About 4700 years ago, a fierce war broke out in Zhuolu, Zhangjiakou City. Participants in this war are three ancestors of the Chinese nation: Xuanyuan of the Yellow Emperor, Shennong and Chiyou of Yan Di. As a result of the war, the alliance between the Yellow Emperor and Yan Di defeated Chiyou. At the same time, the war also strengthened the integration of Huaxia tribe and Jiuli tribe, formed the embryonic form of the Chinese nation, and promoted the birth of Chinese civilization. Hu Ceng, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote a famous poem after visiting Zhuolu Mountain:

Zhuolu white grass is full of autumn, and Xuanyuan once broke Human-God.

Danxia reflected the water in front of the temple and suspected that Chengchuan's blood was still flowing.

So what is the battle of "Xuanyuan once destroyed Chiyou" mentioned in the poem? What is its significance? What does it have to do with Zhangjiakou? Here is a brief introduction.

First, the three ancestors of mankind, Huangdi, Yan Di and Chiyou.

Xuanyuan yellow emperor

About 5000 years ago, history entered a period of great change. This era belongs to the late primitive society. At this time, human beings have entered the era of stone and stone combination from the Neolithic Age. Great changes have taken place in the social form, and matriarchal clans have gradually been replaced by paternal clans and become the dominant social organizations. With the development of social production, private property gradually appeared, which triggered a war between tribes for land and pasture suitable for farming. In short, the society at that time was in a symbolic period of civilization and human development and progress.

On the land of China at that time, after long-term merger and integration, three major tribal groups, Huaxia, Jiuli and Miaoman, gradually formed. The Huaxia tribe group headed by the Yellow Emperor is active in the western and central regions of the Yellow River Basin. Chiyou is the leader of Jiuli Tribe Group, active in today's Shandong and Jiangsu areas. Emperor Yan is another leader of the Chinese tribal alliance. Huangdi, Yan Di and Chiyou are the three great human ancestors of the Chinese nation and the common ancestors of all ethnic groups in China.

According to Historical Records and other relevant historical records, the Yellow Emperor surnamed Ji, posthumous title Xuanyuan and Xiongshi, was a famous tribal alliance leader in the Yellow River Basin of China more than 4,700 years ago. According to legend, the Yellow Emperor was born in the hill of Xuanyuan, and now there is Xinzheng, Henan, the hometown of Xuanyuan. At first, the Yellow Emperor lived in a bear, so he was named a bear. There is also a saying that the troops under the Yellow Emperor are named after bears, tigers and tigers, among which the bear department is directly led by him, so the Yellow Emperor is also called the Xiong family. Later, the Yellow Emperor lived and fought near Jishui in the northwest Yellow River basin of China, so the Yellow Emperor was named Ji. When I lived in the Loess Plateau of Shaanxi Province, I began to pay attention to the development of agricultural production and gradually increased. The most important thing to develop agricultural production is land, which is "yellow", so it is called the Yellow Emperor. In the practice of life and war, the Huangdi tribe first invented the chariot, which has a porch (that is, a car enclosure) and a shaft, so the Huangdi is also called Xuanyuan. The Yellow Emperor has a chariot. During the war, the general stood on the chariot. During the break, he connected the chariots into a circle to protect the China army, leaving only a gap as the entrance. This door is a gap between two car shafts, so it is also called shaft door. The word Yuanmen has been passed down to this day. It can be seen from these titles of Huangdi that Huangdi tribe was the representative of advanced productive forces, advanced military and advanced culture at that time.

According to legend, the mother of the Yellow Emperor attached treasure. Two months after the birth of the Yellow Emperor, he was able to babble with his mother, and at the age of three, he was eloquent and brilliant. By the age of 20, he has become a very cultured person. Elected by the people as tribal leaders. As the Records of the Five Emperors said: The Yellow Emperor was born as a god, weak but able to speak, young but not biased, long and sensitive, and wise after success. Under his leadership, the Huangdi tribe quickly became strong, and other tribes were willing to accept his leadership and gradually became the leader of the tribal alliance.

