Gong zizhen (1August 22, 792 ~ 184 1 September 26, 2000) was a thinker, writer and reformist pioneer in the Qing dynasty. Promoted at the age of 27, Jinshi at the age of 38. He used to be cabinet secretary, director of Zongrenyuan, and director of etiquette department. He advocated getting rid of disadvantages and foreign invasion, and fully supported Lin Zexu to ban opium. He resigned at the age of 48 and returned to the south. The following year, he died suddenly at Yunyang Academy in Danyang, Jiangsu. His poems advocated "changing the law" and "changing the painting", exposed the corruption of the Qing rulers, and were full of patriotic enthusiasm. They were praised by Liu Yazi as "the first class in three hundred years". He is the author of Ding 'an Anthology, with more than 300 articles and nearly 800 poems. Today's collection is the complete works of Gong Zizhen. Ji Hai's Miscellaneous Poems ***3 15. ? 659 poems and essays
Gong Zizhen (1792 ~ 184 1 year), born in Se, was named Ding 'an (ān) and later renamed Yi Jian. Also known as Gongzuo, Ding 'an was a thinker and writer in Qing Dynasty. Han nationality, Renhe (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang). Born into a family of bureaucrats and scholars for generations. Grandfather Gong Gan, an official of the Military Department of the Cabinet Office, is the author of Yin Meng's Poems on Living in a Mountain. His father Li Zheng is an official in Jiangnan. He was appointed as the provincial judge of Jiangsu Province, and he wrote Notes on Mandarin, Textual Research on Three Rites, Questioning the History of Han Dynasty, Textual Research on Famous Things of Chu Ci, etc. Mother Duan Xun, the daughter of Duan Yucai, a famous primary school (ancient literature refers to philology), is the author of "Green Flowers Poem Grass". In his later years, he lived in Yushan Pavilion in Kunshan, also known as Yushan people. Thinker, poet, writer and reformist pioneer in Qing Dynasty.
18 13 in April, she took the rural exam in Shuntian again, and her name fell in Sun Shan. In July, his wife died of misdiagnosis in Huizhou prefecture. September
a scholarly family
Gong Zizhen was born on1August 22, 792 (the fifth day of July in the fifty-seventh year of Qingganlong). Grandfather Gong Cong, the official went to the Secretariat of the Cabinet. Father Gong, with extreme words, studied Taoism with him. The official went to Jiangnan to prepare for the war, and the Jiangsu Provincial Court was ordered. Mother Duan Xun, the daughter of the famous writer Duan Yucai.
Young and successful
Gong Zizhen was educated by her mother since childhood and loved reading poetry. Since I was 8 years old, I have studied classics and university history. /kloc-When he was 0/2 years old, he learned Shuowen from his grandfather Duan Yucai. He searched for surnames and anecdotes; Say words with classics, and say classics with words; Test the ancient and modern official system; Used in bibliography, epigraphy, etc. At the same time, in literature, it also shows the talent of creation. /kloc-when he was 0/3 years old, he wrote "Perceptual Discrimination"; 15 years old, chronological poetry; 18 10 (the 15th year of Jiaqing), who wrote lyrics by voice, should have passed the provincial examination in Shuntian, and was ranked 28th in the Chinese-style vice list by blade master.
Stories of collecting books
Gong Zizhen was not only a thinker in the late Qing Dynasty, but also a famous bibliophile and bibliographer. He devoted his life to reform. In his youth, he wrote On Liang Ming and At the Time of BC, which exposed and criticized the accumulated disadvantages of feudal autocracy. The collection of books is extremely fine, with more than 20 kinds of manuscripts and Song and Yuan editions. Let Niu Shuyu, He Yuanxi and others help find it and borrow it everywhere. He has written books, poems and prefaces for many famous bibliophiles. His Preface to the Collection of Books in Ciyun Building is a profound and unique exposition of classical bibliography: bibliography began in Liu Xiang and spread by later generations, which is divided into three branches: one is official books of the court, the other is private records, and the third is historical records. The three styles are different, and the actual situation is used, and it cannot be neglected. You collect inscriptions, stone carvings and seals, which contain rich cultural treasures. Chen called it "invincible". The Tibetan room is named "Baoyange" and "Yiyuzhai in the Atlas", and its Tibetan post is "Two Thousand".
Gong Zizhen's literary creation presents an unprecedented new look and opens a new chapter in modern literature. Gong Zizhen thinks that literature must be useful. He said, "On sanctification, we should give priority to usefulness", "We should not seek the beauty of politics, words and literary talent" ("Born in the same year, please ask Tang and Liu to worship Buddha ……"). It is necessary to point out that Confucianism, politics and poetry have the same purpose. He thinks that poetry, like the function of history, is criticizing social history, and both articles and poems are related to history. He believes that the Six Classics is the ancestor of the history of Zhou. The Book of Songs is collected and sorted by historians. "The poet's fingers are a tributary of this group's history" (On the occasion of B and C). Therefore, the purpose of choosing poems to write history is to "enjoy people and win them, but fight for them" and criticize social history. So he regards his poems as "talk" or "discussion", "
Gong Wen's expression is generally simple, but there are exaggerations, frankness and strangeness in brevity. His prose language is vivid and diverse. Some of them are parallel lovers, some are magnificent, some are ancient, and even distant, blunt and obscure. Gongwen is different from ancient prose in Tang and Song Dynasties and Tongcheng School. It is a unique development that inherits the ancient prose in the pre-Qin and Han dynasties and creates a new atmosphere in ancient prose or prose. Gong Zizhen's ci is also very famous. Tan Xian thinks that Gong's ci is "beautiful and profound, which is intended to combine Zhou, Xin and Yi to make a wonderful work" (Diary of Tang Fu II). In fact, his ci did not get rid of the influence of traditional ci, but paid attention to the romanticism of ci.
