Cao Zijian (Cao Zhi) and enriching 100 counties in Kyushu" were rampant. In order to clarify rumors and meet the needs of historical research, shortly after the discovery of the inscription of "Cao Zijian" with a sword, the Cultural Relics Management Committee of Pingyuan Province sent two staff members to Yushan to clean up and excavate Cao Zhi's mausoleum. At that time, a secretary of Liaocheng administrative organ and three staff members of Dong 'e County Cultural Center also participated in this work.
The cleaning of Cao Zhi's mausoleum began in June of 195 1. When the first tomb door broke ground, the gold carving of 1, three beads, two agates, the jade belt hook of 1 and the sword carried by the gold rope chain of 1 were found on the tomb owner's hat. According to the usual archaeological experience, there are no strange beads, and it is estimated that there are undiscovered beads, so the cleaned residual soil has been re-screened, and there is still no new discovery. Entering the three tombs, the bottom of the middle tomb is covered with charcoal ash more than a finger thick, the top is covered with cinnabar the size of beans, and the top is a mica-cut star pattern. Mica is bone growth, which is generally bone growth. There are 28 complete parts, but the skull is missing. The tomb also unearthed a full set of gray pottery stoves, as well as pottery wells, chickens, ducks, dogs and geese. From the analysis of the disorder degree of brick and soil objects in the tomb, it is found that someone has robbed this tomb in the past. During the cleaning process, a bean green bowl was also found, which was not glazed. It may be an object from the early Ming Dynasty, and it is preliminarily judged that it was left by a grave robber.
This time, 132 funerary objects unearthed from Cao Zhi's mausoleum were cleaned up, and all of them were taken away by the staff of Pingyuan Provincial Cultural Management Association, among which 28 bones were unearthed. Subsequently, these cultural relics were handed over to the Museum of Chinese History in Beijing and exhibited at the Wumen Gate of the Forbidden City 1952. 1March, 977, cultural relics archaeologists found an inscription brick on the tomb wall about 3 meters high in front of the tomb, and the inscription recorded that the owner of the tomb was Cao Zhi.
1At about 8 pm on September 28, 978, the 4.35-square-meter main tomb and the 2.2-meter-long pyramid-shaped mound in Cao Zhi's mausoleum naturally collapsed. 198 1 year 1 1 month, in order to protect this destroyed cultural relic, the relevant cultural relics departments allocated special funds to build a tomb foundation wall of more than 20 meters, and repaired the Sui Monument Building in the Qing Dynasty, but it still failed to eradicate the ancient tomb and continued to suffer damage. 1On May 20th, 986, the long-planned restoration project of Cao Zhi's mausoleum broke ground. After 70 days of intense construction, Cao Zhi's mausoleum, which was on the verge of destruction, was finally renovated on August 30 of that year.
It is worth mentioning that1984 65438+February, after many consultations, the unearthed cultural relics of Cao Zhi's mausoleum, which had been handed over to the Beijing Museum of Chinese History, were returned to the local government and merged with Cao Zhi's mausoleum building. 1989 "Exhibition of Unearthed Cultural Relics from Cao Binzi's Tomb in Dong 'e" was held in Dong 'e County Library. What people expect is that if the sword engraved with the word "Cao Zijian" found in that year can be found again, it will make the weather-beaten tomb of Cao Zhi shine.
Cao Zhi and Yushan
Fish Mountain, also known as Wushan Mountain, is said to have been visited by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, by Emperor Kangxi and Emperor Qianlong, and by Wang Wei, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty. But when it comes to the fate with Yushan, no one can compare with Cao Zhi-he read and wrote here, listened to Sanskrit and wrote Buddhist music, and died on this mountain.
Cao Zhi (192-232), Zi Zijian, son of Cao Cao and brother of Cao Pi, was an outstanding literary master in Jian 'an literary world in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. In the third year of Wei Taihe (229), he was awarded the title of King Dong 'a, which lasted for four years. At the beginning of Cao's ascent to Yushan, he had a whim and set up a tomb. Wei Taihe moved in February of the sixth year (232) and died in Chen in June of 1 1 at the age of 4 1. In March of the seventh year of Taihe (233), his son Cao Zhi was buried in Yushan.