Yan Di tribe lives in northwest China near Jiang Shui. According to historical records, Emperor Yan and Emperor Huang are the sons of Shaodian, the leader of Xiongshi tribe. "Guoyu Yujin" said, "In the past, the young Dian family married the You family and gave birth to the Yellow Emperor and Yan Di." Some historians believe that the Yellow Emperor and Yan Di are two tribes related by marriage, but they are not necessarily brothers. Emperor Yan was particularly interested in agricultural production since he was a child. He cut down trees to make plowshares, and then used wood as plowshares to cultivate the land. He also taught all people how to use these farm tools. Because he was the first person to cultivate land, he was honored as Shennong. Emperor Yan also invented herbs to treat diseases, and was the inventor of traditional Chinese medicine. In order to treat diseases with herbs, Emperor Yan personally tasted the sexual taste of herbs to identify their efficacy. But once, he tasted a highly toxic Lysimachia christinae, and there was no cure. Finally died of rotten intestines. The portrait of Emperor Yan painted by later generations now is the image of him tasting a hundred herbs. Yan Di tribe was the tribe with the highest level of agricultural production development at that time. At first, his prestige and influence in all tribes were greater than that of the Yellow Emperor, and later his position was replaced by the Yellow Emperor. So now he is used to calling Chinese sons and daughters descendants of the Chinese people.

Sima Qian

The tribal alliance Chiyou lives in the lower reaches of the Yellow River and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China. This tribal alliance is called "Jiuli". "Guoyu Chu Yu" records that "Jiu Li is also a disciple of Chiyou." With the help of the superior geographical environment, mild climate and natural conditions in the lower reaches of the Yellow River and the Yangtze River, Jiuli Tribal Alliance has worked hard, cut through difficulties, continuously improved productivity and developed social economy, and has become a major tribe in the southeast of China. At that time, compared with Yanhuang tribe, Jiuli was more advanced in social and economic development. According to the literature, "Fuxi takes wood as a soldier, Shennong takes stone as a soldier, and Chiyou takes gold as a soldier." In other words, the legendary Fuxi and Shennong were in the era when wood and stone were used as weapons, and Chiyou began to make weapons with metal and entered the metal age. Jiuli was the most powerful tribe in southeast China 5000 years ago.

Yandi Shennong

The Chiyou tribe takes cattle as its totem. Legend has it that the Chiyou tribe had discovered copper mines at that time, learned to smelt copper, and made swords, halberds, crossbows and protective masks out of copper. Besides, Chiyou is brave. Whenever fighting, he always wears colorful tiger skin, a bronze helmet and a copper knife, and he is in the front, so his military strength is very strong. He also said that Chiyou had 998 1 brothers, with a large number, making it the most powerful tribal alliance in China at that time. According to Mr. Fan Wenlan, the Jiuli Tribal Alliance headed by Chiyou is composed of nine tribes, and each tribe contains eighty-one brothers of nine brother clans, that is, eighty-one chiefs under Chiyou. Chiyou was honored as the ancient god of war. Today, Miao people respect Chiyou as their ancestor.

Second, the battle of Hanquan

The Battle of Hanquan took place between Yan Di Tribe and Huangdi Tribe. Through this war, the Yellow Emperor defeated Yan Di, and Yan Di surrendered to the Yellow Emperor, forming the Huangyan Tribal Alliance. At the same time, the Yellow Emperor replaced Yan Di as the leader of the tribes in the Yellow River Basin. Therefore, this war is the foundation and key battle for the formation of the Chinese nation.

The reasons for this war are not only the leadership, but also the land suitable for farming. Jishui and Jiang Shui, where the Yellow Emperor and Yan Di once lived, were no longer suitable for animal husbandry and agricultural production because of the flood of the Yellow River, so the Yellow Emperor first led the tribe eastward. According to historians' research, Huangdi first went south along Beiluoshui to Dali and Chaoyi in Shaanxi, then crossed the Yellow River eastward, moved northeast along Zhongtiaoshan and Taihang Mountain, and came to Zhuolu in Zhangjiakou City today along Sanggan River.

