Also called "winter sting". The life activities of some animals are extremely reduced in winter, which is an adaptation of these animals to adverse external environmental conditions (such as lack of food and cold) in winter. Bats, hedgehogs and polar squirrels all have hibernation habits.
Hibernation is a "magic weapon" for warm-blooded animals to avoid the cold winter when food is scarce.
You see, when winter comes, the hedgehog will shrink into the mud hole, curl up into a ball, eat nothing, hardly breathe, and its heartbeat is surprisingly slow, jumping only 10~20 times per minute. If you soak in water, you won't die for half an hour, but a sober hedgehog will drown if you soak in water for 2~3 minutes. Why?
It turns out that when hibernating, the animal's nerves have entered a state of paralysis. Someone once experimented with bees. When the temperature is 7~9℃, the wings and feet of bees stop moving, but they can still shake slightly when touched lightly. When the temperature drops to 4~6℃, touch it again and it doesn't respond at all. Obviously, it has entered a state of deep paralysis. When the temperature drops to 0.5℃, it goes into a deeper sleep state. It can be seen that the depth of nerve paralysis during hibernation is closely related to temperature.
In addition, when hibernating, the body temperature of animals drops obviously. According to the research, during 130 days and nights of hibernation, the Citellus dauricus * * releases 70 calories, but after hibernation, it can release 579 calories during 13.7 days and nights. Generally speaking, an animal can only release 0.5 calories every day and night during hibernation, but when it wakes up excited, it can release 42 calories every day and night. It can be seen that when the body temperature of hibernating animals drops, the metabolism in the body becomes very slow and can only maintain life.
Animal subcutaneous fat, on the one hand, can maintain body temperature, and more importantly, it can supply internal friction during hibernation. The average weight of animals before hibernation is 1~2 times that of normal animals, and the weight gradually decreases after hibernation. For example, woodchucks that hibernate 163 days lose 35% weight; Bats can lose 33.5% weight by hibernating 162 days.
When animals hibernate, blood cells will be greatly reduced. Usually, there are 1 2180 white blood cells in the blood of1cubic millimeter woodchucks, but there are only 5950 white blood cells on average during hibernation. Strangely, however, although the white blood cells of the "guards" in the body are greatly reduced, the hibernating animals have never been found to be sick.
So why do animals go into hibernation at some time every year?
To this end, scientists have made a long-term exploration.
In summer, scientists draw blood from artificially hibernating weasels and inject it into the blood vessels of lively weasels. As a result, it soon went into a lethargic hibernation state as if it were anesthetized.
It seems that the blood of hibernating animals may contain a substance that can induce hibernation. The experiment also shows that the longer the animal hibernates, the stronger the role of its blood in inducing hibernation.
So, what is this hibernating substance?
According to research, it is a kind of granular substance existing in serum, which sometimes attaches to red blood cells, so that red blood cells can also induce hibernation.
Strangely, under normal circumstances, animals always reject foreign substances, except hibernating animals. Scientists took out the serum of hibernating marmots and injected it into the blood of weasels. Instead of refusing, the weasel fell asleep and went into hibernation.
The continuous exploration of scientists has brought new information. In the blood of animals, there is also a substance opposite to hibernation substance. When this substance reaches a certain amount in the blood, it will wake up hibernating animals.
In this way, when animals begin to hibernate depends not only on inducing substances, but also on the change of the ratio of inducing substances to anti-inducing substances. Scientists judge that hibernating animals may be "making" inducers all year round. After hibernation, anti-induction substances may be produced, and its output will rise linearly until spring blossoms. Only when the concentration of anti-inducer in blood is enough to control inducer can animals wake up from hibernation.
Today, the mystery of animal hibernation has not been completely solved, and the exploration continues. Scientists realize that studying animal hibernation is not only interesting, but also of great practical value in aerospace and medicine.
Wild hamsters, mice, squirrels, squirrels and bears should all hibernate.
But not as deep as cold-blooded animals.
Rats dig holes several meters deep underground, and store abundant grain in the granary. When the mountains are closed by heavy snow, they hide in the holes to eat, drink and sleep. Sleeping longer than exercising is called hibernation.
