Recently, the red, yellow and blue kindergarten incident has caused a lot of noise.
The Beijing police issued a notice saying that the teacher involved, Liu Moumou, had been criminally detained according to law. The director involved has also been fired. The national special supervision and inspection of kindergartens urgently deployed in the State Council has also begun.
It is not too late to believe that the facts will continue to be published. However, from a deeper perspective, the frequent incidents of corporal punishment and child abuse in kindergartens in recent years have sounded the alarm for our preschool education industry. Rome wasn't built in a day. The deep-seated institutional reasons and historical debts are the lessons we should learn from these events and the incision of reform.
In this regard, WeChat official accounts "Tiger Sniff Network" and "Wisdom Valley Trend" published articles respectively to analyze the reality of the current preschool education industry, so that we can think and care about the future of China children together.
crack
In recent years, many things have happened in kindergartens. According to incomplete statistics, from 20 12 to 12, there have been 6 incidents of child abuse in kindergartens reported by media in Beijing and Guangdong. There are 5 cases in Zhejiang and Henan, 4 cases in Hebei and 4 cases in Fujian ... Among them, the common forms of abuse are corporal punishment, beatings and needles.
According to statistics, in 20 16, there were 44138,600 kindergarten children in China. During the five years from 20 1 1 to 20 16, there were 9.9 million more children in kindergartens nationwide.
Correspondingly, the total number of teaching staff in kindergartens in China is only 38 1.8 million, and the ratio of teaching staff to children is about 1: 1.2. In other words, a preschool teacher has to face 12 children. However, if only the ratio of full-time teachers (the latest data released by the Ministry of Education is 2.232 million) to children is calculated, it is even lower, which is 19.8: 1. In other words, a well-trained kindergarten teacher in China has to face 20 children.
What is this concept?
According to the Kindergarten Staffing Standard (Provisional) issued by the Ministry of Education on 20 13, the ratio of full-time kindergarten staff to children should reach 1:5 to 1:7.
Taking the target of 1:7 as an example, China needs to add 2.488 million preschool educators, which is almost the sum of preschool education students in China 1 1 year.
1 1 The total number of preschool education students trained every year can hardly meet the current basic needs.
Moreover, with the liberalization of the national two-child policy, China will usher in a new wave of baby births.
In 20 16 years, the number of newborn babies in China was18.46 million. In the next 5- 10 years, there will be an annual increase of17-20 million newborns in China. According to the annual increase of18.5 million and the annual mortality rate of children under 5 years old of 8‰, by 2022, the number of children aged 0-6 in China will reach 654.38+28 million, and the number of children in the park will reach 49.55 million according to the gross enrollment rate of 90%.
If the status quo does not change, the problem of imbalance between children and kindergarten teachers in China will become more and more serious.
doorsill
Compared with other countries, the entry threshold for kindergarten teachers in China is lower.
According to the Regulations on Kindergarten Work and the Regulations on Teachers' Qualification issued by the Ministry of Education, the education level of kindergarten directors and teachers only needs to be above junior college, while that of nurses needs to be above high school.
By the end of 2009, the number of students majoring in preschool education at all levels in China was 209,626, of which undergraduates accounted for only 3. 1%, junior college students accounted for 8.8%, and secondary school students accounted for the most, reaching184,662, accounting for 88. 1%.
As can be seen from the above figure, in 20 16, the proportion of kindergarten teachers with bachelor's degree in Shanghai was the highest, reaching nearly 70%, and graduates below high school stage were completely excluded. However, in several provinces, more than 20% kindergarten teachers graduated from high school.
At the same time, some market-oriented kindergartens now have high admission fees, but kindergarten teachers are under great pressure and their wages are very low.
The survey shows that kindergarten teachers in China generally feel stressed and have low income. The main sources of stress are a lot of inspection and evaluation, as well as long hours of work. The daily working hours are 8 to 10 hour, and 22. 14% of kindergarten teachers say that the working hours are over 10 hour.
However, wages are not directly proportional to pressure. For example. In Huangzilan Kindergarten, the monthly tuition fee for children in ordinary classes is about 3,500 yuan, and the tuition fee for international classes is 4,800 yuan, excluding the tuition fee, meals, disposable items, etc. But the monthly salary of teachers here is only between 2000 and 3000.
According to the survey report released by MyCOS Research Institute, the monthly income of undergraduate students of "Early Childhood and Preschool Education" in 20 16 was 3,504 yuan, which was 872 yuan lower than the national average. Among the 20 16 graduates of higher vocational colleges, the monthly income of "Children and Preschool Education" after half a year is 2706 yuan, which is 893 yuan lower than the national average level of higher vocational colleges.
