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1. New Year's Eve
New Year's Eve, also known as New Year's Eve, New Year's Eve, New Year's Eve, New Year's Eve and so on. It is the last night of the twelfth lunar month every year. In addition, it means to remove; Night means night. New Year's Eve is also a festival to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new, start over and renew everything. Tomb-Sweeping Day, Mid-Autumn Festival and Double Ninth Festival are traditional festivals for ancestor worship in China, as well as traditional cultural festivals popular in various countries in the cultural circle of Chinese characters.
New Year's Eve usually falls on the 29th or 30th day of the twelfth lunar month, so it is also called New Year's Eve, which is one of the most important traditional festivals in China. People attach great importance to it. Every household is busy cleaning the courtyard, welcoming ancestors home for the New Year, and offering sacrifices with rice cakes and three sacrifices.
The last day of the Lunar New Year is called "New Year's Eve" and that night is called "New Year's Eve". Since ancient times, on New Year's Eve, there have been customs such as staying up all night, sticking to the door, putting up Spring Festival couplets, putting up New Year pictures and hanging lanterns. It has been circulated for a long time and influenced by China culture. New Year's Eve is also a traditional festival for overseas Chinese in countries with Chinese cultural circles and all over the world.
In 2007, according to national holidays and anniversaries, New Year's Eve officially became a legal holiday in China. In 20 14, New Year's Eve was adjusted according to the State Council's decision to amend national legal holidays and anniversaries, and it was no longer a legal holiday in China.
2. Spring Festival
Spring Festival, one of the four traditional festivals in China, is the traditional Lunar New Year. The Spring Festival is usually called "the festival of the year". Its traditional names are New Year, New Year, God, New Year, and it is also called "New Year" and "Happy New Year" verbally. People in China have celebrated the Spring Festival for at least 4000 years. In the folk, the Spring Festival in the old traditional sense refers to the sacrificial furnace from the 23rd or 23rd or 24th of the twelfth lunar month in La Worship to the 19th of the first month. In modern times, people set the Spring Festival on the first day of the first lunar month, but it generally doesn't end until the fifteenth day of the first lunar month (Shangyuan Festival).
During the Spring Festival, the Han nationality and some ethnic minorities in China will hold various celebrations. These activities are mainly to worship the gods, ancestors, bid farewell to the old and welcome the new, and pray for a bumper harvest. Rich and colorful forms, with strong national characteristics. Influenced by China culture, some countries and nationalities belonging to the Chinese character cultural circle also have the custom of Spring Festival.
The Spring Festival is a happy and peaceful festival, and it is also a day for family reunion. During the Spring Festival, people try to go home and reunite with their loved ones. On this festival, relatives and friends visit New Year to express their feelings for relatives and friends and their good wishes for the new year.
The Spring Festival is the most solemn traditional festival of the Chinese nation, and it is also an important carrier for China people to release their emotions and satisfy their psychological demands. It is also the annual carnival and eternal spiritual pillar of the Chinese nation. Spring Festival, Tomb-Sweeping Day, Dragon Boat Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival are also called the four traditional festivals in China. The folk custom of "Spring Festival" was approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list? .
3. Lantern Festival
Lantern Festival, also known as Shangyuan Festival, Xiaoyuanyuan Festival, Yuanxi Festival or Lantern Festival, is the 15th day of the first lunar month and the last important festival of China Spring Festival. Lantern Festival is one of the traditional festivals in China, Chinese character cultural circle and overseas Chinese. The first month is the first month of the lunar calendar. The ancients called "night", so the fifteenth day of the first full moon in a year was called Lantern Festival.
In the ancient customs of China, Shangyuan Festival (Tianguan Festival), Zhongyuan Festival (Diguan Festival, Yulan Festival) and Xiayuan Festival (Shuiguan Festival) are collectively called Sanyuan Festival. The formation of Lantern Festival custom has a long process. According to general data and folklore, the fifteenth day of the first month was paid attention to in the Western Han Dynasty. On the night of the first month, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty offered sacrifices to "Taiyi" in Ganquan Palace, which was regarded by later generations as the first sacrifice to the gods on the fifteenth day of the first month. However, the Lantern Festival on the fifteenth day of the first month is indeed a folk festival after the Han and Wei Dynasties. ?
Since ancient times, the custom of Lantern Festival has been based on the warm and festive custom of watching lanterns. Traditional customs include going out to enjoy the moon, lighting lanterns and setting off flames, liking solve riddles on the lanterns, eating Yuanxiao and pulling rabbit lanterns. In addition, in many places, traditional folk performances, such as playing dragon lanterns, playing lions, walking on stilts, boating, yangko dancing and playing Taiping drums, have all joined the Lantern Festival.
In June 2008, the Lantern Festival was selected as the second batch of national intangible cultural heritage.
4. Cold Food Festival
Cold Food Festival: 105 Summer to the future, one or two days before Tomb-Sweeping Day. When the first day of the day is a holiday, smoking is forbidden and only cold food is eaten. In the development of later generations, the customs of sweeping, climbing, swinging, cuju, crochet and cockfighting were gradually increased. The Cold Food Festival lasted for more than 2,000 years and was once called the largest folk festival in China. Cold Food Festival is the only traditional festival named after food customs in China.
