Sad Qin and Han dynasties, ten thousand palaces have been made of earth. Xing, the people suffer; Death, people suffer! Ancient poetry in junior high school, ancient poetry in senior high school, nostalgic translation, sympathetic translation, annotation translation
The peaks (of Huashan) gather from all directions, and the waves (of the Yellow River) are furious. There is the Yellow River outside Tongguan and Huashan Mountain inside. The mountains and rivers are magnificent and the terrain is dangerous. Looking into the ancient capital Chang 'an, I was lost in thought.
Passing through the ruins of the palaces of Qin and Han Dynasties has caused infinite sadness, and thousands of palaces have already turned into dust. Once prosperous, the people suffered; Once destroyed, people are still suffering.
Appreciation of Creation Background This song is the masterpiece of Zhang in his later years, and it is also the masterpiece of the perfect combination of ideology and artistry of Yuan Sanqu. In Trang Van Yuefu, his collection of Sanqu, there are seven topics and nine homesick poems with the theme of "sheep on the hillside", among which Tongguan homesickness is the most melancholy and colorful.
The whole song is divided into three layers: the first layer (the first three sentences) describes the grandeur and danger of Tongguan. When Zhang Yanghao passed through Tongguan, he saw the scene of "the peaks and mountains are like gathering, and the waves are like anger". This floor describes the scenery of Tongguan strongly and vividly. The first sentence is about mountains and peaks, and there are many mountains around Tongguan. The word "home" makes readers see the trend that Huashan is in front of them and the mountains stand tall. Because of the dangerous terrain, it was a battleground for ancient strategists. Yamamoto is still the same, "like chrysanthemum" turns from static to dynamic, and a word "chrysanthemum" shows the numerous and dynamic peaks. The second sentence is about the surging Yellow River, and the water of the Yellow River outside Tongguan is surging. The word "anger" makes readers' ears resound with endless running water. The Yellow River is lifeless, and "anger" endows the river with human emotions and will. The word "anger" describes the surging waves. The word "anger" also personifies the river, and the word "anger" is injected into the poet's grief over the past and the grief and indignation caused by hurting the present. Moved by this scene, the third sentence says that Xuanguan is located in a cold place surrounded by mountains and the Yellow River. The feeling that "Tongguan Road is inside and outside the mountains and rivers" arises spontaneously. At this point, a glimpse of Tongguan's majestic momentum. Such a dangerous place implies that Tongguan is a battleground for military strategists in past dynasties, which also leads to the following feelings.
The second layer (4 17 sentences) describes what the writer saw and felt when passing through Tongguan, mainly describing the deep feelings arising from the ruins of Wan Palace in Chang 'an, Guanzhong. In the fourth and fifth issues, the author looks at the ancient capital Chang 'an from afar, wandering around historical sites, and has a lot of thoughts, which is difficult to calm down. "Looking at the western capital, I am hesitant." The writer looked far away in Malaysia and was filled with emotion. The writer lives in Tongguan, looking to the west at Chang 'an, the old capital of the old dynasty, and to the west at Chang 'an, which is not only the capital of Qin and Han Dynasties, but also the capital of Wei, Jin, Sui and Tang Dynasties. As the ancient capital of the Six Dynasties, it is so prosperous. The luxury of the past has long since vanished, leaving only a dilapidated scene, which makes the poet sad. It used to be the capital of several dynasties, and its prosperity was recorded in ancient books, but now there is only desolation in front of you, and thousands of flavors come to mind. In retrospect, the Qin family was not as big as the mid-Han Dynasty, and the scale was grand and the mountains and valleys were criss-crossed. But now the palace of worshipping beauty is gone, and he can't help but feel deeply about this mission. The sixth and seventh sentences, "Sadness lies in the Qin and Han Dynasties, and the palaces of each dynasty made dirt", point out the reasons for infinite sadness. "The palace is completely destroyed" is a true portrayal of the process from prosperity to decline, which makes people "sad". It seems that this layer only reviews history and does not directly mention war. However, the tragic picture of the war of regime change is shocking. This paper summarizes the ups and downs of imperial industries in past dynasties. Here, the author's "sadness" in the face of the ruins after the prosperity is really sad. Sadly for the rulers of the Qin and Han Dynasties, I am afraid that "all palaces have been made of clay" (Sanfu Huang Tu): "Epang Palace, also known as Acheng. King Huiwen died before he built the palace. The first emperor expanded the palace, covering an area of more than 300 miles. Out of the Forbidden City, Mishan crossed the valley, and the roads returned to each other. Pavilion Road leads to Lishan for more than 800 miles. " Later, Xiang Yu led the troops to slaughter Xianyang in the west. "Burning Qin Gong will not go out in March." See Historical Records Biography of Xiang Yu. So: "A Fang is the torch". ) this kind of situation is what they never thought! It is also the sorrow of the people. A palace in the Qin and Han Dynasties, a palace, condensed the blood and sweat of countless people all over the world. Just like the Qin and Han dynasties, in order to show the glory of an era, they concentrated on shaping the buildings of Afangshan and Weiyang, but they turned to scorched earth with the demise of Qin and Han dynasties. The glorious past was followed by the change of dynasties, and the people were miserable in the war. This situation makes the author say that the third layer is "prosperity, people suffer;" Death, the people suffer "this sentence has been passed down through the ages.