Compared with the low-end labor force in the city, this salary level has no advantage, nor can it make kindergarten teachers have a strong sense of identity with their work.
This is why in China, highly educated people always stay away from preschool education.
In the United States, the median annual salary of kindergarten teachers reaches $56,387; In Britain, the minimum wage for beginners is 65,438+8,000-22,000, and for experienced practitioners it can reach more than 30,000. Japan is 3 million? 3.5 million yen.
difficult position
The high pressure and low salary, to some extent, stifle the professional standards that kindergarten teachers should have in their work. And this problem has a long history.
According to the survey data, in 1987, the research group of "Adapting to the reality of China and improving the quality of children" of the State Education Commission conducted a survey on 1000 kindergarten teachers and 20,000 children in ten provinces and cities. 34.3% of urban kindergarten teachers clearly answered "generally like children", and 3.26% directly said "don't like children".
During the period of 1993, the research group of "Current Moral Enlightenment Education for Children in China" conducted an anonymous survey on 964 kindergarten teachers in six provinces and cities. 3 1% of kindergarten teachers said, "I just can't love some children, and some are annoying."
20 16 Some scholars conducted a survey on 78 preschool teachers in Y city. As a result, 34% of pre-school teachers said that they could not fully accept their children's naughty appearance, and even got angry and "did something without educational significance". In addition, 4% of preschool teachers think that children are "ignorant and evil".
The enthusiasm for work has faded, the psychology of "weariness of learning" has grown, a large number of professional talents have been lost, and the contradiction between supply and demand of kindergarten teachers is imminent. At this time, a large number of "kindergarten teachers" without teacher qualifications entered the kindergarten gate.
Although the state stipulates that teachers must have a teacher qualification certificate before they can engage in the education industry, from the current statistical data, it is very common for kindergarten teachers to "work without a license".
According to the report released on 20 15, the proportion of in-service teachers with pre-school education qualification certificate is 6 1%, the proportion of non-kindergarten teachers is 17%, and the proportion of undocumented teachers is 22%, which is even more serious in rural areas, reaching as high as 44%.
As we all know, the profession of kindergarten teachers requires practitioners to have different tolerance and handling ability to noise, crying, irrational behavior and disorderly scenes. How high is this threshold? Anyone who has scolded "Xiong Haizi" on the Internet knows it clearly.
But in the face of a large number of children entering the park, these requirements seem very low.
use for reference
We might as well look at the situation of early childhood education in other countries.
In foreign countries, the qualifications of kindergarten teachers are very strict.
In America, kindergarten teachers need a bachelor's degree or above. If they want to engage in preschool education after graduating from junior college, they need to complete all the courses of preschool education and get all the certificates before they can take up their posts. What courses do you need to take? Brain research and linguistic theory, child psychology, electronic teaching ...
Moreover, in terms of skill requirements, one word has been repeatedly emphasized: "love", love children and love your work.
American states also have different requirements. Let's take California with the largest number of Chinese as an example. California divides kindergarten teachers into three grades: teacher ability test, kindergarten teacher assistant and kindergarten teacher. The grades are also improving step by step, and the requirements for academic qualifications and elective courses are also improving step by step.
Britain, another country that attaches importance to early childhood education, requires candidates to complete the training course for junior teachers of early childhood education. The requirements of the British government will be different for candidates with different work calendars.
In Japan, kindergarten teachers are a profession with high social status and good treatment. Japanese kindergarten teachers are educational civil servants. They should not only have general teaching skills, but also have profound professional knowledge and broad theoretical basis. The employment rate is very small, and only a few people have the opportunity to work as kindergarten teachers after graduation.
In order to standardize the management of kindergarten teachers and ensure the quality of kindergarten teachers, the relevant Japanese laws stipulate that only those who hold the qualification certificate of kindergarten teachers are qualified to become kindergarten teachers. To obtain the qualification certificate, you must have a short-term university (a kind of Japanese women's vocational university) or a bachelor's degree or above, and then have the requirement of "quality improvement" in on-the-job training. If they don't behave well during their service, they are likely to be fired.
From this point of view, compared with foreign countries, our preschool education industry still has many shortcomings.
Some people say that the preschool education industry in China has been in debt for ten years. We believe that learning from the problems exposed in these years may not be a bad thing for the development of China's preschool education industry. I just hope that the lessons given to the government and society this time can be exchanged for the standardized operation and quality improvement of the industry and realized as soon as possible. Parents can't afford to wait, children can't afford to wait, and China's future can't afford to wait.