loquat

Scientific name: loquat. )Lindl。

English name: loquat

Family name: Rosaceae, Rosaceae

Small evergreen trees, up to 10 m; Branchlets densely rusty or grayish brown tomentose. Leaf blade is leathery, lanceolate, obovate or oblong, with a length of 10-30cm and a width of 3- 10cm. The tip is sharp or tapered, the base is wedge-shaped or tapered into a petiole, the edge is serrated, the surface is wrinkled, and the back and petiole are rusted. Panicle flowers are numerous and dense; Pedicels, pedicels, and pipes are rusted; The flowers are white and fragrant, with a diameter of 1.2-2 cm. Petals have fluff inside and claws at the bottom. Pear fruit is nearly spherical or rectangular, yellow or orange, with rust-colored fur outside, and then falls off. The size and shape of fruits vary from variety to variety. The flowering period is 10 ~ 12, and the fruiting period is from May to June of the following year. Named for its shape like a pipa.

There are wild plants in China, Sichuan and Hubei, and now they are cultivated all over the country; Loquat is widely distributed in our province, but as an economic cultivation, it is limited to Dongting East, Xishan, Guangfu, Nantong, Haimen and Yangzhou in Suzhou. The output of Dongting East and Xishan Mountain accounts for more than 90% of the whole province, and it is one of the famous loquat producing areas in China.

There are many varieties of loquat, which can be divided into red sand loquat and white sand loquat. The former has long life, strong tree potential and high yield, but its quality is not as good as the latter. The famous varieties are round varieties and egg red. The growth and yield of Baisha loquat is not as good as that of Hongsha loquat, but its quality is excellent. The famous varieties are round planting, breeding and egg white. Seeds can be used to make wine and extract alcohol; Wood materials are tough and can be used to make wood combs, wooden handrails and other materials; Medicinal leaves and fruits have the effects of clearing away heat, moistening lung, relieving cough and resolving phlegm; Also steamed its leaf dew, named "loquat leaf dew", which has the function of clearing away heat and relieving summer heat and harmonizing the stomach; It is also an excellent nectar source plant. Among honey, "loquat honey" is of high quality. The leaves contain Gleditsia sinensis Roxb. 20, bitter almond 20, ursolic acid, oleanolic acid, tannin, vitamin B 1, vitamin C, etc.

Su Dongpo said: "When guests come to tea, nothing happens, but Lu Juyangmei is still sour." . Someone asked him: What kind of fruit is Lu Ju? He said, "loquat also". Later, some books also said "loquat, an orange." I think this is mostly because of Sue's "taking it for granted". Because, in Sima Xiangru's Shang Fu Lin, it is said that "Xia Luju is ripe, Huang Gan orange, loquat persimmon and pavilion is magnolia". State several things side by side. It can be seen that Lu Ju is Lu Ju and Loquat is Loquat, and the middle cannot be equated. Li Shizhen said: "It is wrong for people who note the Selected Works to regard loquat as an orange." Quite right.

Yang Wanli wrote a loquat poem: "big leaves and long ears, one end is full of plates." Litchi has many stones, but kumquat is not sour. Rain leaves and branches are low in weight and the pulp is cold. Whether Changqing is here or not, don't send him as a garden official. " The first six sentences describe the character of loquat fairly accurately, but they are not poetic. Although Confucius said that you can learn more about the names of birds, animals and plants by reading poetry, poetry is not a textbook for plants after all. Guo Moruo's "Let a Hundred Flowers Bloom" is a failed example. Yang Wanli's loquat poem seems to be the first of its kind. As for the last two sentences, I don't know what he said. Although Sima Xiangru wrote loquat in Shang Fu Lin, it didn't show the appearance of drooling, and there was no record that Sun Monkey ate flat peaches secretly. What does it matter whether he is a gardener or not?

There is also a jingle about loquat, saying that someone sent loquat to others, with a letter saying: Yunyun sent two baskets of pipa. The recipient then wrote a poem: "Loquat is not this pipa, because I didn't know much about it." If the pipa can blossom and bear fruit, the flute in the city will blossom. "Although the poem is joking, it makes people feel distressed while eating the loquat sent by others. There are so many Chinese characters that it is difficult to write a few typos. If you make a mistake, you must write a poem. Such poems can be said endlessly. I remember it was in the early 1930s. Liu Bannong is the marking officer in Peking University. Because the examinee wrote a few typos, he became very excited and made several poems to mark the paper, which greatly mocked the examinee. In one of them, because students wrote "studying abroad" as "studying abroad", Mr. Liu said: "Mr. Wang committed a heinous crime and sent him to the west to study abroad. It should be nine streams and one class, exhausted. "Lu Xun was very disapproving, and wrote the article" After Feeling Old (Part II) ",thinking that it was not the middle school students who just graduated that were ridiculous, but the big professors who used it as a laughing stock to embellish the sarcasm. Loquat is probably not distributed to middle school students. They can't read much, either because they have no money to study or for other reasons. And those who think they are senior officials, have greater skills, write inscriptions everywhere and make a fool of themselves everywhere. They are thicker than the city wall, it is better to stab him, but such people are rarely ridiculed.

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