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"The purpose of education is not only to spread knowledge, it also has a new development direction, and that is to release human potential. When did you start this kind of education? My answer is that such education should be carried out from birth, because people have unlimited potential from birth. "

Panait Mariana Montessori.

Montessori education method has been proved to be a scientific parenting method in today's practice. Montessori's education law quickly swept Europe and America from the day it was founded, and set off a revolution in early childhood education that lasted for more than 100 years around the world. At present, more than 100 countries around the world have established early childhood education institutions guided by Montessori education law. In contemporary China, which advocates quality education and free personality, Montessori's children's education law is gradually changing the educational concept of Chinese people.

As one of the great educators recognized by the world in the 20th century, Dr. Montessori is almost synonymous with modern scientific education methods. The Montessori Early Education Law, which was initiated by her, won the respect and high evaluation of educators all over the world and greatly promoted the development of children's education all over the world.

Brief introduction of Dr. Montessori

Maria montessori is an outstanding early childhood education thinker and reformer in the history of education, and the first woman to study medicine and the first female doctor of medicine in Italian history. Maria montessori was born in Chi Jalava Le, ancona. Father Alexandru Montessori is a noble descendant, a calm and conservative soldier, and mother Rainier Stopani is a devout Catholic, knowledgeable, pious and kind, rigorous and open-minded. As an only child, Montessori was deeply loved by her parents and received a good family education. Therefore, I have developed an independent personality of self-discipline and self-love since I was a child, and I am enthusiastic about helping others.

Maria montessori is a world-famous preschool educator in the 20th century. Her unique law of early childhood education has swept the whole western world, profoundly affecting the educational level and social development of all countries in the world, especially advanced countries in Europe and America. The characteristic of Montessori education law is that it attaches great importance to children's early education and has been engaged in educational experiments and research for more than half a century. Her teaching methods range from intellectual training, sensory training to sports training, from respecting freedom to building will, from civilian education to aristocratic education, which has provided several generations of excellent talent base for the sustainable development of western industrialized society. The history of western education claims that she is the greatest educator of scientific progress who won the recognition of Europe and the world in the 20th century.

1952 died in Amsterdam on May 6th at the age of 82.

Maria montessori's Educational Thought

Basic principles of Montessori education law;

1, child-centered. Oppose the adult-centered teaching concept and regard children as independent individuals different from adults.

2. Education without teaching. Oppose spoon-feeding teaching, advocate starting with daily life training, with a good learning environment and rich teaching AIDS, let children learn spontaneously and actively, and build a perfect personality independently.

3. Grasp the sensitive period of children. Follow the characteristics of sensitive learning and get the maximum learning effect.

4. Teachers play the role of facilitators. Teachers must have a deep understanding of children's spiritual world and know their children's development like the back of their hands, so as to provide appropriate and timely help and guidance to children.

5. Cultivation of complete personality. The biggest purpose of preschool education is to help children normalize.

6. Respect the growth rhythm of children. There is no timetable and class time, so that children can concentrate on developing their inner needs.

7. Mixed-age teaching. Children of different ages will imitate and learn from each other, and develop good social behavior of helping others.

8. Rich teaching materials and teaching AIDS. Teaching AIDS are the material for children's work, and children build a perfect personality through "work" and self-repetitive operation exercises.

9. Eliminate the reward and punishment system. Take the way of respecting children and cultivate their budding sense of dignity.

10, teaching achievements broke out. By respecting children's inner needs, let children grow up in a timely and moderate manner. It is not easy to perceive the result in the short term, but it will show the child's inner growth with explosive force at some time.

Characteristics of Montessori education

Montessori believes that children have great potential, and his life development is towards independence. Through specific exercises, such as life basic ability exercise, facial features exercise, intellectual exercise (language, mathematics, science) and other forms, the foundation of a sound personality is formed.

Montessori classroom is the embryonic form of a small society, in which children learn to respect and accept others, learn how to share their knowledge and skills, and learn how to lead others. Montessori classroom provides an environment for cultivating children's emotional IQ.

