Montessori called all the activities that children do "work". In Montessori's theory, infancy is a period of formation, creation and construction. Only through work can we gradually form various operational abilities and become "people".
Dr Montessori found in her observation that children prefer work to play. Because children's inner life must be "work-oriented" in order to grow and develop.
In other words, children build their own internal knowledge system and exercise various abilities through work. Therefore, Montessori has formed an education system with work as its core.
Of course, children's work and adults' work are different in meaning and purpose: children's work is to complete themselves and "live for work"; The work of adults is to meet the needs of life, maintain life, and "work for life". Work is different from games, and games are just aimless entertainment. And "work" is a purposeful and progressive activity.
In children's cognition, the word work is often used by parents. Mom and dad have the ability to work to help others or earn money to support their families.
In this way, children will naturally have a sense of mission and pride of "I have the ability" when using this word.
Montessori believes that the activity that makes children develop physically and mentally is "work". If a child can concentrate on his work, it just shows that this kind of work can meet his inner needs. This process is also the physical and psychological materialization of children. This not only satisfies the child psychologically, but also enables him to gain independent ability.
Work can help children to coordinate and control their muscles, discover their own potential, and help children cultivate independence and will. In the mysterious world where vitality is constantly displayed, children will further improve themselves through work.
"Work" also has a great influence on children's personality development. Normalized children will show concentration, independence and sense of order; However, if you encounter an unfavorable environment in your growth environment, you may have a deviation in personality development, such as willfulness, dependence, inferiority and so on. For example, the operation of red stick, pink tower and brown ladder in sensory teaching AIDS can help children learn to organize the chaotic sensory stimuli around their lives in an orderly way and form concepts.
These phenomena can be corrected by "work". Once children are involved in their work and concentrate on what they are interested in, deviant behavior will naturally disappear, from disorder to order, from passive to active, from dependence to independence. This is the most wonderful change that work has brought to children.
In Children's Home, Montessori prepared the environment and various jobs for children. These tasks are based on meeting children's physiological development needs, and through repeated operations by children, children can obtain inner spiritual satisfaction and balance.
The content of the work is based on the action experience that children need in their daily life, including coarse movements such as holding, lifting, pushing, sliding and turning, as well as fine movements such as grasping, pouring, scooping, clamping, stabbing, cutting and sewing with five fingers, three fingers and two fingers.
In addition, Montessori also designed a series of tasks to cultivate children's keen sensory abilities in the sensitive period of children's development, including vision, touch, hearing, taste, smell, plane geometry and stereoscopic touch. In order to integrate children into their own culture and have social functions, Montessori arranged cognitive work such as Chinese and mathematics in children's homes.
Montessori education encourages children to use "real" things as much as possible. Fake and useless things will dampen children's self-confidence and make them feel that they are not "good" enough to use real things.
All works presented in the field of daily life must be based on reality. We won't pretend that there is rubbish on the ground in order to let the children do their homework. Activities related to real life are not artificially created, but what we really need to do in our daily life. Only when children complete their real work in a complete real environment can they feel their own value and have a sense of belonging to this environment, thus developing a sense of responsibility.
If there are false daily activities in the environment, children will get the wrong sensory experience related to this activity, so they can't establish the concept of this kind of work and the concept of the articles used.
For example, in music-cutting activities, when children cut a wooden apple with a wooden knife, the concepts of apple and knife and the action of "cutting" are all wrong, so we can't correctly understand the matter of "cutting apples", let alone apply this experience to the real apple-cutting scene.
If the daily living area of the kindergarten classroom is full of fake jobs, pretend to brush your teeth, pretend to mop the floor, pretend to hang clothes, pretend to peel apples … and the floor is really dirty, it is always handled by adults; Adults always prepare food when children are hungry. Then, this environment is an environment that does not help children's spiritual growth and lose their souls.
Children's words are unscrupulous, practitioners of high-quality childcare services, trainers of professional international teachers, and advocates of scientific family parenting!
Tong Xin Tongyu is a nursery center jointly built by many kindergarten teachers at home and abroad, and is committed to creating a professional environment suitable for children's healthy physical and mental growth. Provide regular lectures for parents to spread scientific parenting concepts and methods. At the same time, it is also a teaching demonstration and teacher practice base, aiming at providing high-quality education and teaching demonstration and teacher training for more community day care. We are committed to building a multi-level and mature teacher training system, with special emphasis on teachers' practical work ability. Tong Xin Tongyu was established on September 20 16. Up to now, there are four physical parks in Beijing, covering community pension, enterprise pension, commercial pension and kindergarten pension.
Child's heart and children's language demonstration day care is a Montessori demonstration day care created by kindergarten teachers. It is a demonstration day care center of AMS Montessori Association Teacher Certification Training Center and a member school of AMS. Children's heart and children's language demonstration day care adopts Montessori teaching, takes children as the center, respects children's nature and original strength, and has a clean, safe, friendly and inclusive environment. No matter what kind of class, there is a sense of beauty, design and order. In the environment prepared by the teacher, children choose their own jobs, explore freely and learn spontaneously.
The goal of nursery rhymes is to cultivate children to be the best themselves, not only with good cognitive level, but also with valuable non-intellectual qualities such as optimism, independence, self-confidence, studiousness, perseverance and problem-solving ability. Outreach: Cultivate children to become useful members of society, gain politeness, empathy, cooperation and behavior norms, and let children happily integrate into society and become active social people.