Mountain people have a tradition of digging mouse nests. That is, after the autumn harvest, in the slack season before winter, I went to the mountains to dig a squirrel's nest (called "beaver stick" by the villagers).
When there are many, you can dig out dozens of pounds of corn kernels. Hazelnuts can also be dug near the hazelnut forest, and the harvest is the most surprising (more than 30 yuan per catty of hazelnuts). Corn kernels are generally used to feed pigs, and people are afraid to eat them for fear of toxicity.
Bears hibernate by storing a lot of fat (claws) and then hiding in tree holes to sleep. But it is not absolutely impossible to get out.
So I think hamster hibernation is not just sleeping in summer. They must come out to eat, urinate and exercise. Because we can't provide it with a pure natural environment, it can't really hibernate.
2. Hibernation knowledge about animals
Some warm-blooded animals are inactive for a long time in winter and go to sleep with the decrease of body temperature and metabolic rate.
In winter, the life activities of some animals are extremely reduced, which is one of the adverse environmental conditions in winter (such as lack of food and cold).
Hibernating frog
An adaptation. Bats, hedgehogs and polar squirrels all have hibernation habits. Hibernation means that in some warm-blooded animals (mammals and birds), in the cold winter, the body temperature can be reduced to close to the ambient temperature (almost to 0℃), and the whole body is paralyzed. When the ambient temperature further decreases or increases to a certain extent, or other * * *, the body temperature can quickly return to normal level.
Hibernation is a "magic weapon" for warm-blooded animals to avoid the cold winter when food is scarce. You see, when winter comes, the hedgehog will shrink into the mud hole, curl up into a ball, eat nothing, hardly breathe, and its heartbeat is surprisingly slow, jumping only 10~20 times per minute. If you soak in water, you won't die for half an hour, but a sober hedgehog will drown if you soak in water for 2~3 minutes. Why?
When hibernating, the animal's nerves have entered a state of paralysis. Someone once experimented with bees. When the temperature is 7~9℃, the wings and feet of bees stop moving, but they can still shake slightly when touched lightly. When the temperature drops to 4~6℃, touch it again and it doesn't respond at all. Obviously, it has entered a state of deep paralysis. When the temperature drops to 0.5℃, it goes into a deeper sleep state. It can be seen that the depth of nerve paralysis during hibernation is closely related to temperature.
In addition, when hibernating, the body temperature of animals drops obviously. According to the research, during 130 days and nights of hibernation, the Citellus dauricus * * releases 70 calories, but after hibernation, it can release 579 calories during 13.7 days and nights. Generally speaking, an animal can only release 0.5 calories every day and night during hibernation, but when it wakes up excited, it can release 42 calories every day and night. It can be seen that when the body temperature of hibernating animals drops, the metabolism in the body becomes very slow and can only maintain life.
Animal subcutaneous fat, on the one hand, can maintain body temperature, and more importantly, it can supply internal friction during hibernation. The average weight of animals before hibernation is 1~2 times that of normal animals, and the weight gradually decreases after hibernation. For example, woodchucks that hibernate 163 days lose 35% weight; Bats can lose 33.5% weight by hibernating 162 days.
Hibernating animal
When animals hibernate, blood cells will be greatly reduced. Usually, there are 1 2180 white blood cells in the blood of1cubic millimeter woodchucks, but there are only 5950 white blood cells on average during hibernation. Strangely, however, although the white blood cells of the "guards" in the body are greatly reduced, the hibernating animals have never been found to be sick. So why do animals go into hibernation at some time every year?
Some kinds of mammals, such as monotremes, marsupials, insectivores, Chiroptera, rodents and primates, and some birds, such as brown swift and hummingbird, hibernate, so they are called hibernating animals. This animal is small in size and has a high metabolic rate. Compared with large warm-blooded animals, it consumes relatively more energy to maintain a constant body temperature. Animals such as bears and skunks will be paralyzed in winter, but their body temperature will not drop or drop a little, so they are called semi-hibernating animals. Thermotropic animals will be paralyzed in winter, but their body temperature will change passively with the ambient temperature. When the temperature drops below the tolerable temperature, they will not be awakened, but will freeze to death. This behavior is completely different from hibernation of warm-blooded animals. Call it dormant sleep.