Montessori curriculum includes the development of emotion, action, ability, language and morality, which makes individuals become integrated people. "Freedom" and "discipline" are integrated, and "individuality" and "group" are given consideration. Inspire children to have the ability to solve difficulties and adapt to the new environment, and realize self-construction and mental development.

Principles of Montessori education:

Children-oriented-a "children's world" that centers on children and allows them to "be themselves" independently.

Adequate teaching AIDS-Children learn by their senses, and the more good stimuli we provide them, the more they can stimulate their inner potential. Therefore, to design an environment suitable for children's growth, it is necessary to provide rich teaching materials (including nature and humanities) to induce their interest in autonomous learning.

Education without "teaching"-Contrary to the traditional teacher-centered cramming education, it advocates that children should take the initiative to contact and learn and form wisdom through a good learning environment and bright and rich teaching AIDS.

Grasp the sensitive period of learning-children aged 0-6 will have various "sensitive periods" for different things at different growth stages. Montessori's scientific pre-school education law emphasizes mastering children's "sensitive period" and giving them proper learning.

Montessori education has a set of learning tools with unlimited educational value. This learning tool makes use of the sensitivity of children's feelings, and through the teaching AIDS that children can operate, children can explore easily and happily in the operation, and absorb many abstract concepts in the exploration. Respect the characteristics of children's repeated practice. All children with learning tools can operate repeatedly to meet their physical and psychological needs.

Teachers are in the position of assistance and enlightenment-teachers must give up the traditional self-righteous education methods, and give timely help and guidance to children, so that children can become the main body of education and use their brains and wisdom.

Parents are the real key-children's education is not limited to a corner of the school, and the influence of the whole social environment is everywhere. In the parent-child class of Beloved Paradise, parents can not only learn advanced teaching concepts and methods, but also take their babies to class together to enhance parent-child feelings in the course.

The value of Montessori education;

The unique charm of Montessori's education method comes from fully learning and understanding children, observing their sensitive period, stimulating their potential, developing their independence, self-confidence, concentration and creativity in a relaxed and happy environment, and laying a good quality foundation for their future growth. Montessori's education law has spread all over the European continent and gone to the world. Montessori education law has achieved fruitful results in the promotion of one hundred years. With the continuous improvement and development of its theory, it has been widely respected and recognized by preschool education circles all over the world. It has aroused great concern in the United States, Europe, Japan, Singapore, Australia and other pre-school education developed countries, and Montessori schools are spread all over 100 countries.

Montessori's View on Children

From the perspective of development, Montessori believes that' children are a developing organism and a developing mind; The period of children's development is the most important period in one's life. Children are in the process of constant growth, development and change, mainly internal natural development. In this continuous natural development process, children's development includes both physical development and psychological development.

In Montessori's view, children's bodies contain dynamic impulses. It is this instinctive spontaneous impulse that gives him positive vitality and promotes his continuous development. One is dominance instinct, which provides guidance and protection for infants at the initial stage of life and even determines the survival of species. The second is work instinct, which is the basic feature of people. It is through continuous work that children are creating, making them fully satisfied and forming their own personality. It can not only renew human beings, but also improve human environment.

In psychology, children's psychological development has both a certain process and hidden characteristics. Montessori believes that a child is a "mental (psychological) embryo". Because every baby has creative instinct and positive potential, and can rely on his environment to build a spiritual world, a child is not only a physical existence, but also a spiritual existence. Every child's spirit is different, and every child has his own creative spirit.

In Montessori's view, children's psychological development will have various "sensitive periods". She said: "It is this sensitive period that allows children to contact the outside world with a unique intensity. During this period, they can easily learn everything and are full of vitality and passion for everything. " The development of human intelligence is based on the sensitive period of children.

1. The sensitive period of order begins in the first year of birth and lasts until the age of 4. This is an inner feeling for children to distinguish the relationship between various objects, not the objects themselves.

2. Children at the age of 2-3 are sensitive to details, and their attention tends to focus on the smallest details. This shows the existence of children's spiritual life, and also shows that children and adults have two different intellectual horizons.

3. Coordination sensitive period This is the most easily observed sensitive period in the development of young children. Children learn to walk through personal efforts, gradually achieving balance and steady pace. It should appear at the age of two or three.

