Symphony open classification: one of the genres of entertainment, music, culture, leisure and instrumental symphony. A large (sonata-style) suite played by an orchestra. The sea, which originated from the Italian opera overture, suddenly took shape. The basic features are: Allegro in the first movement, sonata form; The second movement is slow and takes the form of two or three parts. The third movement is medium or slightly faster, and it is a minuet or scherzo; The fourth movement, also known as the "last movement", is very fast and adopts Rondo sonata form. Haydn wrote more than 100 symphonies, Mozart wrote more than 50 symphonies, Beethoven's 9 symphonies were called immortal symphonies, and Schubert wrote 8 symphonies, such as Unfinished Symphony. Other composers of Romanticism, such as Berlioz, Schumann, Mendelssohn, Brahms, Tchaikovsky, Bao Luoting, dvorak, sibelius, brukner and Mahler, all wrote famous symphonies. The famous symphonic composers in modern times include Oneig, Fuan Williams, Glazunov, scriabin, Rachmaninov, Myaskovski, prokofiev, Shostakovich, Chattuliang and so on. Symphony Symphony gives full play to the functions and expressive force of various musical instruments to shape the musical image, which is a large-scale divertimento form played by the symphony orchestra. Symphony is of great significance in the history of music development: in music creation, it is the embodiment and product of the composer's highly developed writing skills; The breadth and depth of instrumental performance have reached the peak. Although it is essentially a sonata played by an orchestra, it is more grand, richer and more advanced than a sonata. The word "symphony" originated from ancient Greece, which originally meant "ringing". In the Middle Ages, it refers to the harmonious combination of two tones, and sometimes it refers to an Italian composer G, who first used it as the title of the song and called the sacred music of his vocal music and instrumental music "sacred symphony" (1597). Since then, it generally refers to the music played by vocal music and instrumental music. 1607, A, Benji and S Rossi each published an instrumental symphony. 16 19, m in a book about modern music forms, Praetorius proposed that symphonies should be purely instrumental works without any vocal parts. Since then, the symphony began to get rid of vocal music and turned to instrumental works, marking an important turning point in the symphony. Since then, many instrumental works, such as operas, oratorios and other instrumental introductions, overtures or preludes; J Bach's three songs and Partita's opening movement; Some of Haydn's quartets are collectively called symphonies. In the 20th century, I.F. Stravinsky deliberately archaized and wrote a symphony for wind instruments (1920). The early symphonies (1725 ~ 1760) evolved from the Italian opera overture at the end of 17. The three-stage form of the overture "Tactical Board-Adagio-Allegro" laid the foundation for the divertimento form of the symphony. /kloc-In the middle and late 8th century, the overture symphony separated from the opera, absorbed the factors of concerto, suite and triple sonata, and developed into an independent three-movement instrumental genre. But at this time, the musical form has not been finally established, and the establishment of the symphony orchestra has not yet taken shape. Symphony is still the work of instrumental ensemble and small band. At this time, many composers contributed to the creation of symphony genre. Italian G.B. Samartini began to compose symphonies with early sonata forms and inspirational melodies, and abandoned basso continuo in 1760 to fill the harmony with brass music. J. Studds of Mannheim Conservatory of Music established a well-trained symphony orchestra with two controls, which created a "gradually stronger" and "gradually weaker" playing style, and made wind instruments play an independent part. After the adagio movement of his symphony D (1740), M.G. Mohn of Vienna Conservatory of Music first inserted a minuet movement, creating a symphony form of four movements in dry season. In creation, both he and G.C. Vargenser attached importance to the use of band colors, expanded the role of wind instruments, and made the violin the main body of the band. Together with Stamitz, they all made some contributions to the development of symphony. Symphony in the classical period (18th century) has a standard symphony form, which was finally established by Haydn and W.A. Mozart on the basis of their predecessors' creation. A typical classical symphony consists of four movements: 1 movement, Allegro and Sonata. The second movement, a little slow or adagio, has a lyrical style and adopts abridged form, three-step, complex three-step or variation form. Usually it is the subordinate key or relationship key of 1 movement. The