The Eight Banners System is a social organization system of Zhong Junmin, which was established by Nuerhachi, the great ancestor of Qing Dynasty, on the basis of Jurchen Niuguo System. In the twenty-ninth year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (160 1), four flags were built, namely yellow flag, blue flag, white flag and red flag. In the forty-three years of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (16 15), four flags were added, called yellow flag, blue flag, red flag and white flag. Let 300 people be one cow, five cows be one armor, and five armor be one Gushan (Gushan is the flag). Manchu people are divided into different flags according to the Eight Banners system, which are produced in peacetime and collected in wartime. When it was first built, it not only played an important role in the military, but also had administrative and production functions. After the reunification of the Qing Dynasty, Emperor Taizong and Huang Taiji established the Eight Banners of the Han Army and the Eight Banners of Mongolia in order to strengthen the shackles of the banners, enhance the military function of the Eight Banners system, expand military strength and win the hearts of the people. Each flag has military camp, pioneer camp, Xiao Qi camp, Jianrui camp and infantry battalion, and is in charge of guards, ladders and disposal. In addition, special camps such as Li Xiangying, Tiger Gun Camp, Fireware Camp and Ji Shen Camp were set up to practice wrestling, archery, tiger stabbing and gun testing. Because the emperors in the early Qing Dynasty attached great importance to practical skills such as guns and martial arts, the Eight Banners Army achieved brilliant results in pacifying San Francisco and incorporating Taiwan Province Province to resist Russian aggression. The Eight Banners are divided into Beijing battalion and garrison battalion. Elite is the general name of the Eight Banners Army guarding the capital, which consists of Lang Wei and Wei Bing. Someone who guards the royal family. Lang Wei must be a flag bearer with three flags inlaid with yellow and white, such as the meridian gate of the Forbidden City, the East-West Huamen Gate and the Shenwumen Gate. Garrison refers to the Eight Banners stationed all over the country. There are about100000 soldiers in Beijing battalion, and about 65438+ 10000 troops are stationed.

Xianglanqi

In the east of Wulanchabu League in Inner Mongolia, it is one of the Eight Banners in Qing Dynasty. It was built in the 43rd year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (16 15), so it was named after the red flag. The blue flag is the last five flags, which are divided by the king, Baylor and Beizi. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, there were 87 model full auxiliary collars, half auxiliary collars 1 one, 27,000 soldiers, and the total population of men, women and children135,000. Mr. Hou, a famous performing artist, is a blue flag bearer.

Zhenglanqi

In today's south of Xilin Gol League in Inner Mongolia, the Lightning River runs through Hebei. One of the Eight Banners in Qing Dynasty. It was built in the 29th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (160 1), so it was named after its pure blue flag. Before Shunzhi, Zhenglan Banner was tied with Huang Zheng and Huangbian as the upper three flags. At the beginning of Shunzhi, it was reduced to the next five flags by Dourgen, and was no longer granted by the emperor, but was enfeoffed by the kings, Baylor and Beizi. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the model reached 83 full ranks, 1 1 half rank, with 26,000 soldiers and the total population of men, women and children130,000.

Xiang hongqi

In the east of Wulanchabu League in Inner Mongolia, it is one of the Eight Banners in Qing Dynasty. It was built in the 43rd year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (16 15), so it was named after the red and white flag. The red flag is one of the later five flags, which was divided by Wang, Baylor and Beizi. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the scale reached 86 full-rank leaders, 26,000 soldiers, and the total population of men, women and children was about 1.3 million. The favorite concubine of Emperor Guangxu in Qing Dynasty was a man whose red flag could not fail.

Zhenghongqi

In the east of Wulanchabu League in Inner Mongolia, it is one of the Eight Banners in Qing Dynasty. It was built in the 29th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (160 1), so it was named after the flag color was red and pure red. The front red flag is the next five flags, which are divided by the king, Baylor and Beizi. By the end of Qing Dynasty, it was the flag with the least population among the Eight Banners, with 74 generals and 23,000 soldiers. The total population of men, women and children is about 1 1.5 million, and the famous writer Lao She was originally a red flag. Xiao Shenyang, a corrupt official during the reign of Qing Qianlong, was also a red flag man.

Border yellow flag

In the southwest of Meng Le, Xilin Gol League in Inner Mongolia. One of the Eight Banners in Qing Dynasty. It was built in the 43rd year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (16 15), so it was named after the yellow edge of the flag. The yellow flag is one of the three flags, and there is no king in it. The soldiers are all the emperor's own soldiers, and the members of the Royal Guards are also selected from the upper three flags. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the scale reached 84 full auxiliary collars and 2 semi-auxiliary collars, with 26,000 soldiers and a total population of about 1.3 million. Many members of the Qing royal family were decorated with yellow flags, such as the little queen of Jiaqing Emperor, the imperial concubine of Qianlong, Cixi and Ci 'an (also known as the East Palace), and many senior officials of the imperial court were also from the Yellow Palace.

Zhenghuangqi

Named after the pure yellow flag color. The yellow flag, yellow flag and white flag are listed as the upper three flags. The upper three flags have no king, and all belong to the emperor's personal soldiers. The members of the Royal Guards are also selected from the upper three flags. By the end of the Qing Dynasty, it was the most populous one in Baqi Prefecture, with 92 full-auxiliary leaders, 2 semi-auxiliary leaders and about 30,000 soldiers. The total population of men, women and children was about 6.5438+0.5 million. Nalan Xingde, the favorite minister of Kangxi and the first-class bodyguard of Ganqingmen, is a native of Zhenghuangqi.

Xiangbaiqi

In the south of Xilin Gol League in Inner Mongolia, it is one of the Eight Banners in Qing Dynasty. It was built in the 43rd year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (16 15), so it was named after the flag with a white face and a red background. The white flag is one of the next five flags, which is not unified by the emperor, but by the king, Baylor and Beizi. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, there were 84 full-time commanders and 26,000 soldiers, and the total population of men, women and children was about 6.5438+0.3 million.

Zhengbaiqi

Located in the south of Xilin Gol League in Inner Mongolia, it is one of the Eight Banners in Qing Dynasty. In the 29th year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty (160 1), Nurhachi was first built and named after a pure white flag. Zhengbaiqi is one of the three banners in No.8 Middle School. Before Shunzhi, the first three flags did not have a blue flag and a white flag. At the beginning of Shunzhi, Dourgen incorporated the white flag into the first three flags and lowered the blue flag into the last five flags, which was later customized. Zhengbaiqi is one of the pro-unification factions of the emperor. There is no king in the flag, and the soldiers are the emperor's own soldiers, and the members of the royal family are selected from them. At the end of the Qing dynasty, there were 86 full-time commanders (100-300 basic household registration and military establishment), with about 26,000 soldiers, and the total population of men, women and children was about 130. Wanrong, the Queen of Twisting Dynasty in the late Qing Dynasty, was a native of Zhengbaiqi.