On the third floor (the last four sentences), the chief writer felt deeply: in history, no matter which dynasty, whether prosperous or declining, people always suffered. The rise of a dynasty will inevitably lead to great construction and luxury palaces, which will bring great disasters to the people; When a dynasty dies, it is the people who suffer in the war. He pointed out that the rise and fall of dynasties brought disasters and sufferings to the people. This is the author's conclusion from the history of the rise and fall of emperors in previous dynasties. The three meanings are interlocking, the layers are deep, the thoughts are more and more open, and the feelings are more and more intense, forming a seamless whole. Throughout the song, there are scenes in Tibetan feelings and scenes blend.
Xing, the people suffer; Death makes people suffer. "It is the crowning touch of the whole song and the development and deepening of the theme of the whole song. If the meaning of this piece of music only stays on "all the palaces and palaces are made of dust", then it only promotes the Buddhist thought of "everything is empty", and other ancient poems (and "Luoyang Nostalgia") are not long! Name, not long! " Chen Cao' an's "Mountain Sheep Sigh the World" "Xing, also let him; Let him die. " "Li Mountain Nostalgia" "Win or lose, all become dung; If you lose, you will become soil. " Zhao Qingshan's "Chang 'an Nostalgia" "Mountain, empty from sorrow; The river is empty and flows by itself. "And Yang Shen's" Linjiang Xian "theme is not much different. While denying history, it also denies a positive attitude towards life. It is precisely because of the last two sentences that the realm of this song is much higher than other works with the same theme. The value of this song lies in its profound humanistic concern and deep sympathy and concern for the suffering of ordinary people.
"Death is painful" is easy to understand. At the time of the demise of the dynasty, wars were frequent and the people were in dire straits. The reason for saying "prosperous times, the people are in poverty" is that the "prosperous times" of the dynasty will build a lot of buildings and plunder the people's fat paste, and the people will be miserable. For example, when the Qin Dynasty rose, the people suffered a lot by building the Great Wall, clearing the way and building official offices. The phrase "being rich makes people suffer" is a profound and warning policy, which is not made by people. Prosperity leads to great construction, and death leads to war and disaster. Regardless of "life" or "death", it is the common people who suffer. Summary: this poem is concise in language, vivid in image and well-known, and it is a masterpiece in the whole Yuan Sanqu.
The summary of history in Tongguan Nostalgia clearly refers to the real life of the Yuan Dynasty: Nostalgia is actually hurting the present, and heaviness is actually a responsibility. This complex feeling can only be understood by combining the writer's life experience. Zhang's special official experience determines that there is a homesickness in his Sanqu. "Li Mountain Nostalgia" wrote, "If you win, you will do something; If you lose, you will do the soil. " "Luoyang Galand" wrote that "the work is not long; The name is not long. " In "Nostalgia of North Mangshan Mountain", it is written that "even the monarch is not called; Even ministers should not be called. " In these songs, Zhang sees the number of winners and losers, the division of fame and fortune, and the moment of life and death equally, but only tells the story of wealth and impermanence and life like a dream through ancient events. Only "Tongguan Nostalgia" reveals an irrefutable truth of feudal society with a rare heavy and profound vision: "Xing, the people suffer; When you die, the people suffer. "
In writing, the author adopts the method of step by step, from writing the scenery to recalling the past, and then causing discussion, which perfectly combines boundless scenery, deep emotion and careful discussion, making this poem have a strong appeal. There are historical vicissitudes and a sense of the times between the lines, which not only have the characteristics of homesick poems, but also have a unique depressed style.