Gong Zizhen, as a master of ancient prose, is more famous. His prose is also consistent with the theme of his poems, or "taking Confucian classics as political comments", or directly criticizing and exposing reality, or using topics, or criticizing the decadent darkness of feudal rule through papers, discussions, notes and places of interest.
politics
Criticism, call, expectation and concentration in Ji Hai's miscellaneous poems reflect the poet's patriotic concern for the fate of the nation-state. For example, in the first two or three poems of Jihai Miscellaneous Poems, "Regardless of iron and salt, Gong Zizhen leads the river, but the southeast is full of tears. The national tax is three liters, and the people fight. If you kill a girl, you won't grow grain. " The author boldly exposed and criticized the Qing Dynasty's neglect of the planning of salt and iron production, taxation, water conservancy and other issues related to the national economy and people's livelihood, and its blind reliance on southeast water transportation intensified the exploitation of the people in the south of the Yangtze River, which led to the decline of agricultural production, the hardship of people's lives and the harm to the national economy. Another example is the eighth and seventh poems of Ji Hai's Miscellaneous Poems. "The old friend worships the general with the sea and stands on the south side of the sky. I have three hundred words of yin, and wax pills are hard to send. " Express the poet's concern about the struggle against smoking and the fate of the country.
literature
Many of his poems are both lyrical and argumentative.
He is not only a thinker in the late Qing Dynasty, but also a famous bibliophile and bibliographer. In the first year of Daoguang (182 1), he was the proofreader of the National History Museum. Daoguang nine years (1829) Jinshi. This official is in charge of the etiquette department. In nineteen years, he abandoned his official position and returned to the south. Sudden death at Yunyang Academy in Jiangsu. Inheriting the origin of genealogy, he was proficient in writing and exegetics, and gradually dabbled in epigraphy and bibliography, covering hundreds of poems, geography and classics. He devoted his life to reform. In his youth, he wrote On Liang Ming and At the Time of BC, which exposed and criticized the accumulated disadvantages of feudal autocracy. The collection of books is extremely fine, with more than 20 kinds of manuscripts and Song and Yuan editions. Let Niu Shuyu, He Yuanxi and others help find it and borrow it everywhere. He has written books, poems and prefaces for many famous bibliophiles. His Preface to the Collection of Books in Ciyun Building is a profound and unique exposition of classical bibliography: bibliography began in Liu Xiang and was divided into three branches: one was official books of the imperial court, and the other was private books.
The Unity of Political Theory, Lyricism and Art
Many of his poems are lyrical and argumentative, but they have nothing to do with the facts and are not specific. Instead, they just raise the common phenomenon of reality to the height of social history, ask questions, express their feelings, and express their attitudes and wishes. He writes poems on political issues, but he doesn't speak in the abstract and doesn't scatter culture.
A rich and peculiar imagination
In his poems, "Moon Anger", "Flower Shadow Anger", "Taihang Anger", "Taihang Flying", "Claw Anger" and "Reiki Anger" make familiar scenery lively, moving eyes and ears, and arouse unusual imagination. Another example is the description of fallen flowers in Song of Falling Flowers in the Western Suburb, which makes the scenery that causes sadness and decline become an incomparably magnificent scene, even higher than ordinary imagination. "Falling red is not a heartless thing, but turning into spring mud protects flowers more" ("Jihai Miscellaneous Poems"), then we can see new life from decline. "Although the fate.
Gong Zizhen's Poetry and Prose
Ji Hai's Miscellaneous Poems (5)
Qing Dynasty: Gong Zizhen
The vast sadness of parting extends to the setting sun, away from Beijing, riding a whip to the east, feeling that people are on earth.
I quit my job and go home, just like a flower falling from a branch, but this is not a heartless thing. It can be turned into the soil of spring and can also play a role in nurturing the next generation.
300 ancient poems, junior high school poems, lyricism, ambition, ambition, self-encouragement Pupils must recite 70 ancient poems and 80 ancient poems.
Ji Hai's Miscellaneous Poems, with 220 poems.
Qing Dynasty: Gong Zizhen
Only the great explosive power of lightning can make the land of China exude vitality, but the social and political situation is not angry, but a kind of sadness.
I advise God to cheer up and not stick to certain norms to belittle more people.
Three hundred ancient poems, primary school poems, society, early education
Diffuse feeling
Qing Dynasty: Gong Zizhen
I am disappointed to join the army, and I hate the word Southeast.
One flute and one sword, equal business, negative reputation for fifteen years.
Patriotic inspirational
See more poems by Gong Zizhen.