The geographical map of the legendary period of the Yellow Emperor Zhuolu is in the southeast of Zhuolu County, Hebei Province today.

According to the research of geologists, Datong and Zhuolu in Sanggan River basin were originally an ancient lake, with Vivi in water and Luming Literature in bamboo. With the crustal movement, the lake gradually leaked out, forming a Zhuolu basin with fertile land and abundant rainfall, which is very suitable for the development of farming economy. So when the Yellow Emperor and his party came here, they took a fancy to this fertile land and let their tribe settle down. Huangdi tribe worked hard on the fertile soil of Zhuolu, and soon became prosperous and strong.

At the same time, the tribes of the Yellow Emperor moved eastward, so did the tribes of Yan Di. But they don't take exactly the same route. Yan Di tribe first went eastward along the Wei River, then continued eastward along the south bank of the Yellow River, until the present Shandong area. In this way, first of all, there is a contradiction with the Chiyou Jiuli tribe who has been living here. At that time, under the leadership of Chiyou, Jiuli Tribal Alliance was in its heyday, and it was committed to expanding its sphere of influence to the west. How could it tolerate Yan Di tribes getting their hands on his territory? So a war broke out between Emperor Yan and Chiyou. In terms of farming level, Yan Di tribe is higher than Chiyou tribe, but Chiyou is far superior to Yan Di in force. In this way, due to the disparity in strength, Emperor Yan had to give up the place where he was stationed, and Zhuolu, who fled north to settle in the Yellow Emperor, asked the Yellow Emperor for help. At that time, Huangdi devoted himself to developing agricultural production, and he didn't want to get involved in the war. In addition, the Huangdi tribe paid attention to the development of production and the connection with other tribes, which made some tribes originally belonging to Yan Di join the Huangdi, and Yan geocentric was resentful, so there was a "War of Hanquan" with the Huangdi tribe. In this case, the Yellow Emperor had to take part in the war. At the beginning of the war, the Yellow Emperor and the Yan Di tribe were at loggerheads. Later, the Yellow Emperor "taught bears, raccoons, raccoons, raccoons, tigers and tigers in order to fight Emperor Yan in the wild of Hanquan, and then win his ambition in three wars." (Records of the Five Emperors) That is to say, in the war with Emperor Yan, the Yellow Emperor won the title of "Bear, Elbow, Elbow"? With the support of totem tribes such as Yi and Hu, after many battles, Yan Di was finally defeated in the field battle of Hanquan. The "three wars" here is a rough figure, indicating the number of wars. After the war of Hanquan, a new Huangyan tribal alliance headed by Huangdi was formed. This war initiated a new way of annexation in ancient China, that is, the result of the war was not that one tribe destroyed another tribe, but that the two were combined through war, and their advantages were complementary, and the new alliance was stronger. At present, there is another village called Qiqi Village in Zhuolu County, Zhangjiakou City. It is said that it was the place where Emperor Yan once placed the "Seven Flags Array" during the "Battle of Hanquan". At that time, Hanquan, now known as "Huangdi Spring", was still surging with endless springs, as if telling people the scene of the battle of Hanquan.

Third, the battle of Zhuolu

During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period (1937), in Tomb-Sweeping Day, the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region government held a grand ceremony to worship the Yellow Emperor. On April 6 this year, Xinhua Daily published in northern Shaanxi made a very eye-catching report on this activity. The Chinese Soviet, represented by Lin, and the central government of People's Republic of China (PRC) specially attended the nationwide grave-sweeping ceremony to show their determination to resist Japan and save the country. He also wrote "Sacrificing Yellow" in his own hand. In this article, Mao Zedong not only praised the contribution of the Yellow Emperor, but also pointed out that the Yellow Emperor once "fought with Zhuolu and the region was peaceful". "Battle of Zhuolu" refers to the "Battle of Zhuolu" between Huangdi and Chiyou in Zhuolu.

The Yellow Emperor fought against Chiyou.