The annual cycle of hibernating animals can be divided into non-hibernating season (breeding season) and hibernating season. Hedgehogs in Beijing go to bed at the end of March and breed immediately. After finishing breeding, they turn to fattening period, which is a non-hibernating season until 10. 65438+1October-March is the hibernation season. At this time, animals crouch, do not eat or drink, and the metabolic rate is minimized. In these two seasons, the physiological state of animals is very different, but they are interdependent. Fattening in the late non-hibernation season stores energy for hibernation. In the late hibernation season, gonads begin to develop, and animals can reproduce immediately after sleeping. The body temperature of hibernating animals is constant in non-hibernating season, but it changes in hibernating season. So they are called animals with different temperatures. In the non-hibernating season, its body temperature fluctuates between 2℃ and 5℃, while the temperature fluctuation of non-hibernating animals close to it is only about 0.5℃. In addition, hibernating animals have great tolerance to low temperature. The lethal hypothermia of humans is 29~26℃, and that of rats is 15~ 13℃, while hibernating animals can tolerate the low temperature close to 0℃ or even ultra-cold state. For example, bats can recover from freezing to -9℃, and their body temperature will rise to normal through automatic heat production. This is an important feature that distinguishes warm-blooded animals from warm-blooded animals or warm-blooded animals.
3. Kindergarten large class science teaching plan "How animals spend the winter"
When winter comes, children can observe what changes people have, but what changes do small animals have? Children are hard to see on the surface. The children found a problem while observing the little turtle in the natural corner. So in order to increase children's knowledge, I choose to be close to children's lives and start with children's interests. In order to enrich children's knowledge of various animals in winter, let children go home and collect information with their parents before the activity, and let children explore actively through games and other scenes on the basis of gaining experience, so as to intuitively understand and like to explore the ways of animals in winter.
In this activity, I also pay attention to children's subjectivity, respect their age characteristics and pay attention to their interests. When I asked, "How do weasels protect themselves when they are in danger?" At that time, Zhou Xu children smiled and said, "Fart stinks the animals, and then it runs away." The children laughed. In the activity, give children free time to discuss, encourage them to communicate boldly and share each other's happiness. In middle school, they really become the masters of activities, develop their thinking, enrich their knowledge and further expand their cognitive space. Judging from the performance of children in the learning process, children are indeed more active. During the activity, I showed some other small animals, let the children divide into groups, find good friends for them, put the pictures together with the small animals that have just wintered, and let them talk about their favorite small animals' wintering methods. Children dare to think and speak, show themselves and taste success.
Through the scientific activity of "How do animals spend the winter", I deeply feel that scientific activity is really a subject that can make children learn happily, increase their knowledge and cultivate their interest by combining with their actual activities. This activity also has many shortcomings. Teachers' knowledge of animals for winter is not rich enough. If this activity is shown to children in the form of courseware, children will receive and acquire knowledge through animation, and children will master it more solidly and better.
4. Kindergarten Science Teaching Plan "How Animals Spend the Winter"
How animals spend the winter is children's favorite scientific activity. We often say: once.
The beginning of scientific activities should come from children's existing experience, a scientific activity.
The end is not the real end, so children should have the possibility of further exploration.
Become the beginning of gaining experience. How animals spend the winter has aroused great interest among children.
Children are most likely to be interested in small animals with great interests, especially lively and lovely animals in activities.
Note that children in large classes can take the initiative to take care of animals and plants, with a certain score.
The ability of analysis and classification is inspired by understanding the way animals spend the winter in activities.
Children's desire to explore.