Zhang (1269— 1329), a native of Jinan, Shandong Province, was a famous essayist in Yuan Dynasty. He is good at poetry and prose and is famous for his Sanqu. Representative works include "Goat Tongguan Nostalgia" and so on. Zhang
Look, how fast the Benma River runs to Xue Hai! And sand, from the desert, yellow flies to heaven. On the night of the ninth month, there was a cold wind blowing in the wheel tower and the valley, and the valley was full of broken boulders like pecking rice, which went down and forward with the wind. Despite the dust, the Tatar horse fat, the west of the Jinshan Mountain, and the gathering of smoke and dust, Oh, general of China's army, start your campaign! . Wear your armor all night and let your soldiers March with rumbling weapons! And the sharp tip of the wind cuts his face like a knife. The sweat of snow evaporates on horseback, freezing the pattern of five-flowered coins, your challenge from the camp, and the ink bottle from the ice. It has cooled the heart of the barbarian leader, and you will no longer need a real battle! We are waiting for the news of victory in Xiguan! . -Journey to the West/Farewell to the Song of Walking the River by General Feng of the Western Expedition in Tang Dynasty/Farewell to the Song of Walking the River by General Feng of the Western Expedition.
Tang Dynasty: Cen Can
Look, how fast the Benma River runs to Xue Hai! And sand, from the desert, yellow flies to heaven.
On the night of the ninth month, there was a cold wind blowing in the wheel tower and the valley, and the valley was full of broken boulders like pecking rice, which went down and forward with the wind.
Despite the dust, the Tatar horse fat, the west of the Jinshan Mountain, and the gathering of smoke and dust, Oh, general of China's army, start your campaign! .
Wear your armor all night and let your soldiers March with rumbling weapons! And the sharp tip of the wind cuts his face like a knife.
The sweat of snow evaporates on horseback, freezing the pattern of five-flowered coins, your challenge from the camp, and the ink bottle from the ice.
It has cooled the heart of the barbarian leader, and you will no longer need a real battle! We are waiting for the news of victory in Xiguan! . ▲ 300 Tang poems and 300 ancient poems, frontier fortress, farewell, writing horses, praising soldiers long before I met her, but it took longer, because we separated, the east wind has risen and a hundred flowers are blooming. Silkworms in spring will weave until they die, and candles will drain the wick every night. In the morning, she saw her hair cloud changing in the mirror, but she bravely faced the cold of the moonlight with her evening song. There are not many roads to Pengshan. Oh, Bluebird, listen! -Give me what she said! . (Pengshan: Penglai)-Untitled time was earlier than when I met her, but it was longer than when we parted.
It was a long time ago that I met her, but since we separated, the time has become longer, the east wind is blowing and a hundred flowers are blooming.
Silkworms in spring will weave until they die, and candles will drain the wick every night.
In the morning, she saw her hair cloud changing in the mirror, but she bravely faced the cold of the moonlight with her evening song.
There are not many roads to Pengshan. Oh, Bluebird, listen! -Give me what she said! . (Pengshan's first work: Penglai) There are 300 Tang poems, including China's ancient poems, love poems and missing early childhood poems. Outside the post station 100, the bridge was broken, and there was no loneliness. Twilight arrival, plum blossom is helpless, already exhausted, but also subject to wind and rain. Plum blossoms don't want to compete for blooming, and the envy and rejection of flowers don't care. Even after autumn, when it is ground into dirt and turned into dust, plum blossoms still emit fragrance as usual. -Song Luyou's "Bu Operator Yongmei" Bu Operator Yongmei
Outside the bridge, the plum blossoms are lonely, no matter what. Twilight arrival, plum blossom is helpless, already exhausted, but also subject to wind and rain.
Plum blossoms don't want to compete for blooming, and the envy and rejection of flowers don't care. Even after autumn, when it is ground into dirt and turned into dust, plum blossoms still emit fragrance as usual. There are 300 Song Ci poems, selected Song Ci poems, China's ancient poems, chanting things and expressing the ambition of plum blossoms.