It turned out that when Chiyou clashed with Emperor Yan and fled from Zhuolu, Chiyou followed Zhuolu and built a camp in Zhuolu, known as Chiyou Village in history, to prepare for a decisive battle with Yanhuang Alliance. Just as there is another struggle between Yan and Huang, Chiyou has enough time to prepare for war and become stronger. After seeing Chiyou encamp in an attempt to seize Zhuolu's wild land, the Yellow Emperor also made up his mind to fight Chiyou.

At the beginning of the war, Chiyou fought bravely with advanced weapons and the spirit of just winning the battle, which caused great military and psychological pressure on Huangdi. Huangdi was forced to participate in the war, so he didn't play well at first. In the words of Historical Records, he was "invincible in nine wars" and suffered repeated defeats and wars. In this grim situation, Huangdi was not discouraged, but actively summed up experiences and lessons, adjusted strategies and tactics, and actively sought support and help from other tribes.

The next battle is even more thrilling. According to Taiping Yulan (Volume 15) and Huangdi Xuannvbing Law, Huangdi and Chiyou were defeated in nine wars at first, so they had to take a break. At this time, a woman with a bird's head appeared in front of the Yellow Emperor and respectfully asked him for advice. Claiming to be Xuan Nv taught him new tactics. At the same time, the Yellow Emperor also specially captured and domesticated a large number of animals such as bears and tigers to help the war. At the same time, he also conspired with General Ying Long to break the enemy's ambush. He also turned to tribes with blackbirds, bears and tigers for help and was accepted. The participation of these tribes in the war greatly changed the contrast of military strength between the two sides, and their combat power began to tilt in favor of the Yellow Emperor.

At the beginning of the decisive battle, Huangdi led the elite soldiers to challenge Chiyou according to the established battle plan. At this time, even if Chiyou won the battle and was satisfied, he did not care about the Yellow Emperor at all. When he heard the challenge of the Yellow Emperor, he immediately went out to fight. The soldiers of the Yellow Emperor were defeated by Chiyou many times, and most of them were concerned. They retreated as soon as they started fighting. This was expected by the Yellow Emperor, and he made a plan to break the enemy accordingly. When the Yellow Emperor saw Enemy at the Gates, he also took advantage of the situation to cheat and defeat, and led the people to retreat to the valley, where there was an ambush. Chiyou didn't know it was a plan, so he commanded the whole army to pursue it with all his might and pursue it hard. Chiyou entered the ambush circle of the Yellow Emperor. When the Yellow Emperor gave the order, the ambush arrived, smashing the soldiers of the Chiyou tribe into pieces and fleeing in succession. Huangdi turned defeat into victory, pursued victory, and suffered a crushing defeat in Chiyou.

The brick statue of Chiyou in Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province in the Southern and Northern Dynasties

According to Taiping Yulan, just as the Yellow Emperor was struggling to chase Chiyou, Chiyou suddenly used magic to save the defeat, and a thick fog came out of his nostrils. In an instant, the battlefield was dark, with strong winds and thunder rumbling for three days and three nights. The soldiers of Huangdi tribe lost their way, and their morale fluctuated for a while, so Chiyou rushed up and killed them fiercely. At this critical moment, the Yellow Emperor immediately hired a man named Hou Feng to build a guide car. On this guided car stood a little man with his arm pointing south, so that the Yellow Emperor could identify the direction and lead his troops out of the tight encirclement. In order to inspire the soldiers' fighting spirit, the Yellow Emperor also made eighty drums out of a kind of leather with only one foot, which was born in the East China Sea. Then beat it with a drum hammer made of Lei Shou bone, and the sound can travel 500 miles away. The sound shook the earth and covered it with dust. The soldiers of Chiyou tribe were shocked and confused by the Yellow Emperor's "nine strikes to stop it". The soldiers of the Yellow Emperor, however, fought bravely in this magnificent drum, all of them fought bravely and attacked with all their strength, surrounded the Chiyou department and soon killed Chiyou. He won the final victory in the battle of Zhuolu.