During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Wu Shan Academy was built in Yushan. "Wushan Academy" wrote: "Climb along the mountain road to Xiuye Hall, in front of the hall, swim in the golden scales, spit ink ... looking north, it looks like a pavilion. Zijian Temple and the tomb are on the hillside in the west, from Taiwan to the east, up the stairs to the top, with Liu Shucheng at the top, which is where Cao Zhi studied. " At present, there is a pavilion on the right side of the front of Cao Zhi's mausoleum, named "Sui Monument Pavilion". There is a stone tablet in the pavilion, which is mixed with seal script, bronze inscription and regular script, and describes Cao Zhi's life, sacrifice and related situation. Climbing up the stairs on the north side of the tomb, you can see an abrupt and grotesque rock not far away, which looks like a lying sheep and is surrounded by dense vegetation, hence the name "Sheep Maotai". According to legend, this is the place where Cao Zhi studied. There is a dried-up stone pond above the stage in Yang Mao. On the stone wall above it is written "West inkstone Lake", which is said to be the place where Cao Zhi washed inkstones. Climbing to the top of the mountain, on a relatively flat stone surface on the north side of the mountain, there is a cliff stone carving engraved with the characters of "Imperial Mountain", "Zuo Zhuan" and "Shou", which is said to have been written by Cao Zhi.
The scenery of the past will reappear.
On the west side of Fish Peak, there is a stone wall with two scarlet characters written on it. According to records, Cao Zhi "tasted the fish mountain and suddenly smelled the Sanskrit in the air, which was elegant and sad" and "written as Brahma". "Smell the Vatican" is the place where Cao Zhi is said to hear the Sanskrit sound, and Cao Zhi became the founder of Chinese Buddhist music. Below the "Smell Brahma", there is a cave called "Brahma Cave". It is said that the Sanskrit sound that Cao Zhi heard came from this cave. Brahma music heard by Cao Zhi later spread eastward to the Korean Peninsula and Japan, so Cao Zhi is also known as the originator of Japanese Buddhist music. Every year, a large number of Japanese religious figures go to Yushan to pay homage to Cao Zhi's mausoleum and play Brahma music created by Cao Zhi in front of the tomb.
Not long ago, the Chinese Buddhist Association and the Shandong Buddhist Association held a groundbreaking ceremony for the restoration of Bai Fan Temple in Yushan at the foot of Yushan. Shi Changjun, the person in charge of construction, said that the total investment in the restoration project of Yushan Bai Fan Temple is expected to exceed 6,543.8 billion yuan. The temple takes Yushan Mountain as its central axis, and its main projects include Pudu Bridge, Shanmen Hall, Bell and Drum Tower, Tianwang Hall, Daxiong Hall, Tibetan Scripture Building, East and West Zhangshi, etc. There are Tibetan Hall, Guanyin Hall, Zen Hall, Zhaitang, Monk Room and Guest Room on the left and right sides of the central axis. At the eastern foot of Yushan Mountain, there will be ten thousand Buddha halls, stupas and Bai Fan Buddha halls. In this restoration project, a 20-meter-high bronze statue of Guanyin will be built. Bai Fan Temple in Yushan overlooks the rolling Yellow River, faces the verdant mountains and is backed by Yushan Mountain, presenting the beautiful scenery of "White Clouds, Yellow River and Castle Peak" for tourists. When people come here, they will naturally think of Cao Zijian's extraordinary bearing in Talented Persons and Beautiful Women.
According to research, Yushan Bai Fan Temple was founded in the Tang Dynasty and reached its peak in Qin Long in the Ming Dynasty, becoming a Buddhist holy place in China at that time. Yushan is the birthplace of Brahma Buddhism in China, and Cao Zhi is the founder of Brahma to Qin in China. It is worth mentioning that in addition to Cao Zhi's Mausoleum, Yushan also has Longshan Cultural Site, which has been listed as a national key cultural relics protection unit by 1996.