In the activities, I also pay attention to children's subjectivity and respect their age characteristics and interests. When I asked, "How do sika deer spend the winter?" At this time, Jason's child smiled and said, "It hid two ears and then hid." The children laughed. During the activity, children were given free time to discuss and encouraged to communicate boldly and share each other's happiness. Speaking of middle school, they really become the masters of activities, develop their thinking, enrich their knowledge and further expand their cognitive space. Judging from the performance of children in the learning process, children are very active. Because before class, I let my children go home and look for information with their parents to find some ways for small animals to spend the winter. In this way, children will also participate in learning and discussion after class, which will increase their interest. In class, children actively use their brains by looking at pictures and raise their hands to speak enthusiastically. Full of active atmosphere. Especially when children are asked to talk about other ways for animals to spend the winter, because they have found a lot in advance, children almost said several ways for animals to spend the winter, such as swallows flying to the south for the winter; Snakes and bears hibernate for the winter; Squirrels, voles and mice spend the winter by storing food. This activity also has many shortcomings, such as my knowledge of other animals in winter is not rich enough; After the activity, the teacher's language is not concise enough, and the animal cards are not fully used.
5. Kindergarten small class winter teaching plan "How small animals spend the winter"
Activity objectives:
1. Learn about the different wintering ways of some small animals through stories, and get interested in the wintering of animals. (key)
2, know how to care for small animals.
Activity preparation:
2. Material preparation: a background picture, animal cards (such as swallows, frogs, bees and other small animals), sounds of small animals, and 4 plastic baskets.
3. The story of how animals spend the winter.
Activity flow:
First, stimulate children's interest in stories through conversation activities.
1, teacher: "What season is it, little friend?" Teenager: "Winter." Teacher: "What's the weather like?" Teenager: "It's very cold." Teacher: "How shall we spend this winter?"
The teacher suggested that (children) should wear cotton-padded clothes, install heating equipment, drink hot water and strengthen physical exercise.
The teacher invited three good friends today. Let's see who they are. (Swallow, frog, bee), displaying sound and map cards at the same time.
Let's see how they spend the winter together.
Second, the teacher tells stories to guide children to talk about different ways of animals wintering.
Storytelling "Winter of Small Animals"
Question: How do the animals in the story spend the winter? Can inspire children to tell how the animals in the story spend the winter. For example, swallows fly to the south, frogs sleep in winter and bees store food. In this link, storytelling further stimulates children's interest in inquiry and vividly makes children feel how animals spend the winter.
Ask questions for discussion:
1. In the story, swallows fly to the south for the winter. What other small animals are like swallows?
2. Little frogs hibernate in winter. Do you know any other animals that hibernate in winter? Such as snakes, frogs, turtles and so on.
3. What other animals store food for winter like bees? Such as squirrels, ants, etc.
Extension: Which animals need to add fur or feathers in winter?
Encourage children to imagine and think boldly according to their existing experience. These open questions are the expansion of children's divergent thinking, and they sum up different ways for animals to spend the winter in communication.
Third, guide children to send their small animals to the corresponding winter baskets, and encourage children to check each other to see if the small animals are sent in the right winter way.
We also have some small animals here. How do you think they spend the winter? Send them back to the corresponding places for the winter?
In this link, children send small animals home by themselves, which not only consolidates the knowledge they have learned, but also stimulates children's interest in caring for small animals and exploring and studying animals.
Fourth, activity extension: Go home and discuss the wintering methods of other small animals with mom and dad.
6. Kindergarten large class teaching plan "How animals spend the winter"
3. Interested in exploring the mysteries of the animal world, with meticulous observation ability.
Activity preparation:&; Uot animals spend the winter. Video tape, video recorder, TV set, various animal magnetic teaching AIDS, animal brooches, tape recorders, tapes, etc. Activity flow: (1) Children answer according to daily observation, and teachers don't comment.
(2) Watch the video once: the child answers according to the video content, and the teacher shows the corresponding magnet teaching aid according to the child's answer. (3) Children watch the video again, draw a regular picture and classify the forms of winter.
(According to the freeze-frame pictures, and using magnetic teaching AIDS to help children classify) Tibetan bees, ants (mice) and so on. (Children use actions to express &; Uot hide &; uot； Hibernation-frogs, snakes, bears (bats, hedgehogs, snails, earthworms), etc. (explanation: sleep means not eating, drinking or moving) migration-swallows, geese, red-crowned cranes, etc. (explanation: migration means moving from one place to another. ) Practice new words repeatedly &; Uot migration and uot.