In the battle of Zhuolu, the reason why Huangdi was able to win more with less, stronger with weakness, and defeated with victory was because of his brilliant guiding ideology. He attaches importance to political, economic and military preparations. In order to win the war, he attached great importance to "Xiu De Mobilization" to win the hearts and minds of the people. Although Chiyou was defeated in the battle, his heroic fighting spirit in the battle of Zhuolu made his reputation immortal and became the ancient god of war in China. Both Qin Shihuang and Han Wudi offered sacrifices to Chiyou. All these show that the battle of Zhuolu between the Yellow Emperor and Chiyou is indeed the first truly meaningful war in the history of our country, and the land of Zhuolu deserves to be called the first ancient battlefield in China.

Sodium azoguanine methanesulfonate

After the Battle of Zhuolu, some Jiuli people merged with Huaxia Group, and some were forced to retreat south across the river, compressed in the area of "Left Dongting and Right Peng Li" (now Dongting Lake and Poyang Lake), occupying the vast areas of Hunan, Hubei and Jiangxi in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. In the period of Yao, Shun and Yu, a new tribal alliance was formed, which was called "Three Miao" in the history books, sometimes called "You Miao" or "Miao people". Miao people still have many legends and customs related to Chiyou. Miao people also generally regard Chiyou as their ancestor. In some areas, when the Miao people sacrifice their ancestors, they have to sacrifice "Pei You", that is, there is a public human-god. It is said that "Pei You" is a brave and disciplined hero.

Like Huangdi and Yan Di, Chiyou is the ancestor of the Chinese nation, which has greatly promoted the formation of Chinese civilization. According to legend, Chicheng in Zhangjiakou was once the capital of Chiyou. Zhuolu Chiyouzhai and Chiyoufen sites still exist today for people to mourn.

The battle of Zhuolu between Huangdi, Yan Di and Chiyou is recorded in Historical Records and other related historical books, and Sima Qian's Historical Records began with Biography of Five Emperors. Sun Yat-sen, the forerunner of the revolution, has clearly pointed out the great significance of the Yellow Emperor's "pacifying the Chiyou rebellion". Although Sun Yat-sen's evaluation of Chiyou is different from our understanding that Huangdi, Yan Di and Chiyou are the three great ancestors of the Chinese nation, he affirmed Huangdi's contribution to the Chiyou War. Mao Zedong, the revolutionary leader, also praised the Yellow Emperor's "Battle of Zhuolu, District Ning" in the article "Sacrifice to the Mausoleum of the Yellow Emperor" written by himself in April 1937. Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty also affirmed that "Xuanyuan Xiong Chiyou lived in seclusion" in Journey to Zhuolu. Li Zhi, a famous scholar in the Ming Dynasty, wrote in "Burning Books": "Xuanyuan's surname is Wang Ye, and he won the world in seventy battles, killing Chiyou in the field of Zhuolu and fighting Emperor Yan in the field of Hanquan." Qian Mu, a scholar in China, pointed out in "An Introduction to the Cultural History of China": "In ancient China legends, the earliest and more credible stories are Shennong and Huangdi." He said in the book "The Yellow Emperor": "Although the deeds of the Yellow Emperor are obscure, we cannot but talk about it. Although a person's childhood is unclear, it is extremely important. Some things can affect his life and become his deep potential spirit. When he grew up, he recalled his childhood. Although he involuntarily mixed his later imagination, there are still elements left over from childhood behind this imagination. In other words, we generally look at ancient history from a cultural perspective. Even with the imagination of future generations, it is still full of the basic spirit of the ancients. " In other words, many legends about the Yellow Emperor, Yan Di and Chiyou, although the characters in the legends are all demigods and demigods, to a great extent, truly reflect the historical process of the early survival and development of the Chinese and Jiuli nationalities. This is because oral history was the only form of human memory before the invention of writing. Historical Records officially recorded the legends of the Five Emperors in history. Therefore, the battle of Zhuolu took place in today's Zhuolu Fanshan area in Zhangjiakou City, which has been recognized by historians.

