China's paintings are based on fabric and paper. Due to the different geographical environment, different raw materials and different treatment processes, the methods of hand-made paper are also different. Generally can be divided into bark fiber paper and bamboo paper.
Ink and wash in Chinese painting
Ink and wash is one of the main tool materials of Chinese painting. The types and properties of ink are very complex and have many functions. Generally, it can be divided into two categories: Song Yanmo and oil smoke ink. Song Yanmo is the earliest ink making method in China, which is made by burning loose coal to get smoke, bleaching, screening, removing impurities, mixing glue, using medicine, tamping and pelletizing. After the Ming Dynasty, oil smoke ink gradually flourished, mainly made of tung oil, sesame oil, soap green oil, rapeseed oil, soybean oil, etc., and then mixed with musk and borneol. China brush
Pen is the main tool for painting and calligraphy. Now the bamboo chips dipped in ink for carpentry are actually the original bamboo pens used in ancient times. Generally, bristles are made of materials such as wool, rabbit hair, weasel tail hair, chicken feather, mouse hair, ponytail, deer hair, leopard hair, stone badger hair and so on. In addition, there is a kind of pen between soft and hard, which is called double brush. Painters and calligraphers can choose a handy brush to draw and write according to their own habits and styles.
Chinese painting inkstone
Inkstone is a familiar tool for grinding ink, and there are many kinds of inkstones. According to its texture, there are jade inkstone, pottery inkstone, pottery inkstone, lacquer inkstone, tile inkstone, gold, silver, copper, iron inkstone, porcelain inkstone and widely used inkstone. From the origin, there are more than 40 varieties of Duanzhou inkstone, Sheyan inkstone, Zhou Tao inkstone, Qingzhou inkstone, Wenzhou inkstone and Xinzhou inkstone. Among them, Shexian inkstone, Guangdong Duanyan, Gansu inkstone and Guo-made inkstone are the most famous, and they are known as the "four famous inkstones" in China. Its advantages are: the color is like Yun Lan, the sound is like a strange stone, it is as smooth as a wall jade, it is hard and durable, the ink quality is fine and durable, the cutting style is exquisite, and it has both use value and artistic value.
Chinese painting pigment
Pigment is one of the important materials in painting. Mainly divided into two categories: natural and man-made. Natural pigments are mostly minerals, such as cinnabar, stone green, Zhu Biao, cinnabar, scarlet and so on. There are many kinds of artificial pigments, including inorganic substances and organic substances. Inorganic substances are titanium dioxide and bright yellow; Organic substances such as insoluble phthalocyanine and toluidine red. Chinese painting pigments were used as early as the Neolithic painted pottery process, and later with the development of silk paintings and murals in the Han and Wei Dynasties, they were more widely used. But before the Tang Dynasty, mineral pigments were mainly used. After the Tang Dynasty, with the development of dyeing and weaving industry, plant pigments were gradually used in painting. In the Five Dynasties, the types of pigments were particularly complicated, but some chemical pigments were not as durable as ancient natural pigments. The pigments of modern Chinese painting are block, powder and camp, which are convenient to use.
China's meticulous painting techniques
Meticulous painting is neat and beautiful, with rigorous modeling, both form and spirit, and strong sense of reality. There are several forms of meticulous painting, such as line drawing, light color meticulous painting, heavy color meticulous painting and boneless meticulous painting. Line drawing is a painting method with lines as the main means of expression. It relies on the thickness, rigidity, Fiona Fang and other changes of the line itself to express the texture of various objects and the sense of brushwork of the line.
Pale colors have unique rules and methods in the use of colors. Light color emphasizes elegance, simplicity, simplicity and purity. The picture frame is mainly ink and wash with a little light color.
Heavy colors are more dense, gorgeous and luxurious than light colors, giving people a magnificent feeling. Heavy color generally adopts the method of quality dyeing and color matching. The so-called "three alum and nine dyes" are painted thin every time, and then dyed with glue alum water several times. The effect is heavy and calm, and it is fixed with the color on the screen. Heavy colors can be divided into hook dyeing method and hook filling method. Hook dyeing method mostly adopts plant color accumulation dyeing. The color filling method is mainly mineral color, and then sentence dyeing method is used.
Generally speaking, boneless meticulous brushwork does not need to cross the ink line, but is dyed directly with color. Use magnetic dyeing method instead of color product method. Contact dyeing method, also called contact dyeing method, is to dip two school brushes in two colors, dye them from different directions, and contact each other in the middle to form natural colors, such as green leaves. First, dye the roots deep grass green. Then dye the tip with shallow grass green, and when the shallow grass green touches each other, the shallow grass green naturally forms. In addition, there are other methods of boneless meticulous painting, such as water injection, coloring and powder injection, which are commonly used by meticulous painter Chen Zhifo.