4. During the tactile sensitive period, the child will extend his little hand to external objects. The initial thrust of this action represents the child's self-entry into the outside world. It is through the activities of hands that children can develop themselves and their hearts.

The sensitive period of language is about 2 months. The child began to absorb the language, and the language he learned was what he heard from the surrounding environment. There is no need to prepare anything special for him when he says the first sentence. Montessori believes that the acquisition and application of language ability is one of the external manifestations of children's intellectual development.

Montessori emphasized the close relationship between children's psychological development and physical development. She said: "If psychological depression can affect metabolism and thus reduce a person's vitality, then the opposite will definitely happen. Stimulating psychological experience can improve the speed of metabolism, thus promoting a person's health. "

montessori

Montessori teaching method is an educational method to comprehensively improve children's quality and develop their potential. She skillfully uses her children's own growth requirements to achieve the purpose of education without damaging their freedom and happiness. Montessori believes that children have an innate "inner vitality", which is positive, constantly developing and has infinite power; The task of education is to stimulate and promote the development of children's "inner potential"; Children are not containers for adults, nor are they clay and wax that can be shaped at will. Teachers and parents must seriously study, observe and understand children's inner world, and help children achieve physical and mental development in free and spontaneous activities. Based on this, Montessori designed a set of training methods for preschool children to effectively guide them to grow up quickly.

Montessori called children's learning activities "work". She believes that work can coordinate children's muscles and body movements, use their hands and brains, and promote the coordinated development of body and mind. Through children's free choice, independent operation and dedication to work, they have honed their will, strengthened their self-control, courage and self-confidence, cultivated their independent spirit, and strictly disciplined them, which also met their psychological needs. Montessori education properly solved the problem of children's discipline. Through the children's continuous completion of the grading work at hand, the children have perfected themselves and honed themselves. With the growth of ability, children's freedom to satisfy their wishes also increases, and their sense of discipline and freedom also grows together.

Montessori attached great importance to the early development of children's intelligence, but opposed the teacher-centered cramming education. Montessori school advocates self-education. In educational activities, children are the main body and the center. They advocate starting with daily training, with a good learning environment and rich teaching AIDS, so that children can learn spontaneously, think independently, discover themselves, educate themselves and grow up. Teachers and parents are only observers and instructors of children's activities. This kind of education mode, in which teachers don't teach and children explore for themselves, is much better than indoctrination education. Before the age of 6, the children in Montessori class not only mastered the basic ability of reading and calculation, but also mastered a lot of natural knowledge, and more importantly, they became interested in learning.

An important discovery of Montessori is the "sensitive period" of children's intellectual development, which is of great significance to early childhood education. Montessori found that children showed strong sensitivity to language movements, details, procedures, reading and writing at different stages before the age of 6. During this period, related learning is very easy and rapid, which is an excellent educational opportunity, but after this time, this strong interest will disappear. Grasping the opportunity and conducting education can lay the foundation for children's lifelong development.

Montessori teaching method is Italy's first female doctor of medicine Maria? The teaching method advocated by maria montessori focuses on cultivating children's sense of order, concentration, hand-eye coordination and independence. It is like a warm "home" in the classroom, and children come to school only from their own home to another "home", and form an attitude that children like to go to school and study.

First, daily life education: cultivate children's self-care ability in daily life, and cultivate independent personality and good habits.

Second, sensory education: children can refine their vision, touch, taste and smell through the masterpiece of sensory teaching AIDS, so that their five senses are more acute and thus more intelligent and wise.

Third, mathematics education: the comparison from less to more, and finally the introduction of specific operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, the introduction of four operations, and the establishment of teaching foundation.

Fourth, Chinese teaching: Dr. Montessori found that the sensitive period of children's language is before the age of six; Therefore, we not only emphasize mother tongue teaching, but also cultivate the development of many languages, especially English.

5. Culture and education: Montessori's classrooms are equipped with teaching AIDS such as animals, plants, history, geography, astronomy and geology. Let children learn how to take care of animals and plants, understand their living environment, understand the mysteries of the universe and understand various minerals.

-Shuang 'en Early Education Finishing