Fourth, Busan, Hefei

After the Yellow Emperor killed Chiyou and surrendered to Emperor Yan, the tribes in the Yellow River valley supported him even more and worshipped him as the "Lord of the world". That is to say, the tribe changed from "salty to Xuanyuan" before the battle of Zhuolu to "salty to Xuanyuan". The Yellow Emperor obeyed the wishes of the tribe and made a big patrol first. According to Records of the Five Emperors in Historical Records, in order to create the world, the Yellow Emperor went east to the coast, south to the Yangtze River and west to Kongtong (now Gansu). If there is disobedience, the Yellow Emperor will "levy it." After the tour, it showed the strength and virtue of the Yellow Emperor and laid the foundation for becoming the "son of heaven". Later, he led the troops to "explore the mountains in the north" and "chase the meat porridge in the north", which eliminated the threat from the north and made the tribes in the Yellow River basin feel more secure and belong. After the completion of these two major events, the Yellow Emperor sized up the situation and held a "Busan Peace" similar to that of founding ceremony in Busan, the hometown of defeated Zhuolu Chiyou, becoming the "* * * master" in the world.

Xuanyuan yellow emperor

Busan Harmony not only established the position of Huangdi as the highest military officer in the tribe, but also established his position as the highest chief executive. The "* * * Lord", which is higher than tribal chiefs and tribal alliance leaders, has formed the embryonic form of state, kingship and etiquette and has become a symbol of human civilization.

In the history of China, there have been five large-scale ethnic integration. The tribal integration realized by the battle between Huangdi, Yan Di and Chiyou was the first large-scale integration in the history of China. This kind of integration finally formed a tribe * * * at the junction of Huangdi Tribe Alliance and Dongyi Tribe after the integration of tribes in Yan Di, and formed the predecessor of the Chinese nation. Busan is an important symbol of the formation of the Chinese nation.

Sodium azoguanine methanesulfonate

The Chinese nation is called descendants of the Yellow Emperor and descendants of the dragon. Dragon is a symbol of the birthplace of the Chinese nation and a cultural totem of the Chinese nation. There is also a touching legend between the formation of the dragon totem and the Yellow Emperor's "trip to Busan in Hefei". Legend has it that after the Yellow Emperor defeated Chiyou, he unified the tribes in the Central Plains and held a meeting with tribal leaders in Busan, Zhuolu. When combining symbols, the Yellow Emperor deliberately formulated a unified totem as a symbol similar to the current national flag or country. At first, people below the Yellow Emperor suggested not to engage in new totems, but to follow the totems of the Yellow Emperor tribe. The Yellow Emperor thought that all tribes honored him as * * *, which should reflect the relationship of equality and unity among all tribes, so he asked all tribes to present their own totems, and each tribe sent representatives to formulate new totems. After consulting with various tribes, the Yellow Emperor formulated a new totem: snake body, fish scale, horse head, lion nose, tiger eye, ox tongue, antler, ivory, sheep beard, eagle claw and dog tail, and named it dragon. Modern archaeology also proves that Hongshan Culture is the dragon culture, Zhangjiakou is the intersection of Hongshan Culture, Yangshao and Longshan cultures, and the Jade Pig Dragon in Hongshan Culture period has also been found in Zhangjiakou. The relationship between the dragon in Busan and the Yellow Emperor has a certain foundation.

At present, there is a kettle-shaped mountain near Huangdi City in Zhuolu County, Zhangjiakou City, which is the legendary Busan where Huangdi and various tribes live in harmony. There are also ancient sacrificial altar sites on the mountain. At present, all parties concerned are actively preparing for the establishment of the Zhuolu Chinese Family Joy Altar, further promoting the Chinese Family Joy culture, and actively striving to become the collection place and delivery point of the 2008 Olympic flame.

V. Zhuolu, the capital

After the Yellow Emperor joined forces with the tribes in Busan, he also built the capital in a wide and flat place under Zhuolu Mountain. According to the Records of Five Emperors, the Yellow Emperor is "a city in the land of Zhuolu". Zhuolu, the capital of Huangdi, became the base of Huangdi's opening to the outside world, and was also the political, economic and cultural center of the Chinese nation at that time. The development of politics, economy and culture in this area has effectively promoted the transformation of the Chinese nation from primitive society to slave society. As Wen Tianxiang, a patriotic star in the Southern Song Dynasty, described in his poem Zhuolu:

I look forward to Zhuolu County, which has been an enemy of Chiyou since ancient times.

