? Jinhua Shuanglong Cave is a great travel note written by Mr. Ye Shengtao in his early years. According to the order of the tour, the article describes what he saw on the road, the scenery of the outer cave, what he saw and felt in the inner cave, and the situation of going out of the cave by boat. With rich and vivid language, it shows readers the wonders of nature and makes people feel immersive when reading.
First, the name of Ye Shengtao
? Ye Shengtao (1894— 1988) was born in guanxian, Jiangsu. He began to write during the May 4th Movement, with many works. Famous short stories include The Diaphragm and The City, novels include Ni Huanzhi and fairy tales include The Scarecrow. 1957, when he was over 60 years old, he visited Shuanglong Cave and Hubing Cave in Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, and wrote a travel book "Two Caves in Jinhua", the text bytes of which were selected from this travel book. The original text is now collected in Ye Shengtao's prose collection Ten Records, and interested students can find it to read.
Ye Shengtao, formerly known as Ye, is a famous educator and literary master in China. Why didn't he use the word "Shengtao" instead of his real name? This is closely related to his experiences as a teenager.
? Ye Shengtao was very clever when he was a child. He was admitted to Suzhou Wu Yuan Public Primary School at the age of 12. At that time, the Qing government was about to collapse, and warlords around the country were in melee, which was a dilapidated scene. Ye Shengtao was saddened, and it became his ambition to strengthen the country and save the country. He asked Mr. Zhang to speak for himself. Mr. Zhang said with emotion, "It's your name. There is a poem that says' Bingguo', so the word is called' Bingguo'." And educate him to love his country and his hometown and encourage him to be familiar with history and geography. Soon after, the Manchu government collapsed, and Ye Shengtao found Mr. Zhang again: "The Qing Dynasty has fallen, and the emperor is gone. I still shouldn't be a courtier. " Mr. Wang smiled and said, "Your name is, and there is a poem that says' Everything in St. Tao Jun', so change it to' Shengtao'." Ye Shengtao came back with satisfaction.
? Since then, Ye has published an article in the magazine under the name of "Sheng Tao". He combined the two surnames "Ye" and "Shengtao" into one, forming the later name "Ye Shengtao". Ye Shengtao's position in the literary world is extraordinary. Mention these three words, and a kind old man will appear in people's hearts. He is persuasive and devoted to teaching and educating people. The word "Ye Shengtao" is well-known at home and abroad, and its fame has already surpassed the original name "Ye Shao Jun", which is also the charm of the pen name.
2. How are caves and their peculiar landscapes formed?
? Jinhua Shuanglong Cave is one of the three caves in Beishan, Jinhua City, Zhejiang Province. Because there are faucet-like stalactites hanging on both sides of the cave, it is called Shuanglong Cave. Shuanglong Cave is an outer cave and an inner cave, the outer cave is about 65438 0.200 square meters, the spring water in the cave is clear, and the temperature in the cave is about 65438 0.5 degrees Celsius all the year round. The inner cave is about 2 100 square meter, covered with stalactites of various shapes. There is a waterway between the inner and outer caves.
? Karst caves are varied and colorful, showing the ingenuity of nature, but do you know how karst caves are formed? There are various stalactites, stone pillars and stalagmites in the cave. Do you know their main ingredients?
? Karst cave is an underground space formed by karstification of soluble rock, which is the result of long-term dissolution of groundwater in limestone area. One of the main components of limestone is calcium carbonate, which is a water-insoluble solid. When it reacts with water and carbon dioxide, it becomes calcium bicarbonate. Calcium bicarbonate is a salt, which is easily soluble in water, so it will be corroded. In nature, groundwater and rainwater dissolved with carbon dioxide have eroded limestone layers for a long time, gradually forming caves, and limestone has also been "carved" into various shapes by water.
? Groundwater plays a decisive role in the formation of stalactites and stalagmites. Calcium bicarbonate is stable below zero degrees Celsius and easy to decompose at room temperature. When the water with dissolved calcium bicarbonate drips from the top of the cave to the bottom of the cave, due to the change of environment, the dissolved calcium bicarbonate will decompose into calcium carbonate, and the insoluble calcium carbonate will gradually precipitate, forming drooping stalactites at the top of the cave. Calcium carbonate drops to the bottom of the cave and accumulates upwards, which will form stalagmites; When stalactites and stalagmites are integrated, strange stone pillars will be formed.
? China is one of the famous developed countries of soluble bedrock in the world. Famous caves include Guilin Cave, Shihua Cave in Beijing, Dragon Palace in Meishan, Hunan, Tenglong Cave in Hubei and Shuanghe Cave in Guizhou. Among them, the latest detection results of 20 18 show that the length of Shuanghe Cave in Guizhou is 238.48 kilometers, ranking first in Asia and sixth in the world.
? Cave is an outstanding nature, and the formation of stalactites and stalagmites often takes tens of thousands or even hundreds of thousands of years. Therefore, we should cherish and protect them, and we can't damage them while visiting.
Third, from the lampstand to the kerosene lamp.
? When you were a child, you must have heard and seen the children's song "Little mouse, go up to the lampstand and steal oil to eat, but you can't come down". The "lampstand" in this nursery rhyme is similar to a candlestick. It is an ancient indoor lighting appliance with diverse materials and different shapes. There is a small table for candles, lamp oil and other lighting items. After many years of use, kerosene lamps appeared. This kind of lamp has a narrow waist and a big belly, and looks like a gourd. The lamp holder looks like a toad's mouth, and a small wick stands on the lamp holder. People inject kerosene and light it with matches, and the room will be bright. Kerosene lamp, an ancient lighting tool, is far away from our life now, but in the past, it was a necessity for every household.
? In the late Qing Dynasty, kerosene lamps were introduced into China. This kind of lamp looks beautiful, uses advanced fuel and burns in a scientific way. Its brightness is many times that of the old oil lamp, which suddenly attracted the attention of China people. Kerosene lamps were once in short supply. Some foreign oil companies use kerosene lamps as a stepping stone to sell their petroleum products to the people of China.
? In the early days of the People's Republic of China and the 1960s and 1970s, kerosene lamps were widely used in areas without electricity. The kerosene lamp flickered in the breeze, and the light jumped up and down, so it didn't shine far. Children can only sit around the lamp, read books and do their homework under the light. At this time, mothers will also pat their soles or mend their clothes by light.
? Before the popularization of electric light, kerosene lamp was one of the main lighting equipment. Although kerosene lamps are easy to emit black smoke after being lit, it completely ended the history of using lampstands in China. The jumping lights not only illuminate the lives of countless people, but also illuminate a vicissitudes of life.