The origin of the Cold Food Festival, according to historical records: During the Spring and Autumn Period, Zhong Er, the son of the State of Jin, fled to other countries and lived in exile for 19 years. Minister Jiezitui always followed around and never gave up; Even "cutting stocks." Zhong Er tried to become a famous monarch "Jin Wengong". But meson tui didn't want to make a fortune, so he lived in seclusion with his mother in Mianshan. Jin Wengong ordered the release of Yamakaji to force him out of the mountain, but meson was determined not to go out of the mountain and eventually died in a fire. Jin Wengong remembered his loyalty, buried him in Mianshan, built a shrine and a temple, and ordered the prohibition of cold food on the day of Jiexiu to express his grief. This is the origin of the "Cold Food Festival".
Before the calendar reform in Tang Ruowang in the early Qing Dynasty, Tomb-Sweeping Day was scheduled for two days after the Cold Food Festival. After the reform of the Tang family, the Cold Food Festival was held the day before Tomb-Sweeping Day. The definition of the modern twenty-four solar terms follows that of the Tang Dynasty, so the Cold Food Festival is the day before Tomb-Sweeping Day.
From the Spring and Autumn Period to the present, the Cold Food Festival has a history of more than 2,600 years. The story took place in Shanxi, China, and was set as the day before Tomb-Sweeping Day. On this day, the custom of eating cold food, offering sacrifices and having an outing has been handed down and accepted by the whole country. With the passage of time, the Cold Food Festival has quietly merged into Tomb-Sweeping Day, and the feudal foolish loyalty thought represented by meson tui has also sunk into the long river of history. The people's praise for loyalty, integrity and political clarity represented by cold food has been like this for thousands of years.
5. Tomb-Sweeping Day
Tomb-Sweeping Day, also known as the outing festival, is at the turn of mid-spring and late spring. Tomb-Sweeping Day is a traditional festival in China, and it is also one of the most important sacrificial festivals. It is a day to sweep graves and worship ancestors. Tomb-Sweeping Day is a traditional festival of the Chinese nation, which started in the Zhou Dynasty and has a history of more than 2,500 years. Through historical development and evolution, Tomb-Sweeping Day has extremely rich connotations, and different customs have been formed in different places, with the basic theme of sweeping graves and worshipping ancestors for an outing? [ 1]。
The name of Tomb-Sweeping Day is related to the meteorological and climatic characteristics at this time. According to the Western Han Dynasty's "Huainanzi Astronomical Training", "Fifteen days after the vernal equinox, fighting refers to B, the wind is clear"; "Qingming Wind" is a refreshing and clear wind. "When I was in 100 questions" said, "Everything grows at this time, clean and bright. So it is called Qingming. " "Almanac": "On the fifteenth day after the vernal equinox, the bucket refers to Ding, which is used for Qingming, when everything is clean and bright, and when it is covered, everything is clean and bright, hence the name." As soon as Qingming arrives, the temperature rises and the earth presents a beautiful scene of spring. At this time, everything "spits out the old and absorbs the new".
Tomb-Sweeping Day is one of the important "eight festivals a year" in China. Generally, it is around April 5 of the Gregorian calendar, and the festival is very long. There are two sayings: 8 days before 10 and 10 days before 10, and these 20 days belong to Tomb-Sweeping Day. Tomb-Sweeping Day originally meant grave-sweeping day, and the government of the Republic of China designated 15 days after the vernal equinox in 935 as a national holiday, also known as the national grave-sweeping day. Tomb-Sweeping Day, Dragon Boat Festival, Spring Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival are also called the four traditional festivals in China. On May 20th, 2006, with the approval of the State Council, Tomb-Sweeping Day announced by the Ministry of Culture of China was included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list.
Extended data:
The traditional festivals in China are diverse in form and rich in content, and they are an integral part of the long history and culture of the Chinese nation. The formation of traditional festivals is a process of long-term accumulation and cohesion of national or national history and culture.
Most of these festivals in ancient China were related to primitive beliefs, astronomical phenology, calendars, mathematics and the solar terms divided later. Traditional festivals in China, developed from ancient ancestors, clearly record the rich and colorful social life and cultural content of the Chinese nation, and are unique to the Chinese nation.
Traditional festivals in China include New Year's Eve (the last day of the twelfth lunar month), Spring Festival (the first day of the first month), Lantern Festival (the fifteenth day of the first month), Cold Food Festival (the day before Tomb-Sweeping Day), Tomb-Sweeping Day (the solar calendar: around April 5th), Shangsi Festival (March 3rd), Dragon Boat Festival (May 5th) and Chinese Valentine's Day (July 7th). ? [2]?
In addition, the 24 solar terms are also traditional festivals in China. Such as: Cold Food Festival, Tomb-Sweeping Day, beginning of spring, Changchun, beginning of autumn, beginning of winter, winter solstice, etc. Among the 24 solar terms, these festivals also have very important traditional cultural customs.
In addition, the ethnic minorities in China have their own traditional festivals, such as the Water-splashing Festival of the Dai nationality, the Nadam Festival of the Mongolian nationality, the Torch Festival of the Yi nationality, the Danu Festival of the Yao nationality, the March Street of the Bai nationality, the Gewei of the Zhuang nationality, the Tibetan calendar year and the Guowang Festival, and the jump flower festival of the Miao nationality.
References:
China Traditional Festival _ Baidu Encyclopedia?
Spring Festival (one of the four traditional festivals in China)
_ Baidu Encyclopedia New Year's Eve (China traditional festival)
_ Baidu Encyclopedia Lantern Festival (China traditional festival) _
Baidu encyclopedia cold food festival
_ Baidu Encyclopedia Tomb-Sweeping Day (a traditional festival of the Chinese nation)