Molting-lions, foxes, dogs, sheep (chickens, ducks, rabbits), etc. ⑷ Consolidate the four main types of animals wintering: hiding, hibernating, migrating and molting.
5. Teacher's summary: Small animals are smart and will find a good way to spend the cold winter. Some of them hide, some hibernate, some migrate and some change their hair styles. They are really powerful little animals.
7.20 How do animals spend the winter?
How do animals spend winter?
Theme name: winter story sub-theme name: winter fun activity name: how animals spend the winter main teaching areas: scientific teaching content and learning situation analysis;
When winter comes, children can observe what changes people have, but what changes do small animals have? Children are hard to see on the surface. The children found a problem while observing the little turtle in the natural corner. So in order to increase children's knowledge, I choose to be close to children's lives and start with children's interests. In order to enrich children's knowledge of various animals in winter, let children go home and collect information with their parents before activities, and let children explore actively through games and other scenes on the basis of gaining experience, so as to intuitively understand and like to explore the ways of animals in winter. Activity objectives:
1, can clearly tell the way of several small animals in winter and know how to care for them.
2. Master the common methods for animals to spend the winter. Difficulty analysis: activity preparation:
1. The teacher made the courseware "Animals for Winter" and pictures of various small animals.
2. Ask parents to help their children collect information about small animals in winter. Activity flow:
1. The children introduce the wintering mode of small animals to their companions according to the collected data.
In the form of free conversation, children can use the collected pictures, books, tapes and other materials to show to everyone, and try to make children talk as much as possible during the activity. 2. Appreciate the story and understand its content.
(1) The teacher told the story of animals wintering vividly.
(2) After listening to the story, please tell the children how several small animals in the story spent the cold winter. Question: How do frogs spend the winter? Who else uses this hibernation method for winter? How do swallows spend the winter? Where is the rabbit? Where are the squirrels? Where's mantis? Mosquitoes and flies What other animals spend the winter like them?
3. Understand the wintering modes of various animals, and germinate the beautiful feelings of caring for animals.
Courseware for teachers to demonstrate different ways of wintering animals: (1) Hibernation: snakes, frogs, turtles, etc. (2) Venue: geese, swallows, etc.
(3) Thickening fur or feathers: rabbits, deer, foxes, sparrows, crows, etc.
(4) Store food: squirrels, bees, ants, etc.
(5) let the eggs spend the winter: mantis, locust, etc.
(6) hide in a safe place for the winter: mosquitoes and flies. 4. Tell me how you like animals to spend the winter.
Children in pairs choose their favorite pictures of small animals and tell each other how they spend the winter. Teachers tour to listen to children's stories and give them appropriate encouragement.
5. Broaden your horizons and enrich your children's anecdotes about animals wintering. The teacher talked about expanding children's knowledge, such as: seals drilling holes in the ice, snakes frozen into popsicles, rabbits hitting the stomach and so on. Activity expansion:
Encourage children to draw their favorite 1-2 animals for the winter. The teacher will help the whole class to make comic books and put them in the corner of the area for children to enjoy and tell, and constantly enrich relevant knowledge and experience. Activity reflection:
Through the scientific activity of "How do animals spend the winter", I deeply feel that scientific activity is really a subject that can make children learn happily, increase their knowledge and cultivate their interest by combining with their actual activities. This activity also has many shortcomings. Teachers' knowledge of animals for winter is not rich enough. If this activity is shown to children in the form of courseware, children will receive and acquire knowledge through animation, and children will master it more solidly and better.
8. How do animals spend the winter in kindergarten science activities?
Kindergarten teaching plan: how animals spend the winter Teacher: Teacher Qu [activity goal] 1. Stimulate children's interest in loving small animals and exploring animal life, and cultivate the emotion of protecting small animals.
2. Understand the wintering mode of small animals and help children understand the relationship between animals and seasons. [Activity Preparation] 1, lead children to collect pictures and materials of small animals in winter. 2. Courseware of small animals in winter [Activity Flow] 1, to stimulate children's interest and introduce topics through conversation.