Xuanyuan this shot, jade flew towards the ministers.

The "standing pole" in the poem means that the Yellow Emperor established the highest authority in Zhuolu, and all the "princes" (actually tribal leaders) went to Zhuolu to make contributions to the Yellow Emperor and show their obedience.

Yu Youren's works

As for Zhuolu, the capital of the Yellow Emperor, it has been affirmed by most historians. Mr. Wang Guowei's famous historical theory "On the System of Yin and Zhou Dynasties" said: "Since ancient times, the capital of emperors has been in the east, but the deficiency of Tai Hao lies in Chen, the library of big courts is in Lu, and the city of the Yellow Emperor is in the land of Zhuolu." This should be the authoritative theory of historians.

Zhuolu, the capital of the Yellow Emperor, also meets the requirements of historical development and productivity development level. Judging from the history of archaeological excavations, the construction of cities began 5000 years ago. According to legend, after the Yellow Emperor led the troops to Zhuolu, at first all the troops lived in cliff caves and trees, which was very unsafe. It was during the war. Whenever night falls, people are always nervous, which seriously affects the combat effectiveness of the troops. Huangdi was also worried. One day, he climbed the Zhuolu Mountain and looked as far as he could. He saw Zhuolu Basin surrounded by mountains, with a Ma Pingchuan in the middle, and his heart was suddenly enlightened. So he ordered his men to build a square building and surround people inside, so that people would be much safer. Because the buildings at that time were all made of earth, the Yellow Emperor named it "city", which means "made of earth".

There is a "Yellow Emperor City" in the north of Sanbao Village, Fanshan Town, Zhuolu County. Huangdi City is an irregular square, and the remaining walls are in the east, west and north. 1958 Remove the East City Wall and immerse it in Xuanyuan Lake. There are many relics in the city, including red pottery with sand, clay pottery and black pottery, and stone tools such as pestle, axe, chisel and stone ring have been unearthed. After archaeological excavation, it is preliminarily determined that Huangdi City was built from Warring States to Han Dynasty, but there are rich Longshan cultural relics under it, which need further archaeological research. In the Ming Dynasty, there were still people living in Huangdi City, and Xuanyuan Temple was built, which was gradually abandoned in the Qing Dynasty. 1997, next to Huangdi City, the Chinese Sanzu Hall was built. There are statues of the Yellow Emperor, Yan Di and Chiyou in the Chinese Sanzu Hall. There are large murals of four historical events on the wall of the hall, namely, the battle of Zhuolu, the battle of Hanquan, Busan and Zhuolu and their capitals. Zhuolu is becoming one of the holy places to pursue the formation of the Chinese nation and the source of Chinese civilization.

The Historical Records of the Five Emperors said: "From the Yellow Emperor to Yu Shun, they are all foreign countries with the same surname, so Zhang Mingde is named." In other words, the monarchs from Yao, Shun and Yu to Xia, Shang and Zhou are all descendants of the Chinese people. The Yellow Emperor was honored as the first emperor by emperors of past dynasties.

According to Historical Records, Guoyu and other historical records, the ancient history of Tang Yao, Yu Shun, Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties living in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River originated from the Yellow Emperor. Some people list the historical records as follows:

Table 1: Shaodian (surnamed Jiang)

Huangdi (Ji surname)

Table 2: Huangdi Xiao Xuan (Qingyang)-Extreme-Gaoxin (Di Ku)

Changyi Levin (Zhuan Xu)

Table 3: Abandoned Gao Xin (ancestor of Zhou Dynasty, Hou Ji)

Qi (ancestor of Shang Dynasty)

Dizhi

Fang Xun (Tang Yao)

Table 4: Levin Gunyu Qi (ancestor of Xia Dynasty)

Say-old boy (volume chapter, heir to Chu ancestors)

Qiong Chan-Jingkang-Wang Ju (Ju Mang)-Qiao Niu-Gu Sou-Yu Shun

Six, the ancient civilization opened Zhuolu.