third movement, Allegro or a little faster, is a polyphony of three parts, in the form of a minuet, and the main theme has three tones (Beethoven changed to a harmony filter). The fourth movement, finale, Allegro or Allegro, uses sonata form, Rondo form, Rondo sonata form or variation form in the main theme. Sometimes the adagio is introduced in front of the song, and the hall after the song. In addition, Haydn established the harmony structure of classical music forms, and used tonality changes to form dramatic effects, which standardized the combination of musical instruments. Mozart has made great contributions in creating comparative themes, expanding the length of development department and balancing different movements. L. Van Beethoven first injected the advanced ideas and revolutionary enthusiasm of the French Revolution into the symphony, and expanded the beginning and end of the music, expanded the orchestra and added voices, replaced the minuet with harmony proverbs, and used different creative techniques (such as the development of motivation, the contrast and continuity of themes, the dynamic part of harmonic progression, the application of irregular stress and the sudden change of volume, etc.). ), deepened the genre of symphony and reached its peak. The Romantic Period Symphony 19 Symphony after the 20th century has undergone great reform and innovation in content, form and technique, forming a situation of competing research and letting a hundred flowers blossom. For example, F. Schubert's Unfinished Symphony opens up a new field of lyric symphony that wins by singing melody. F Mendelssohn's symphonies "Sugeland" and "Italy" are elegant and free-spirited, with beautiful melodies and gorgeous instruments, both in the form of three themes 1 movement. R Schumann's symphony is poetic and touching, and his fourth symphony runs through the whole song with a main theme, and its structure is compact, just like a single-movement symphony. H Berlioz's symphonie fantastique pioneered the title symphony, and adopted the "fixed musical thinking" representing a specific image for the first time, which runs through the whole song and becomes an important manifestation of the title music. F Liszt studied under Fabbrizio, composed Dante Symphony and Faust Symphony, and created a new genre of music with a single movement title-symphonic poem. A. brukner often uses the harmony of German chorus and the counterpoint and pedal sound of the organ to make the symphony full of religious flavor. Through the development of the theme, J Brahms inherited Beethoven's consistent method of composing symphonies, making the music structure rigorous and unified; The tonality of the four movements is arranged in a continuous three-dimensional relationship, and the effect is novel. Mahler's symphonies are large in scale and use human voices. His works often absorb folk songs, waltzes, marches, hymns and songs. His eighth symphony, called "Symphony of a Thousand People", is one of the biggest symphonies so far. In addition, due to the rising national consciousness in Europe at that time, many composers (rimsky Kosakov, A.H. Borodin, Tchaikovsky, A.dvorak, J.sibelius, etc. ) created a symphony with a strong national style. Saint-Sang, Dandy and others created concerto symphonies. The Romantic Period's symphonies have made great breakthroughs and changes in the number and arrangement of movements and the compilation of bands. Modern Symphony In the 20th century, symphony is still an important genre in music. Many outstanding composers have devoted themselves to the creation of symphonies and made various explorations and innovations. A. Schoenberg and A. von Wei Bain created a symphony of sequential music. Bra and others wrote atonal symphonies. W Buckhart wrote polyphonic symphonies, and A Bliss also wrote color symphonies. Now some people are engaged in the creation of electronic music "font-free music cloth", small instrumental music, vocal ensemble and symphony. At the same time, a tendency to advocate simplicity and conciseness is emerging. There are more and more chamber symphony, single movement symphony and early symphony works. Stravinsky even wrote a chorus symphony in a symphonic mode at the end of 16. In layman's view, listening to songs is just listening to songs, but this is different. Listening to music is just listening to music, but professionals enjoy music in different ways. They listen to the player's performance level and the handling of music. Moreover, if you want to appreciate music better, you'd better know the author and creative background of the music in the county, which is very good for you to improve your music literacy. I recommend some violin concertos and Pyotr Il'yich Tchaikovsky Brahms symphonies. I recommend you to listen to dvorak's New World, and you will find how great they are.