"What season is it now? How do you feel? " (In winter, the weather is cold) "Look, how do people spend the winter in winter?" Wear cotton-padded clothes, install heating equipment, and often exercise indoors. ) 2. Initiate the topic "How do animals spend the winter?" Introduction: People have so many good ways to spend the winter, so do you know how small animals spend the winter in such cold weather? (1) Children are free to answer according to their daily observations, and the teacher does not comment. Teacher: Just now, children talked about many ways for animals to spend the winter, so how do small animals spend the cold winter? The teacher has some pictures of small animals in winter. Let's have a look. How do small animals spend winter? (2) Children look at the picture: ask questions and discuss: A: What small animals are there in the picture; B: How do these small animals spend the winter?
The teacher emphasized that there are several ways for small animals to spend the winter: hibernating, covering with thick hair and storing food for the winter. Snakes, turtles, frogs and hedgehogs hibernate for the winter; There are rabbits and squirrels, who grow thick hair for winter; There is an ant C who stores food for the winter: "Do you know how other animals spend the winter?" Bears hibernate for the winter, geese and migratory birds fly south for the winter and so on. 3. Consolidate and enrich children's understanding of wintering animals. Look at the animal winter courseware and ask: What animal hibernates for the winter? What animal is covered with thick fur in winter? What animals are stored in winter? Understanding the relationship between animals and seasons and knowing that animals have various ways to spend the winter is the best way to protect themselves. "Why do animals have different ways to spend the winter?" (Protect yourself from seasonal changes) "What if these animals don't want to spend the winter?" Animals are our good friends. We should protect small animals, cherish nature and create a good living environment for them. (source: teacher qu's lesson plan network).
9. Kindergarten scientific inquiry teaching plan: "How animals spend the winter"
Design intent:
When winter comes, there are fewer and fewer traces of animals, ants get into holes, swallows fly away and so on. All these phenomena attract children's attention. When they are outdoors, they always have questions: Why don't ants come out to carry food? Why did the swallow disappear? Where is the croaking frog? The change of animal living habits makes children curious. In order to meet the needs of children's interest and development, this activity aims to let children know about different ways of wintering animals, so as to stimulate children's interest in exploring animals and their feelings of caring for them.
Activity objectives:
1, to guide children to understand the different wintering modes of animals.
2. Cultivate children's observation ability, and initially understand the dependence and adaptation characteristics of animals on the environment.
3. Stimulate children's interest in exploring animal life and caring for animals.
Focus of activities:
Can you tell how several common animals spend the winter?
Activity difficulty:
Know several different ways for animals to spend the winter.
Activity preparation:
Courseware, animal headdress, four winter scenes.
Activity flow:
First, the beginning: talk, introduce the theme.
Question: What season is it now? How do you feel (in winter) (in cold weather)? How do people spend the winter in winter? (Wear cotton-padded clothes, light a stove, wear gloves, run more ...) How do animals spend the winter? Let's look at the big screen and see how animals spend the winter.
Comment on this link and arouse children's interest in how animals spend the winter through dialogue activities. Children can tell how people spend the winter according to their own life experience, from how people spend the winter to how animals spend the winter naturally. Children boldly use their existing experience to tell stories, share the joy of communication with their peers, and gain new knowledge through communication.
Second, the basic part:
(1) Play the courseware (tell stories while playing).
Ask questions:
1. What small animals appeared on the screen just now?
2. How do they spend the winter?
In this link, children can feel how animals spend the winter in the form of stories through vivid courseware demonstrations. For example, swallows fly south, frogs sleep in winter, squirrels store food, and rabbits put on thick fur. When children talk about frogs sleeping, they immediately enrich their vocabulary: hibernation. In this class, the children learned different ways of animals wintering.
(B) to guide children to sum up several different ways of animal wintering, and put forward questions for discussion:
1. How do swallows spend the winter? Why do you fly to the south for the winter? What other small animals fly to the south for the winter like swallows? Goose, swan, red-crowned crane, etc. )