Xuanyuan Huangdi is not only the ancestor of the Chinese nation, but also the ancestor of Chinese civilization. The historical contribution of the Yellow Emperor lies in the great integration of tribes and the formation of the Chinese nation through the battle of Zhuolu and the battle of Hanquan. More importantly, he has been committed to developing the economy, promoting social progress, learning from the outstanding achievements of other tribes and creating the light of Chinese civilization. These historical achievements of the Yellow Emperor are inextricably linked with Zhuolu. Huangdi's literary martial arts reached its peak in Zhuolu, and the ancient civilization's opening Zhuolu was the most accurate and concise evaluation of Huangdi's historical achievements in Zhuolu.

Compass car

The proposition of Zhuolu for the eternal civilization was put forward by Gu Jiegang, a famous historian in China, in the Romance of Ancient History. Although Gu Jiegang thinks that the legend of China's ancient history evolved from myth, and the description of ancient history is more and more detailed in later generations, and he is a representative figure of the school of "doubting the ancient", he still puts forward the conclusion that "Zhuolu was opened by eternal civilization" in this book, which shows the close degree between Chinese civilization and Zhuolu, indicating that Chinese civilization originated from the battle of Huangdi, Yan Di and Chiyou in 5,000 years.

The origin of Chinese civilization is a very important and complicated issue. The results of modern archaeological excavations prove that the origin of Chinese civilization is not a little, but one-dimensional. Not only the Yellow River Basin is the birthplace of Chinese civilization, but also the Yangtze River Basin, Liaohe River Basin, Bashu area and many other places are one of the birthplaces of Chinese civilization. Therefore, when we say that Zhuolu has been developed through the ages, we don't mean that Chinese civilization only originated in Zhuolu area, but that Zhuolu is one of the birthplaces of Chinese civilization, and the Sanggan River where Zhuolu is located is also one of the mother rivers of Chinese nation and Chinese civilization.

When human culture develops to a certain extent, it will bid farewell to barbarism and enter the era of civilization. The era when the Yellow Emperor lived was such an era when mankind stepped into the threshold of civilization. There are many records about Huangdi's contribution to Chinese civilization in China ancient books. The Yellow Emperor became an "arrow pillar figure" (Hu Shi's language)-many inventions were recorded in his name. Therefore, the Yellow Emperor was honored as the "ancestor of civilization". In Shiben and Zhong Song's Shiben Notes, the Yellow Emperor and his officials invented as many as 28 kinds, including clothes, boats, cars and drums for daily life, as well as academic inventions such as characters, galaxies, calendars, compasses, medicine and music. There are also many records in other historical books, such as Justice in Historical Records, which says, "The Yellow Emperor was inspired by God and ordered to make great efforts to make calendars." "New Words" said: "The world is inhabited by wild caves, and there is no room and no house, and it is the same domain as animals. The Yellow Emperor is a logging structure, built as a palace and built on a building. " In Notes, it is recorded that Huangdi "began to wear a crown and hang clothes" and "began to make a book appointment". "Shiben" also said, "The Yellow Emperor has a famous name and wears a well." In a word, Huangdi systematically combed and perfected the achievements of existing civilization, making him a master.

Leizu

Another important aspect of Zhuolu civilization is that the agriculture initiated by Emperor Yan, the medicine invented by Chiyou and the metal weapons all bear fruit in Zhuolu and become the civilized achievements of the Chinese nation. After the Battle of Zhuolu and the Battle of Hanquan, the Yellow Emperor accepted and digested the civilized achievements of these tribal alliances, made comprehensive innovations and raised them to a new level. Zhuolu civilization was founded by Huangdi, Yan Di and Chiyou. Huangdi, Yan Di and Chiyou are the three ancestors of Chinese civilization, and their achievements will go down in history forever.