First, the principle of tree protection and restoration

On the trunk and trunk branches of trees, wounds are often caused by diseases and insect pests, freezing injury, sunburn and mechanical damage. If these wounds are not protected, treated and repaired in time, after long-term rain erosion and pathogen parasitism, they are easy to rot inside and form tree holes. In addition, trees are often damaged by people intentionally or unintentionally. For example, the soil in the tree tray has become very solid after being trampled for a long time, and lettering on the trunk is reserved as a souvenir or branches are pulled out, which have a great impact on the growth of trees. Therefore, protecting and restoring trees is a very important conservation measure.

Tree protection should first implement the spirit of "prevention is more important than cure", do a good job in all aspects of prevention, try to prevent all kinds of disasters, and at the same time do a good job in publicity and education to make people realize that everyone is responsible for protecting trees. The wound that has been caused on the tree body should be treated as early as possible to prevent it from expanding, and different treatment and repair methods should be adopted according to the position, weight and characteristics of the wound on the trunk.

Second, the treatment of trunk wounds

For the wounds on branches caused by diseases, insects, freezing injury, sunburn or pruning, the periphery should be leveled with a sharp knife to make the cortical edge arc, and then disinfected with chemicals (2%-5% copper sulfate solution, 0. 1% mercuric chloride solution, sulfur mixture stock solution). For the wound caused by pruning, flatten the wound and then apply protective agent. The selected protective agent should be easy to smear, good in adhesion, impervious to heat and water, non-corrosive to tree tissues, and have antiseptic and disinfection effects, such as lead oil and wax. The mixture of clay, fresh cow dung and a small amount of stone sulfur can also be used as a daubing agent in a large number of applications. If hormone application is more conducive to wound healing, a- naphthylacetic acid ointment containing 0.0 1%~0. 1% can be applied to the wound to promote wound healing.

Because the branches of the tree are cracked by the wind, they should be tied up with ropes at once, then disinfected and coated with protective agent. Some parks in Beijing are reinforced with iron hoops composed of two semi-circular rings. In order to prevent the bark from rubbing, it is padded with palm hemp and connected with bolts, which relaxes with the increase of trunk diameter. Another method, 1, is to screw threaded iron bars or bolts into the trunk to play the role of connection and clamping.

Trees whose branches are chopped by lightning should be sawed off and coated with protective agent.

Third, fill the tree hole.

The wound caused by various reasons does not heal for a long time. The xylem exposed for a long time was soaked in rain and gradually rotted, forming tree holes. In severe cases, the trunk is hollow and the bark is broken, which is generally called "broken stomach". Because the xylem and pith of the trunk rot, the transportation organization is destroyed, the transportation and storage of water and nutrients are affected, the tree vigor is seriously weakened, the firmness and load capacity of branches are reduced, and the life of trees is shortened.

The purpose of repairing tree holes is to prevent them from expanding and developing. There are three ways:

(1) Open method If the tree hole is not deep or too big, you can use this method. If the wound hole is not deep and not filled, it can be treated according to the wound treatment method introduced earlier. If the hole in the tree is big, it gives people a strange feeling. You can use this method when you want to stay and watch. The method is to thoroughly remove the rotten xylem in the cave, scrape off the dead tissue at the edge of the cave until the new tissue is exposed, disinfect it with chemicals and apply protective agent. At the same time, change the shape of the hole to facilitate drainage, or insert a drainage pipe at the bottom of the tree hole. Check the waterproof layer and drainage frequently in the future, and brush the protective agent 1 again every six months or so.

(2) Sealing method After the tree hole is disinfected, nail laths on the surface of the hole, seal the hole with putty and hemp knife ash (the putty is made of quicklime and cooked tung oil according to the ratio of 1: O.35) (the putty for glass installation can also be used directly), and then coat it with white latex and pigment powder to increase the appearance. You can also press bark lines or nail 65438+ on it.

(3) Filling method The filler is preferably a mixture of cement and pebbles. If there is no cement, you can also use local materials. The filler must be compacted. In order to strengthen the connection between filler and xylem, several electroplating nails can be nailed in the hole, and a groove with a depth of about 4 cm can be dug on both sides of the hole. The filler starts from the bottom, and every 20- 25cm is 1 layer, separated by linoleum, and the surface of each layer is slightly inclined outward to facilitate drainage. The edge of the filler should not exceed the xylem, so that the cambium can form callus on it. The outer layer is coated with lime, latex and colored powder. In order to add beauty and realism, the outermost layer is nailed with 1 layer of real bark.

Four, hanging branches and top branches

Hanging branches are widely used in orchards and top branches are widely used in gardens. If the tree body of a big tree or an ancient tree is unstable, the big branches need to be supported by pillars, which can be metal, wooden stakes or reinforced concrete. The column should have a solid foundation, and the joint between the upper end and the trunk should have a prop-shaped support rod and bowl, and be padded to avoid damaging the bark. When setting columns, we must consider beauty and harmony with the surrounding environment. The Forbidden City in Beijing painted the scaffold green and made it into scaffolding according to the drooping posture of pine branches, and the effect was good. There are several main branches connected by iron cables, which is also an effective reinforcement method.

Five, paint it white

The purpose of trunk whitewashing is to prevent pests and diseases, delay the germination of trees and avoid sunburn. The experiment showed that the flowering of peach trees was delayed by 5 days compared with the control. Therefore, in the continental climate area with strong sunshine and drastic temperature changes, the whitening principle is used to reduce the absorption of solar radiation heat by the aboveground parts of trees to delay the germination period. Because painting white can reflect sunlight, reduce the local temperature rise of branches and prevent sunburn. Therefore, white paint is still used as one of the measures to protect trees. Willow trees painted white immediately after planting can prevent moths and dry pests.

The ingredients of whitening agents vary from place to place. The commonly used formula is: 10 part water, 3 parts quicklime, 0.5 part sulfur mixture stock solution, 0.5 part salt, and a little oil (both animal and vegetable oils are acceptable). When preparing, the lime should be melted first, and the grease should be poured into people, then fully stirred, and then mixed with water to form lime milk. Finally, the lime-sulfur mixture and brine or adhesive should be added to prolong the whitewashing period.